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Articles 31 - 55 of 55
Full-Text Articles in Law
Hate Speech, C. Edwin Baker
Hate Speech, C. Edwin Baker
All Faculty Scholarship
This paper describes the rationale that a full protection theory of free speech, a theory based on respect for individual autonomy, would give for protecting hate speech. The paper then notes that such a rationale will be unpersuasive to many (including this author) if the harms associated with a failure to outlaw hate speech are as great as often suggested – most dramatically, if the failure to prohibit makes a substantial contribution to the occurrence of serious racial/ethnic violence or genocide. The article then attempts to outline what empirical evidence would be needed to support this conclusion and gives reasons …
Book Review, Walking A Gantlet: Nielsen’S License To Harass, Lynne Henderson
Book Review, Walking A Gantlet: Nielsen’S License To Harass, Lynne Henderson
Scholarly Works
No abstract provided.
O Say, Can You See: Free Expression By The Light Of Fiery Crosses, Jeannine Bell
O Say, Can You See: Free Expression By The Light Of Fiery Crosses, Jeannine Bell
Articles by Maurer Faculty
This Article presents a comprehensive, context-based theory which both places cross burning in its proper doctrinal framework and recognizes the history of cross burning as one of Ku Klux Klan-inspired terrorism directed at African Americans. The author prefaces critical commentary on the Supreme Court's decision in Virginia v. Black with analysis of the full landscape of cross burning cases including another issue to which others have paid little attention - the ways in which state courts have negotiated First Amendment challenges to cross burning statutes. Thoroughly examining cross burning from each of these perspectives, the Article argues that cross burning …
Hate Speech In Constitutional Jurisprudence: A Comparative Analysis, Michel Rosenfeld
Hate Speech In Constitutional Jurisprudence: A Comparative Analysis, Michel Rosenfeld
Articles
The United States protects much hate speech that is banned in other Western constitutional democracies and under international human rights covenants and conventions. In the United States, only hate speech that leads to "incitement to violence" can be constitutionally restricted, while under the alternative approach found elsewhere, bans properly extend to hate speech leading to "incitement to hatred." The article undertakes a comparative analysis in light of changes brought by new technologies, such as the internet, which allow for worldwide spread of protected hate speech originating in the United States. After evaluating the respective doctrines, arguments and values involved, the …
Hate Speech In The Constitutional Law Of The United States, William B. Fisch
Hate Speech In The Constitutional Law Of The United States, William B. Fisch
Faculty Publications
Our general reporter, Professor Pizzorusso, has given us “incitement to hatred” - primarily against a group of persons defined in terms of race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, religion, sexual orientation, and the like--as the working definition of “hate speech”, and asks to what extent such speech is constitutionally protected in the reporting countries. The United States of America are known at least in recent times for providing exceptionally broad protection for otherwise objectionable speech and expression, and hate speech is understood to be one of the areas in which they have positioned themselves further out on the speech-protective end of …
Terrorism And The Bill Of Rights, Rodney A. Smolla
Terrorism And The Bill Of Rights, Rodney A. Smolla
Scholarly Articles
In this article, Professor Smolla examines the right to free speech in the context of Black v. Commonwealth, a case which dealt with a Virginia law that banned cross-burning. While the legal doctrines argued in the Black case were certainly important then, they took on a whole new importance in light of the attacks on September 11, 2001. Professor Smolla discusses whether the terrorist attacks should affect the freedoms of speech and expression in America, concluding that, while horrific and life-changing, the attack on America should not alter our First Amendment rights.
