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Articles 1 - 30 of 66
Full-Text Articles in Law
White Parents Searching For White Public Schools, Ezra Rosser
White Parents Searching For White Public Schools, Ezra Rosser
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
The New White Flight makes two significant contributions to our understanding of race and education. First, it argues that white parents chose to send their children to segregated, disproportionately white schools. This choice is reflected in white residential preferences for areas where "pricing-out mechanisms" ensure that the local school is disproportionately white. (P. 254.) This racially-motivated choice holds "even when school quality is controlled for, meaning that whites tend to choose predominately white schools even when presented with the choice of a more integrated school that is of good academic quality." (P. 236.) Second, it shows how charter schools give …
Defending Government Tort Litigation: Considerations For Scholars, Paul F. Figley
Defending Government Tort Litigation: Considerations For Scholars, Paul F. Figley
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
I am honored by the invitation to participate in this symposium on “What Practitioners Can Teach Academics About Tort Litigation” and to share my views from the defense side of government tort litigation. I have a foot in each camp of the practitioner/academic divide. For three decades I defended the federal government in Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) litigation, serving for the last 15 of those years as Deputy Director of the FTCA Staff in the Civil Division of the U.S. Department of Justice. I worked with the FTCA and its jurisprudence on a daily basis—litigating cases, assessing and negotiating …
Fixing The Johnson Amendment Without Totally Destroying It, Benjamin Leff
Fixing The Johnson Amendment Without Totally Destroying It, Benjamin Leff
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
The so-called Johnson Amendment is that portion of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code that prohibits charities from "intervening" in electoral campaigns. The intervention has long been understood to include both contributing charitable funds to campaign coffers and communicating the charity's views about candidates' qualifications for office. The breadth of the Johnson Amendment potentially brings two important values into conflict: the government's interest in preventing tax-deductible contributions to be used for electoral purposes (called "nonsubvention") and the speech rights or interest of charities.
For many years, the IRS has taken the position that the Johnson Amendment's prohibition on electoral …
Structural Sensor Surveillance, Andrew Guthrie Ferguson
Structural Sensor Surveillance, Andrew Guthrie Ferguson
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
City infrastructure is getting smarter. Embedded smart sensors in roads, lampposts, and electrical grids offer the government a way to regulate municipal resources and the police a new power to monitor citizens. This structural sensor surveillance, however, raises a difficult constitutional question: Does the creation of continuously-recording, aggregated, long-term data collection systems violate the Fourth Amendment? After all, recent Supreme Court cases suggest that technologies that allow police to monitor location, reveal personal patterns, and track personal details for long periods of time are Fourth Amendment searches which require a probable cause warrant. This Article uses the innovation of smart …
State Interventions In Local Zoning, Ezra Rosser
State Interventions In Local Zoning, Ezra Rosser
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
In what has been described as an "emerging consensus" and pejoratively labeled an "elite liberaltarian consensus," there is growing scholarly recognition that land use overregulation is hurting the country by limiting the supply and increasing the price of housing. By highlighting state-level interventions that succeeded in checking local zoning authority, Professor Anika Lemar's article makes a valuable contribution to the fight against excessive zoning limitations.
Introduction A Bold Agenda For The Next Steps In Health Reform, Lindsay Wiley
Introduction A Bold Agenda For The Next Steps In Health Reform, Lindsay Wiley
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Introduction: In the aftermath of the largely failed Clinton-era health reform push and the build-up to Obamaera reforms, experts worried that another failed effort could cast a ten-year shadow. The tenth anniversary of the Affordable Care Act offered an opportunity for participants in the 2019 Next Steps in Health Reform conference to reflect. If the ACA proves resilient, what paths will it have paved for the next decade of reforms?
