Law Commons^™

Astroturf Activism, Melissa J. Durkee

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Corporate influence in government is more than a national issue; it is an international phenomenon. For years, businesses have been infiltrating international legal processes. They secretly lobby lawmakers through front groups: “astroturf” imitations of grassroots organizations. But because this business lobbying is covert, it has been underappreciated in both the literature and the law. This Article unearths the “astroturf activism” phenomenon. It offers an original descriptive account that classifies modes of business access to international officials and identifies harms, then develops a critical analysis of the laws that regulate this access. I show that the perplexing set of access rules …

Going Paperless And Beyond: Attorney's Guide To A Mobile Law Practice, Eliza Boles

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As part of a larger Continuing Legal Education Seminar, the materials herein cover "Supporting Your Mobile Law Office: What You Ned to Practice Law on the Go" and "The Best Apps, Tools and Tricks for the Mobile Attorney."

A More Charitable Charity: Administrative Necessity Provides An Opportunity To Promote Altruism In Charities, Eric Franklin Amarante

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The law of charities governs an absurdly wide-ranging field of organizations. A small group of antiquated statutes purport to govern a diversity of entities that range from hospitals worth millions of dollars to purely volunteer-run organizations that provide free childcare. Perhaps due to a lack of any coherent guiding principle driving these laws, many tax-exempt organizations do not comport with the general public’s idea of charity. An intuitive definition of charity relies upon a lack of self-regard. In other words, charity requires some level of altruism. But many charities pay lavish salaries and some are major players in the crass …

Beyond Elite Law: Editors' Preface, Joy Radice

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We are justly proud of the American legal system and the lawyers and judges who make it work. Our system, to the envy of much of the world, takes law seriously, aspires to reduce the gap between the law on the books and the law as lived, and strives to subject all within its remit to the rule of law. And yet, it remains, at its core, a system of elite law largely for the elite.

We are all engaged in elite law, whether as lawyers or academics. Each year, the law schools produce eager, bright graduates ready to provide …

The Rico Trend In Class Action Warfare, Briana Lynn Rosenbaum

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Aggregate litigation, including class actions and mass actions, have been under attack for decades. Recent Supreme Court cases have further weakened class actions, and the current Congress is considering numerous aggregate litigation and tort reform efforts. Recently, defendants in aggregate litigation have employed an additional tactic by filing civil RICO cases against plaintiffs’ counsel. In a number of these cases, defendants’ primarily allegation is that plaintiffs’ counsel are fraudulently inflating the value of lawsuits by filing baseless lawsuits as part of aggregate litigation. In some of these cases, the predicate acts consist solely of litigation filings: the filing of complaints …

(Not) Holding Firms Criminally Responsible For The Reckless Insider Trading Of Their Employees, Joan Macleod Heminway

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Criminal enforcement of the insider trading prohibitions under Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 is the root of corporate criminal liability for insider trading in the United States. In the wake of assertions that S.A.C. Capital Advisors, L.P. actively encouraged the unlawful use of material nonpublic information in the conduct of its business, the line between employer and employee criminal liability for insider trading becomes both tenuous and salient. An essential question emerges: when do we criminally prosecute the firm for the unlawful conduct of its employees?

The possibility that reckless employee conduct may result in the employer's willful violation of …

Experiencing Experiential Education: A Faculty-Student Perspective On The University Of Tennessee College Of Law's Adventure In Access To Justice Author, Robert C. Blitt

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This article functions both as a brief history lesson in experiential education and as a case study of an experiential course entitled “Human Rights Practicum” offered at the University of Tennessee College of Law in 2015. After briefly discussing historical and current trends in law school reform, including the rise of experiential education within the law school curriculum and the role played by technology in this context, the article turns to explore the impetus for the Human Rights Practicum, its development and implementation, as well as the software technology used to develop its final work product, a web-based “guided interview” …

Oral Advocacy And Vocal Fry: The Unseemly, Sexist Side Of Nonverbal Persuasion, Michael J. Higdon

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In 2015, Naomi Wolf warned that "the most empowered generation of women ever — today’s twentysomethings in North America and Britain — is being hobbled in some important ways by something as basic as a new fashion in how they use their voices." She was referring to the phenomenon referred to as "vocal fry" — a speech quality in which the speaker lowers her natural pitch and produces a "creaking" sound as she talks. Naomi Wolf is not alone in her warnings; vocal fry has received quite a bit of negative attention recently. Specifically, these critics warn that those who …

Furthering The Fiduciary Metaphor: The Duty Of Providers To The Payers Of Medicare, Isaac ("Zack") D. Buck

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Five years and two near-death experiences later, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) has restructured the delivery of American health care. It has provided coverage to millions of Americans who previously did not have it, outlawed discrimination in the insurance marketplace, and armed the patient with consumer-based tools to streamline their care. Its positive impact is being seen throughout the country. But it can only go so far. Separate from the goal of providing access, the most daunting challenge facing American health care, and particularly, Medicare, is controlling expenditures and utilization in an era of unprecedented …

Good Ole Rocky Top: Rocky Top Tennessee, Brian Krumm

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No abstract provided.

