Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Civil Rights and Discrimination (20)
- Constitutional Law (10)
- Criminal Law (7)
- Law and Race (6)
- Law and Society (6)
-
- Criminal Procedure (5)
- Law and Gender (5)
- Sexuality and the Law (5)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (5)
- Evidence (4)
- Immigration Law (4)
- Judges (4)
- Arts and Humanities (3)
- Law and Politics (3)
- Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility (3)
- Sociology (3)
- First Amendment (2)
- History (2)
- Land Use Law (2)
- Law Enforcement and Corrections (2)
- Law and Psychology (2)
- Legislation (2)
- National Security Law (2)
- Psychology (2)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (2)
- Public Law and Legal Theory (2)
- Public Policy (2)
- Social Psychology (2)
- Clinical Epidemiology (1)
- Institution
-
- Boston University School of Law (7)
- Touro University Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center (4)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law (4)
- Roger Williams University (3)
- University of Michigan Law School (3)
-
- George Washington University Law School (2)
- Georgetown University Law Center (2)
- New York Law School (2)
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock William H. Bowen School of Law (2)
- University of Pittsburgh School of Law (2)
- Augustana College (1)
- Cornell University Law School (1)
- Montclair State University (1)
- Penn State Law (1)
- Singapore Management University (1)
- Southern Methodist University (1)
- St. Mary's University (1)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (1)
- University of Colorado Law School (1)
- University of Kentucky (1)
- University of Miami Law School (1)
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law (1)
- University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School (1)
- Valparaiso University (1)
- Washington and Lee University School of Law (1)
- William & Mary Law School (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Faculty Scholarship (9)
- Scholarly Works (8)
- Articles (5)
- Articles & Chapters (2)
- GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works (2)
-
- Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works (2)
- Law School Blogs (2)
- All Faculty Scholarship (1)
- Cornell Law Faculty Publications (1)
- Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works (1)
- Faculty Articles (1)
- Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters (1)
- Faculty Publications (1)
- Faculty Works (1)
- Geifman Prize in Holocaust Studies (1)
- Journal Articles (1)
- Law & Economics Working Papers (1)
- Law Faculty Publications (1)
- Law Faculty Scholarly Articles (1)
- Life of the Law School (1993- ) (1)
- Psychology Faculty Scholarship (1)
- Publications (1)
- Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law (1)
- Scholarly Articles (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 47
Full-Text Articles in Law
Character Evidence As A Conduit For Implicit Bias, Hillel J. Bavli
Character Evidence As A Conduit For Implicit Bias, Hillel J. Bavli
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
The Federal Rules of Evidence purport to prohibit character evidence, or evidence regarding a defendant’s past bad acts or propensities offered to suggest that the defendant acted in accordance with a certain character trait on the occasion in question. However, courts regularly admit character evidence through an expanding set of legislative and judicial exceptions that have all but swallowed the rule. In the usual narrative, character evidence is problematic because jurors place excessive weight on it or punish the defendant for past behavior. Lawmakers rely on this narrative when they create exceptions. However, this account arguably misses a highly troublesome …
A Requirement, A Factor, Or A Figure Of Speech? Role Of Prejudice When Challenging Awards Under The Model Law, Darius Chan, Zhi Jia Koh
A Requirement, A Factor, Or A Figure Of Speech? Role Of Prejudice When Challenging Awards Under The Model Law, Darius Chan, Zhi Jia Koh
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Both parties and courts routinely invoke the term ‘prejudice’ in applications to set aside an arbitral award or refuse its enforcement. This suggests that the use of the term is more than just a figure of speech. It is generally understood that prejudice, in the sense of impact or effect on the outcome of the arbitration, is relevant for procedural challenges but not jurisdictional challenges. However, questions remain as to whether prejudice is legally relevant for challenges that are neither strictly procedural or jurisdictional in nature, whether prejudice is relevant as a factor for consideration or as a legal requirement …