From The Editors, Ezra Rosser, Robert Dinerstein
From The Editors, Ezra Rosser, Robert Dinerstein
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Although this issue arrives on desks roughly two years after the start of the coronavirus pandemic, it offers a degree of continuity with our usual fare concerning scholarship about legal education. Our next double-length issue will explore in depth matters of teaching modality, technology, and change connected with the ongoing pandemic. This issue offers fresh perspectives on matters of long-standing concern-line drawing, pro bono requirements, pedagogy, law student instruction of high school students, and bar exams. We found the articles, as well as the three book reviews that fill out this issue, to be engaging and insightful and we hope …
Who's Afraid Of Section 1498? A Case For Government Patent Use In Pandemics And Other National Crisis, Charles Duan, Christopher J. Morten
Who's Afraid Of Section 1498? A Case For Government Patent Use In Pandemics And Other National Crisis, Charles Duan, Christopher J. Morten
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
COVID-19 has created pressing and widespread needs for vaccines, medical treatments, PPE, and other medical technologies, needs that may conflict--indeed, have already begun to conflict--with the exclusive rights conferred by United States patents. The U.S. government has a legal mechanism to overcome this conflict: government use of patented technologies at the cost of government paid compensation under 28 U. S.C. § 1498. But while many have recognized the theoretical possibility of government patent use under that statute, there is today conventional wisdom that § 1498 is too exceptional, unpredictable, and dramatic for practical use, to the point that it ought …
Debunking The Efficacy Of Standard Contract Boilerplate: Part I, David Spratt
Debunking The Efficacy Of Standard Contract Boilerplate: Part I, David Spratt
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Many contracts start with an introductory paragraph like this one: THIS AGREEMENT is made and entered into said 5th day of June, 2020, by and between JOHN JONES (hereinafter referred to as "Jones") and MARY SMITH (hereafter referred to as "Smith"), hereinafter referred to together as "the parties." Where do I find my red pen? There are so many problems with this introduction, I might run out of ink.
Shelter Mobility, And The Voucher Program, Ezra Rosser
Shelter Mobility, And The Voucher Program, Ezra Rosser
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
What is to be done about the poor and about poor neighborhoods? When it comes to housing policy, the current hope is that the Housing Choice Voucher Program (formerly the Section 8 Voucher Program) can provide an or ambitiously the answer to this perennial societal question. By piggybacking on the private rental market, the voucher program supposedly has numerous advantages over traditional, project-based, public housing. Not only is it less costly to house poor people in privately owned units compared to the cost of constructing and maintaining public housing, but the voucher program also offers the possibility of deconcentrating the …
The Current Anxiety About "Jd Advantage" Jobs: An Analysis, Susan Carle
The Current Anxiety About "Jd Advantage" Jobs: An Analysis, Susan Carle
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
No abstract provided.
Letter And Introduction: An Introduction By Angela J. Davis, Angela J. Davis
Letter And Introduction: An Introduction By Angela J. Davis, Angela J. Davis
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
No abstract provided.
Introduction, Angela J. Davis
Introduction, Angela J. Davis
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
An Introduction by Angela J. Davis Distinguished Professor of Law, American University Washington Collge of Law
The scourge of mass incarceration has plagued the United States for decades. With roughly 2.3 million people in federal and state prisons and close to 7 million people under some form of criminal justice control' in prison or jail or on probation and parole-this country maintains the unenviable status of having the highest incarceration rate in the world. Demands for reform have come in fits and starts, resulting in modest changes that have done little to reduce the number of people incarcerated or under …
Innovative Approaches To Diversion Data, Sean Flynn, Robin Olsen, Maggie Wolk
Innovative Approaches To Diversion Data, Sean Flynn, Robin Olsen, Maggie Wolk
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Prosecutors across the country are collecting and using data to make decisions in their offices. At the same time, prosecutors are interested in developing and sustaining prosecutorial diversion approaches. Prosecutors can use data to assist in decision-making regarding diversion case processing choices as well as to make office policy and resource allocation decisions that, in turn, support expanded diversion programs. Data collection can help prosecutors decide if a prosecutorial diversion program will work for them, and if so, what characteristics it should have. Finally, data can help prosecutors see whether they are obtaining their intended outcomes. Prosecutors possess varying levels …
Gene Patents, Drug Prices, And Scientific Research: Unexpected Effects Of Recently Proposed Patent Eligibility Legislation, Charles Duan
Gene Patents, Drug Prices, And Scientific Research: Unexpected Effects Of Recently Proposed Patent Eligibility Legislation, Charles Duan
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Recently, Congress has considered legislation to amend§ 101, a section of the Patent Act that the Supreme Court has held to prohibit patenting of laws of nature, natural phenomena, and abstract ideas. This draft legislation would expand the realm of patent-eligible subject matter, overturning the Court's precedents along the way. The draft legislation, and movement to change this doctrine of patent law, made substantial headway with a subcommittee of the Senate holding numerous roundtables and hearings on the subject.