Deciding When Hate Is A Crime: The First Amendment, Police Detectives, And The Identification Of Hate Crime, Jeannine Bell
Deciding When Hate Is A Crime: The First Amendment, Police Detectives, And The Identification Of Hate Crime, Jeannine Bell
Articles by Maurer Faculty
This Article adds to the debate a story of how hate crime law is enforced, based on the experiences of the police detectives who are required to enforce hate crime law. Part I of this Article provides a brief description of hate crime laws and argues that the police play an important role in the determination of how hate crime law is enforced and ultimately, whether defendants’ First Amendment rights will be respected. Part II describes critics’ concerns about defendants’ First Amendment rights and the narrow constitutional line that enforcers of hate crime law must walk between enforcing hate crime …
Hate And The Bar: Is The Hale Case Mccarthyism Redux Or A Victory For Racial Equality?, W. Bradley Wendel
Hate And The Bar: Is The Hale Case Mccarthyism Redux Or A Victory For Racial Equality?, W. Bradley Wendel
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
The application of the constitutional free expression guarantee to the activities of the organized bar is one of the most important unexplored areas of legal ethics. In this essay I will consider in particular the question of whether an applicant may be denied admission to the bar for involvement with hateful or discriminatory activities. This question reveals the tension between the first amendment principle, established after the agonizing struggles of the McCarthy era, that no one may be denied membership in the bar because of his or her beliefs alone, and the plenary authority of bar associations to make predictive …
Restricting Hate Speech Against Private Figures: Lessons In Power-Based Censorship From Defamation Law, Victor C. Romero
Restricting Hate Speech Against Private Figures: Lessons In Power-Based Censorship From Defamation Law, Victor C. Romero
Journal Articles
This article examines the debate between those who favor greater protection for minorities vulnerable to hate speech and First Amendment absolutists who are skeptical of any burdens on pure speech. The author also provides another perspective on the debate by highlighting the "public/private figure" distinction as an area within First Amendment law that acknowledges differences in power, a construct anti-hate speech advocates should use to further their cause. Specifically, the author places the "public/private figure" division in a theoretical and historical context and then provides empirical support for the thesis that whites enjoy a more prominent societal role and greater …
Escaping The Expression-Equality Conundrum: Toward Anti-Orthodoxy And Inclusion, Nan D. Hunter
Escaping The Expression-Equality Conundrum: Toward Anti-Orthodoxy And Inclusion, Nan D. Hunter
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
In this article, Professor Hunter questions the naturalness and inevitability of the dichotomy in constitutional law between freedom of expression and the right to equality. She places the origin of this doctrinal divergence in the history of American social protest movements in the first half of the twentieth century, which began with ideologically-based claims and shifted to a primary emphasis on identity-based equality claims. During the interim period between World War I and World War I, the wave of seminal First Amendment cases was ebbing and the wave of equality claims was beginning to swell. Close examination of the constitutional …
Law And The Ideal Citizen, Lee C. Bollinger
Law And The Ideal Citizen, Lee C. Bollinger
Faculty Scholarship
The theme identified for this lecture series is the subject of responsibility. I assume Washington and Lee has selected that topic out of a sense that it has not received sufficient attention, as compared, for example, to the subject of "rights." I select "rights" as the counter-example because we often hear of the two in tandem – "rights and responsibilities." As such, the concept of responsibility connotes a sense of obligation as to what is due from us to others and to the community. It is, in that sense, easier to be in favor of rights than it is of …
Privacy And Celebrity: An Essay On The Nationalization Of Intimacy, Robert F. Nagel
Privacy And Celebrity: An Essay On The Nationalization Of Intimacy, Robert F. Nagel
Publications
No abstract provided.
International Human Rights Standards On Sexual Violence Against Women As They Apply To Pornography, Claudia Giunta
International Human Rights Standards On Sexual Violence Against Women As They Apply To Pornography, Claudia Giunta
LLM Theses and Essays
The United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women was held in Beijing in September 1995, and represented an important step towards the achievement of equality for women. At the Conference, the progress made towards equality was acknowledged, but it was also acknowledged that many goals have not been achieved yet, and that cultural changes of fundamental importance remain to be made. Indeed, in many countries the cultural approach to violence and discrimination against women is quite fatalistic; they believe violence against women cannot be solved by laws. However, this approach overlooks the role played by societies in tolerating practices of …
Pragmatism, Pluralism, And Legal Interpretation: Posner's And Rorty's Justice Without Metaphysics Meets Hate Speech, Michel Rosenfeld
Pragmatism, Pluralism, And Legal Interpretation: Posner's And Rorty's Justice Without Metaphysics Meets Hate Speech, Michel Rosenfeld
Articles
No abstract provided.
Implications Of Mill's Theory Of Liberty For The Regulation Of Hate Speech And Hate Crimes, Keith N. Hylton
Implications Of Mill's Theory Of Liberty For The Regulation Of Hate Speech And Hate Crimes, Keith N. Hylton
Faculty Scholarship
The notion that utilitarianism cannot support a theory of fundamental rights is a recurring source of conflict in law and philosophy.' Those who adhere to this view argue that a utilitarian or consequentialist approach cannot provide a stable, permanent justification for rights: at any moment, the utilitarian calculus might conclude that what it considered a right yesterday, actually reduces total welfare, and therefore is not a right today. Perhaps no one has gone further in attempting to refute this claim than John Stuart Mill.' As a result, any effort to construct a consequentialist theory of fundamental rights must draw at …
Hate Speech On Campus And The First Amendment: Can They Be Reconciled?, Thomas A. Schweitzer
Hate Speech On Campus And The First Amendment: Can They Be Reconciled?, Thomas A. Schweitzer
Scholarly Works
No abstract provided.