Reframing Hate, Lu-In Wang
Reframing Hate, Lu-In Wang
Articles
The concept and naming of “hate crime,” and the adoption of special laws to address it, provoked controversy and raised fundamental questions when they were introduced in the 1980s. In the decades since, neither hate crime itself nor those hotly debated questions have abated. To the contrary, hate crime has increased in recent years—although the prominent target groups have shifted over time—and the debate over hate crime laws has reignited as well. The still-open questions range from the philosophical to the doctrinal to the pragmatic: What justifies the enhanced punishment that hate crime laws impose based on the perpetrator’s motivation? …
Bigotry, Prophecy, Religion, And The Race Analogy In Marriage And Civil Rights Battles: Responding To Commentaries On Who's The Bigot?, Linda C. Mcclain
Bigotry, Prophecy, Religion, And The Race Analogy In Marriage And Civil Rights Battles: Responding To Commentaries On Who's The Bigot?, Linda C. Mcclain
Faculty Scholarship
One of the most rewarding parts of writing a book is that it opens the door for constructive conversation with thoughtful and perceptive readers like the scholars who generously contributed to this book symposium. Their various essays touch on and offer powerful insights about the core concerns that I had when I wrote Who’s the Bigot? Learning from Conicts over Marriage and Civil Rights Law. They offer thoughtful empirical and normative observations and surface useful questions about important future investigations. Were I able to write a next chapter—or a sequel—all these commentaries would shape its content. As it is, I …
Reducing Prejudice Through Law: Evidence From Experimental Psychology, Roseanna Sommers, Sara Burke
Reducing Prejudice Through Law: Evidence From Experimental Psychology, Roseanna Sommers, Sara Burke
Law & Economics Working Papers
Can antidiscrimination law effect changes in public attitudes toward minority groups? Could learning, for instance, that employment discrimination against people with clinical depression is illegal cause members of the public to be more accepting toward people with mental health conditions? In this Article, we report the results of a series of experiments that test the effect of inducing the belief that discrimination against a given group is legal (vs. illegal) on interpersonal attitudes toward members of that group. We find that learning that discrimination is unlawful does not simply lead people to believe that an employer is more likely to …
John Stuart Mill’S Harm Principle And Free Speech: Expanding The Notion Of Harm, Melina Constantine Bell
John Stuart Mill’S Harm Principle And Free Speech: Expanding The Notion Of Harm, Melina Constantine Bell
Scholarly Articles
This article advocates employing John Stuart Mill’s harm principle to set the boundary for unregulated free speech, and his Greatest Happiness Principle to regulate speech outside that boundary because it threatens unconsented-to harm. Supplementing the harm principle with an offense principle is unnecessary and undesirable if our conception of harm integrates recent empirical evidence unavailable to Mill. For example, current research uncovers the tangible harms individuals suffer directly from bigoted speech, as well as the indirect harms generated by the systemic oppression and epistemic injustice that bigoted speech constructs and reinforces. Using Mill’s ethical framework with an updated notion of …
Prejudice-Based Rights In Criminal Procedure, Justin Murray
Prejudice-Based Rights In Criminal Procedure, Justin Murray
Articles & Chapters
This Article critically examines a cluster of rules that use the concept of prejudice to restrict the scope of criminal defendants’ procedural rights, forming what I call prejudice-based rights. I focus, in particular, on outcome-centric prejudice- based rights—rights that apply only when failing to apply them might cause prejudice by affecting the outcome of the case. Two of criminal defendants’ most important rights fit this description: the right, originating in Brady v. Maryland, to obtain favorable, “material” evidence within the government’s knowledge, and the right to effective assistance of counsel. Since prejudice (or equivalently, materiality) is an element of these …
Law School News: Broadening The Perspective 12/04/2019, Michael M. Bowden
Law School News: Broadening The Perspective 12/04/2019, Michael M. Bowden
Life of the Law School (1993- )
No abstract provided.