This article considers some less-discussed consequences of that draft legislative proposal. The legislation likely opens the door to patenting of subject …
The Failure To Grapple With Racial Capitalism In European Constitutionalism, Jeffrey Miller
The Failure To Grapple With Racial Capitalism In European Constitutionalism, Jeffrey Miller
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Since the 1980s prominent scholars of European legal integration have used the example of U.S. constitutionalism to promote a federal vision for the European Community. These scholars, drawing lessons from developments across the Atlantic, concluded that the U.S. Supreme Court had played a key role in fostering national integration and market liberalization. They foresaw the possibility for the European Court of Justice (ECJ) to be a catalyst for a similar federal and constitutional outcome in Europe. The present contribution argues that the scholars who constructed today’s dominant European constitutional paradigm underemphasized key aspects of the U.S. constitutional experience, including judgments …
Worth The Effort?: Assessing The Khmer Rouge Tribunal, Diane Orentlicher
Worth The Effort?: Assessing The Khmer Rouge Tribunal, Diane Orentlicher
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Every international and hybrid war crimes court has attracted a measure of controversy, but none more than the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC). While myriad aspects of the ECCC’s record are crucial to its legacy, this article explores one question of overarching importance: whether its performance has justified a key risk the UN assumed when it agreed to support the court — that case selection would be improperly influenced by the Cambodian government. More particularly, it assesses the ECCC’s performance in light of two questions: How well have safeguards against political interference worked? Are survivors of Khmer …
Oligopoly Coordination, Economic Analysis, And The Prophylactic Role Of Horizontal Merger Enforcement, Jonathan Baker, Joseph Farrell
Oligopoly Coordination, Economic Analysis, And The Prophylactic Role Of Horizontal Merger Enforcement, Jonathan Baker, Joseph Farrell
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
This article takes a fresh look at a longstanding issue in antitrust economics and policy: the problem of oligopoly coordination. First, it explains why coordinated conduct in oligopoly markets is a serious problem and an appropriate concern of antitrust enforcement. It shows that empirical economic studies, experimental results, real-world examples, and economic theory do not support the claims of antitrust commentators and courts influenced by the Chicago school that coordination is unlikely absent express collusion and that express collusion itself is uncommon. Second, it clarifies that coordinated outcomes can arise both from “purposive” conduct, when firms attempt to develop a …
Of Monopolies And Monocultures: The Intersection Of Patents And National Security, Charles Duan
Of Monopolies And Monocultures: The Intersection Of Patents And National Security, Charles Duan
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
It was certainly an odd thing for the Department of Justice attorney arguing for the United States to appear before the Ninth Circuit to tell the appellate judges that a federal agency was wrong. This was what happened in a Federal Trade Commission enforcement action against Qualcomm Inc., a semiconductor technology company. As a substantial holder of patents on mobile communications technologies and also a leading manufacturer of chips used in that same industry, the FTC charged Qualcomm with anticompetitive conduct; the district court agreed and enjoined Qualcomm from certain patent licensing practices. It was that award of injunctive relief …
The Legal Scholar's Guide Book Reviews, Jamie Abrams
The Legal Scholar's Guide Book Reviews, Jamie Abrams
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Success in law school and in the legal profession often involves mastering and navigating the plethora of unwritten rules and norms that govern institutions and communities. Differences in access to those unwritten rules can privilege and advance some while disadvantaging others. A second-generation law student, for example, is far more likely to know about the professional value of law review than a first-generation law student. Law scholarship is particularly plagued by an insularity that can yield a problematic echo chamber within elite institutions and privileged communities. Thus, the more legal scholarship can be explicitly demystified, taught, and mentored, the more …
Copyright In The Texts Of The Law: Historical Perspectives, Charles Duan
Copyright In The Texts Of The Law: Historical Perspectives, Charles Duan
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Recently, state governments have begun to claim a copyright interest in their official published codes of law, in particular arguing that ancillary materials such as annotations to the statutory text are subject to state-held copyright protection because those materials are not binding commands that carry the force of law. Litigation over this issue and a vigorous policy debate are ongoing.