Racist Speech, Outsider Jurisprudence, And The Meaning Of America, Steven H. Shiffrin
Racist Speech, Outsider Jurisprudence, And The Meaning Of America, Steven H. Shiffrin
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
Progressive Free Speech And The Uneasy Case For Campus Hate Codes, Robert F. Nagel
Progressive Free Speech And The Uneasy Case For Campus Hate Codes, Robert F. Nagel
Publications
No abstract provided.
Race, Riots And The Rule Of Law, Deborah Waire Post
Race, Riots And The Rule Of Law, Deborah Waire Post
Scholarly Works
No abstract provided.
Civil Actions For Emotional Distress And R.A.V. V. City Of St. Paul, Michael K. Steenson
Civil Actions For Emotional Distress And R.A.V. V. City Of St. Paul, Michael K. Steenson
Faculty Scholarship
The law of emotional distress is characterized by judicial reluctance to create and expand remedies for emotional injuries. The issue here is whether the Court's decision in R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul will impose further limitations on the right to recover civil damages for the intentional infliction of emotional injury, particular emotional injuries resulting from hate speech. This symposium first examines the applicability of the tort to redress claims based on abusive epithets based on the victim's race, gender, or sexual orientation. The symposium then argues that using this tort in cases involving hate speech should not create constitutional …
Free Speech In The United States And Canada, Kent Greenawalt
Free Speech In The United States And Canada, Kent Greenawalt
Faculty Scholarship
This comparison of freedom of speech in the United States and Canada concentrates on Supreme Court decisions in the two countries and on kinds of speech mainly engaged in by extreme dissenters and political outsiders. After brief comments about constitutional language and general approaches, I discuss subversive speech and other speech that encourages criminal acts, hate speech, symbolic speech, and public demonstrations.
In both countries, a major premise of modern adjudication is that freedom of expression is a central feature of liberal democracy. Government "by the people," even in the extended sense of government by representatives, requires that citizens openly …
To Stimulate, Provoke, Or Incite? Hate Speech And The First Amendment, Kenneth Lasson
To Stimulate, Provoke, Or Incite? Hate Speech And The First Amendment, Kenneth Lasson
All Faculty Scholarship
If protecting freedom of speech is one of mankind's noblest pursuits, then restricting it is the most difficult. Yet limit we must: even the purest civil libertarian will concede that false shouts of fire cannot be countenanced nor broadcasts of wartime troop movements; even those who object to obscenity laws recognize the need for enabling redress of libel; and even those who would protect the right to be insulting do not defend inflammatory words spit out nose-to-nose. Now a spate of "speech codes" on college campuses has once again brought the first amendment to the fore, part of a simmering …
Some Words Are Injurious . . . Some Cause A Raging Storm, Kenneth Lasson
Some Words Are Injurious . . . Some Cause A Raging Storm, Kenneth Lasson
All Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Racial Defamation As Free Speech: Abusing The First Amendment, Kenneth Lasson
Racial Defamation As Free Speech: Abusing The First Amendment, Kenneth Lasson
All Faculty Scholarship
The traditional view of the first amendment's free speech guarantee as absolute, allowing few and narrow exceptions, reflects the Constitution's dedication to an open and unfettered exchange of ideas. Those thoughts that are abhorrent to a free society, the argument goes, will wither when aired but fester if suppressed. Moreover, who is to decide which ideas are offensive? The interests of the state may well be inferior to those of the people, the wisdom of public servants often suspect in quality and motivation. But freedom of speech is so precious and delicate a liberty it must be preserved at great …
In Defense Of Group-Libel Laws, Or Why The First Amendment Should Not Protect Nazis, Kenneth Lasson
In Defense Of Group-Libel Laws, Or Why The First Amendment Should Not Protect Nazis, Kenneth Lasson
All Faculty Scholarship
The author discusses group libel laws, and the underlying problems when free speech is used as a defense by those who would defame specific racial or ethnic groups and/or minorities. The topic is further explained in reference to various state laws, and the subsequent court cases extant at the time of the article's writing which defined the issue in terms of law. References are also made to such laws in countries other than the United States for the sake of comparison.