Prejudice, Constitutional Moral Progress, And Being "On The Right Side Of History": Reflections On Loving V. Virginia At Fifty, Linda C. Mcclain
Prejudice, Constitutional Moral Progress, And Being "On The Right Side Of History": Reflections On Loving V. Virginia At Fifty, Linda C. Mcclain
Faculty Scholarship
What does it mean to be on the “right” or “wrong” side of history? When Virginia’s Attorney General explained his decision not to defend Virginia’s “Defense of Marriage Law” prohibiting same-sex marriage, he asserted that it was time for Virginia to be on the “right” rather than “wrong” side of history and the law. He criticized his predecessors, who defended the discriminatory laws at issue in Brown v. Board of Education, Loving v. Virginia, and United States v. Virginia. Loving played a crucial role in the majority opinion in Obergefell v. Hodges, even as the dissenters disputed …
Racial Character Evidence In Police Killing Cases, Jasmine Gonzales Rose
Racial Character Evidence In Police Killing Cases, Jasmine Gonzales Rose
Faculty Scholarship
The United States is facing a twofold crisis: police killings of people of color and unaccountability for these killings in the criminal justice system. In many instances, the officers’ use of deadly force is captured on video and often appears clearly unjustified, but grand and petit juries still fail to indict and convict, leaving many baffled. This Article provides an explanation for these failures: juror reliance on “racial character evidence.” Too often, jurors consider race as evidence in criminal trials, particularly in police killing cases where the victim was a person of color. Instead of focusing on admissible evidence, jurors …
Toward A Critical Race Theory Of Evidence, Jasmine Gonzales Rose
Toward A Critical Race Theory Of Evidence, Jasmine Gonzales Rose
Faculty Scholarship
Scholars, judges, and lawyers have long believed that evidence rules apply equally to all persons regardless of race. This Article challenges this assumption and reveals how evidence law structurally disadvantages people of color. A critical race analysis of stand-your-ground defenses, cross-racial eyewitness misidentifications, and minority flight from racially-targeted police profiling and violence uncovers the existence of a dual-race evidentiary system. This system is reminiscent of nineteenth century race-based witness competency rules that barred people of color from testifying against white people. I deconstruct this problem and introduce the original concept of “racialized reality evidence.” This construct demonstrates how evidence of …
Rwu First Amendment Blog: Jared A. Goldstein's Blog: Trump's Order Violates Bedrock Principles Of Roger Williams And Ri 01-30-2017, Jared A. Goldstein
Rwu First Amendment Blog: Jared A. Goldstein's Blog: Trump's Order Violates Bedrock Principles Of Roger Williams And Ri 01-30-2017, Jared A. Goldstein
Law School Blogs
No abstract provided.
The Scapegoat, Katherine Ludwig
The Scapegoat, Katherine Ludwig
Geifman Prize in Holocaust Studies
This essay responds to a claim made in the aftermath of an Anti-Semitic attack. It discusses the treatment of Jews in Europe around the time of the Holocaust and what may have motivated this treatment.
Trending @ Rwu Law: Lorraine Lalli's Post: Judge Reeves On Racial Violence, Same-Sex Marriage, 01/12/2016, Lorraine Lalli
Trending @ Rwu Law: Lorraine Lalli's Post: Judge Reeves On Racial Violence, Same-Sex Marriage, 01/12/2016, Lorraine Lalli
Law School Blogs
No abstract provided.