This article contributes a historical perspective to this ongoing debate over copyright in texts relating to the law. It reviews the history of government production and use of annotations, commentaries, legislative debates, and other related information relevant to the law …
Collective Criminality And Sexual Violence: Fixing A Failed Approach, Susana Sacouto
Collective Criminality And Sexual Violence: Fixing A Failed Approach, Susana Sacouto
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
International criminal tribunals have developed a number of legal theories designed to hold individuals responsible for their role in collective criminal conduct. These doctrines of criminal participation, known as modes of liability, are the subject of significant scholarly commentary. Yet missing from much of this debate, particularly as regards the International Criminal Court, has been an analysis of how current doctrine on modes of liability responds to the need to hold collective perpetrators criminally responsible for crimes of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Indeed, many writings in this area of the law address perceived shortcomings in the theoretical underpinnings of …
Recommendations And Comments On The Draft Vertical Merger Guidelines, Jonathan Baker, Nancy Rose, Steven Salop, Fiona Scott Morton
Recommendations And Comments On The Draft Vertical Merger Guidelines, Jonathan Baker, Nancy Rose, Steven Salop, Fiona Scott Morton
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
These recommendations and comments respond to the request by the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice’s Antitrust Division for public comment on the draft 2020 Vertical Merger Guidelines. We commend the agencies for updating the 1984 non-horizontal merger guidelines by recognizing the substantial advances in economic thinking about vertical mergers in the thirty-five years since those guidelines were issued. Our comments emphasize four issues: (i) the treatment of the elimination of double marginalization (“EDM”), particularly that the draft vertical merger guidelines appear inappropriately to make proof of cognizability part of the agencies burden and that they appear to …
Payments Failure, Hilary Allen
Payments Failure, Hilary Allen
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
The processing of retail payments has traditionally been the domain of regulated banks, but technologically sophisticated players like Venmo, AliPay, Bitcoin and Ripple (and potentially Facebook’s Libra) are making incursions into the market. Even within regulated banks, payments processing is becoming increasingly reliant on new technologies – JPMorgan Chase’s “JPMCoin” is just one example. However, limited attention has been paid to the new kinds of operational risks associated with these complex new methods of processing retail payments. This Article argues that technological failures at a payments provider (bank or non-bank) could be amplified in unexpected ways as they interact with …
Crash Goes Icann's Multistakeholder Model, Kathryn Kleiman
Crash Goes Icann's Multistakeholder Model, Kathryn Kleiman
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
In 1995, the Internet was becoming a global phenomenon and users needed "domain names"--the street signs of Internet addresses--for an array of commercial and noncommercial speech. A small community of "multistakeholders"--business, civil society, governments, technologists, intellectual property and non-government organization representations--began to write rules for Internet addresses largely on behalf of a global population that had yet to be connected to the Internet. I had the privilege of being part of that group. Since then, Internet use has skyrocketed from 70 million users (1.7% of the world population) in 1995 to over 4.5 billion users (58.8% of the world population) …
Emerging Challenges In The Relationship Between International Humanitarian Law And International Human Rights Law, Diego Rodriguez-Pinzon, Claudia Martin
Emerging Challenges In The Relationship Between International Humanitarian Law And International Human Rights Law, Diego Rodriguez-Pinzon, Claudia Martin
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
No abstract provided.
Sea Change: The Rising Tide Of Pro Bono Legal Services For The Creative Community, Victoria Phillips
Sea Change: The Rising Tide Of Pro Bono Legal Services For The Creative Community, Victoria Phillips
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
No abstract provided.
Nonexcludable Surgical Method Patents, Jonas Anderson
Nonexcludable Surgical Method Patents, Jonas Anderson
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
A patent consists of only one right: the right to exclude others from practicing the patented invention. However, one class of patents statutorily lacks the right to exclude direct infringers: surgical method patents are not enforceable against medical practitioners or health care facilities, which are the only realistic potential direct infringers of such patents. Despite this, inventors regularly file for (and receive) surgical method patents. Why would anyone incur the expense (more than $20,000 on average) of acquiring a patent on a surgical method if that patent cannot be used to keep people from using the patent?
The traditional answer …
U.S. Regulation Of Blockchain Currencies: A Policy Overview, Heather Hughes
U.S. Regulation Of Blockchain Currencies: A Policy Overview, Heather Hughes
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
No abstract provided.
Making The Second Pandemic: The Eviction Tsunami, Small Landlords, And The Preservation Of “Naturally Occurring Affordable Housing", Susan Bennett
Making The Second Pandemic: The Eviction Tsunami, Small Landlords, And The Preservation Of “Naturally Occurring Affordable Housing", Susan Bennett
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
No abstract provided.