The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 And 'Legislating Morality': On Conscience, Prejudice, And Whether 'Stateways' Can Change 'Folkways', Linda C. Mcclain
The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 And 'Legislating Morality': On Conscience, Prejudice, And Whether 'Stateways' Can Change 'Folkways', Linda C. Mcclain
Faculty Scholarship
Influential studies, from the 1940s and 1950s, of the problem of prejudice and how to remedy it challenged the famous assertion of nineteenth-century sociologist William Graham Sumner that “stateways don’t change folkways,” and its modern counterparts, “you cannot legislate against prejudice” or “you cannot legislate morality.” Social scientists countered that, although people might initially protest, they would welcome a federal antidiscrimination law that aligned with conscience and closed the gap between American ideals and prejudice, creating new “folkways.” Using examples from the contexts of public accommodations, education, and employment, this Article examines similar arguments made about conscience and “legislating morality” …
A New Approach To Voir Dire On Racial Bias, Cynthia Lee
A New Approach To Voir Dire On Racial Bias, Cynthia Lee
GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works
One question that attorneys in racially charged cases face is whether to attempt to conduct voir dire into racial bias. Voir dire is the process of questioning prospective jurors to ensure that those chosen to sit on the jury will be impartial and unbiased. Whether it is a good idea from a trial strategy perspective to voir dire prospective jurors when an attorney believes racial bias may have played a role in the events underlying the case is a question over which reasonable minds can disagree. Perhaps the most common view is that reflected by Albert Alschuler who suggested twenty-five …
Ineffective Assistance Of Counsel Before Powell V. Alabama: Lessons From History For The Future Of The Right To Counsel, Sara Mayeux
All Faculty Scholarship
The doctrinal literature on ineffective assistance of counsel typically begins with the 1932 Supreme Court case of Powell v. Alabama. This symposium contribution goes back farther, locating the IAC doctrine’s origins in a series of state cases from the 1880s through the 1920s. At common law, the traditional agency rule held that counsel incompetence was never grounds for a new trial. Between the 1880s and the 1920s, state appellate judges chipped away at that rule, developing a more flexible doctrine that allowed appellate courts to reverse criminal convictions in cases where, because of egregious attorney ineptitude, there was reason …
Applying Sex Offender Registry Laws To Juvenile Offenders: Biases Against Adolescents From Stigmatized Groups, Jessica M. Salerno, Margaret Stevenson, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Tisha R.A. Wiley, Bette L. Bottoms, Liana Peter-Hagene
Applying Sex Offender Registry Laws To Juvenile Offenders: Biases Against Adolescents From Stigmatized Groups, Jessica M. Salerno, Margaret Stevenson, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Tisha R.A. Wiley, Bette L. Bottoms, Liana Peter-Hagene
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
The need to protect children from dangerous sex offenders has led to policies that require juvenile sex offenders to register on public online registries. It is important to determine the implications of these laws for the wellbeing of child victims and also for juvenile offenders on these registries. Is the application of these laws—designed for adult offenders—to juveniles appropriate, necessary, and supported by public sentiment? The chapter reviews current sex offender registration policies and psychological research addressing whether the assumptions underlying these laws are supported by research, public sentiment toward these laws, factors that might drive biases against stigmatized youth …
The Geography Of Racial Stereotyping: Evidence And Implications For Vra ‘Preclearance’ After Shelby County, Christopher S. Elmendorf, Douglas M. Spencer
The Geography Of Racial Stereotyping: Evidence And Implications For Vra ‘Preclearance’ After Shelby County, Christopher S. Elmendorf, Douglas M. Spencer
Publications
The Supreme Court in Shelby County v. Holder (2013) effectively enjoined the preclearance regime of the Voting Rights Act. The Court deemed the coverage formula, which determines the jurisdictions subject to preclearance, insufficiently grounded in current conditions. This Article proposes a new, legally defensible approach to coverage based on between-state differences in the proportion of voting age citizens who subscribe to negative stereotypes about racial minorities and who vote accordingly. The new coverage formula could also account for racially polarized voting and minority population size, but, for constitutional reasons, subjective discrimination by voters is the essential criterion. We demonstrate that …
Regrouping America: Immigration Policies And The Reduction Of Prejudice, Fatma Marouf
Regrouping America: Immigration Policies And The Reduction Of Prejudice, Fatma Marouf
Scholarly Works
No abstract provided.
Creation Stories: Stanley Hauerwas, Same-Sex Marriage, And Narrative In Law And Theology, Charlton C. Copeland
Creation Stories: Stanley Hauerwas, Same-Sex Marriage, And Narrative In Law And Theology, Charlton C. Copeland
Articles
No abstract provided.
Implicit Bias And Immigration Courts, Fatma Marouf
Implicit Bias And Immigration Courts, Fatma Marouf
Scholarly Works
This Article highlights the importance of implicit bias in immigration adjudication. After tracing the evolution of prejudice in our immigration laws from explicit "old-fashioned" prejudice to more subtle forms of "modem" and "aversive" prejudice, the Article argues that the specific conditions under which immigration judges decide cases render them especially prone to the influence of implicit bias. Specifically, it examines how factors such as immigration judges' lack of independence, limited opportunity for deliberate thinking, low motivation, and the low risk of judicial review all allow implicit bias to drive decisionmaking. The Article then recommends certain reforms, both simple and complex, …
Can We Talk? How Triggers For Unconscious Racism Strengthen The Importance Of Dialogue, Adjoa A. Aiyetoro
Can We Talk? How Triggers For Unconscious Racism Strengthen The Importance Of Dialogue, Adjoa A. Aiyetoro
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
2009 Ethical Considerations In Land Use, Patricia E. Salkin
2009 Ethical Considerations In Land Use, Patricia E. Salkin
Scholarly Works
This article is one in a series of annual updates on reported cases and opinions in the area of ethics and land use regulation, A number of themes emerged from the round of litigation in the last year. The most surprising discovery was for a second year in a row, the number of reported cases involving allegations of unethical conduct on the part of land use attorneys. This article reviews these cases, as well as cases involving conflicts based on community involvement, familial relationships, employment and financial interests; and cases involving allegations of bias and prejudgment.
A Lesson On Homophobia And Teasing, Eva Goldfarb
A Lesson On Homophobia And Teasing, Eva Goldfarb
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Homophobia and gay-related teasing are already present among young children. This lesson introduces the term “prejudice” and places the concept of homophobia within the context of bullying and teasing with which 8–11-year-olds are already familiar. The lesson builds empathy as children think about and discuss how they have felt when they have been teased or called a name and how they think people in gay or lesbian families would feel. The lesson celebrates the lives of gay and lesbian people as it celebrates diversity among all people and families. Children are encouraged to think about the diversity within their own …
The Supreme Court’S Analysis Of Issues Raised By Death Penalty Litigants In The Court's 2004 Term, Richard Klein
The Supreme Court’S Analysis Of Issues Raised By Death Penalty Litigants In The Court's 2004 Term, Richard Klein
Scholarly Works
No abstract provided.
Judicial Review And Nongeneralizable Cases, Neal Devins, Alan J. Meese
Judicial Review And Nongeneralizable Cases, Neal Devins, Alan J. Meese
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Race, Immigration, And The Department Of Homeland Security, Victor C. Romero
Race, Immigration, And The Department Of Homeland Security, Victor C. Romero
Journal Articles
Despite the wisdom of separating the service and enforcement functions of our immigration bureau, the new tripartite system under the auspices of the Department of Homeland Security risks fueling the "immigrant Arab as terrorist" stereotype, rather than helping to re-establish the reality that noncitizen terrorists, like U.S. citizen ones, are a rare species.
When Equality Leaves Everyone Worse Off: The Problem Of Leveling Down In Equality Law, Deborah Brake
When Equality Leaves Everyone Worse Off: The Problem Of Leveling Down In Equality Law, Deborah Brake
Articles
This Article addresses the problem of leveling down as a response to discrimination. Existing case law and legal scholarship generally assume that inequality may be remedied in one of two ways: improving the lot of the disfavored group to match that of the most favored group, or worsening the treatment of the favored group until they fare as badly as everyone else. The term "leveling down" refers to the latter response. This Article contends that courts and commentators have overstated the flexibility of equality rights in accepting leveling down as a response to inequality, and proposes a new framework that …
'But I Thought He Had A Gun' - Race And Police Use Of Deadly Force, Cynthia Lee
'But I Thought He Had A Gun' - Race And Police Use Of Deadly Force, Cynthia Lee
GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works
It is undisputed that Blacks are disproportionately represented among the victims of police shootings. In a comprehensive review of the literature on police use of deadly force, James Fyfe reports that every study that has examined this issue [has] found that blacks are represented disproportionately among those at the wrong end of police guns. Although Blacks represent approximately 13 percent of the population in the United States, in parts of the country they constitute 60 to 85 percent of the victims of police shootings. On average, Blacks are more than six times as likely as Whites to be shot by …