Nudging Entrepreneurs Into Noncompliance: Why Does Nevada Have So Many Benefit Corporations? [Blog Post], Eric Franklin Amarante

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Despite the fact that there were about three times as many businesses formed in Delaware than in Nevada in 2014, Nevada had more than four times the number of benefit corporation formations. What accounts for this discrepancy? Are Nevada entrepreneurs particularly socially conscious? Does Nevada law provide more protection for businesses that look beyond the bottom line? Has the "Delaware of the West" moniker begun to take hold among the entrepreneurs interested in corporate social responsibility?

It turns out that the answer is much more mundane. The startling number of benefit corporations formed in Nevada is due to the Nevada …

Looking Ahead: October Term 2016, Glenn Harlan Reynolds

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This essay looks at leading cases set for the Supreme Court's next term, at some cases the Supreme Court chose not to hear, and at other events, such as a possible recusal by Justice Ginsburg in a disputed election case, that may set the agenda for the coming term. In addition, it looks at the diminished role of the United States Supreme Court as an appellate body in relation to the Courts of Appeal and the state courts.

Big Data And Competition Policy, Maurice Stucke, Allen Grunes

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From the Publisher: Big Data and Big Analytics are a big deal today. Big Data is playing a pivotal role in many companies' strategic decision-making. Companies are striving to acquire a 'data advantage' over rivals. Data-driven mergers are increasing. These data-driven business strategies and mergers raise significant implications for privacy, consumer protection and competition law. At the same time, European and United States' competition authorities are beginning to consider the implications of a data-driven economy on competition policy. In 2015, the European Commission launched a competition inquiry into the e-commerce sector and issued a statement of objections in its Google …

Attorneys, Document Discovery, And Discipline, Paula Schaefer

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Despite the growing use of sanctions and recent amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure aimed at improving discovery practice, many lawyers continue to play fast and loose with the rules of discovery governing (paper and electronic) documents. Nonetheless, most lawyers never face discipline for their discovery misconduct. This article argues that federal courts could make more effective use of attorney discipline systems to improve document discovery in civil cases.

What will be effective depends on why discovery misconduct occurs. There are multiple reasons why lawyers may engage in such misconduct – from ignorance of the rules to intentional, …

Of Coups And The Constitution, Glenn Harlan Reynolds

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Military coups d'etat are a relatively common means of government turnover in many countries, but not in the United States. This paper looks at a number of factors in the United States' Constitution and political culture that make military coups less likely, as well as at some changes in both that may reduce the degree of protection. It also offers some suggestions on how to ensure that America's coup-resistance remains strong.

Is Your Digital Assistant Devious?, Maurice Stucke

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Who wouldn’t want a personal butler? Technological developments have moved us closer to that dream. The rise of digital personal assistants has already changed the way we shop, interact and surf the web. Technological developments and artificial intelligence are likely to further accelerate this trend. Indeed, all of the leading online platforms are currently investing in this technology. Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, Facebook’s M, and Google Assistant can quickly provide us with information, if we so desire, and anticipate and fulfill certain needs and requests. Yet, could they also reduce our welfare? Could they limit competition and transfer our wealth …

Managing Third-Party Platform Litigation Risk In Crowdfunding: Terms, Pricing, And Reputation, Joan Macleod Heminway

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Third-party platforms, intermediaries in the financing proposition offered by crowdfunding, assume various risks in undertaking that intermediation role, including the risk that legal actions may be brought against them by those seeking funding and the funders they attract. This litigation risk undoubtedly affects the terms of the services provided by third-party platforms, including platform terms of use and the pricing of platform services. Moreover, the reputation of a platform may impact and be impacted by litigation risk.

Untangling these factors and assessing their interaction will involve multiple studies over an extended period of time. This paper begins that process by …

Crowdfunding And The Public/Private Divide In U.S. Securities Regulation, Joan Macleod Heminway

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Conceptions of publicness and privateness have been central to U.S. federal securities regulation since its inception. The regulatory boundary between public offerings and private placement transactions is a basic building block among the varied legal aspects of corporate finance. Along the same lines, the distinction between public companies and private companies is fundamental to U.S. federal securities regulation.

The CROWDFUND Act, Title III of the JOBS Act, adds a new exemption from registration to the the Securities Act of 1933. In the process, the CROWDFUND Act also creates a new type of financial intermediary regulated under the Securities Exchange Act …

Four Big Pictures Trends To Watch In A Roiling Market, Benjamin H. Barton

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No abstract provided.

The Preliminary Injunction Standard In Diversity: A Typical Unguided Erie Choice, David E. Shipley

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The standard for granting preliminary injunctions in some states is not the same as the preliminary injunction standard that is followed in the federal district courts in the federal circuit where the state is located. For example, the interlocutory injunction standard in Georgia’s superior courts is not as demanding as the preliminary injunction standard in Georgia’s federal courts. Although state and federal courts in Georgia consider four similar factors in deciding whether to grant or deny provisional injunctive relief, a balancing or sliding scale approach can be used in Georgia’s courts; the moving party need not prove all four of …

Banks: A Broken Social Contract, Mehrsa Baradaran

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This article explores how how the Financial Crisis of 2008 affected the banking industry and brought three specific problems: The first was that the banks and non‐bank financial institutions created due to deregulation were huge, interconnected, and highly leveraged; Second, the panic started in the “shadow banking” sector and showed that the short‐term credit transactions and derivatives that non‐bank financial institutions traded and used for funding for years were similar to banking, and thus prone to runs; and Third, the entire premise of deregulation rested on an assumption that individual firms and market players could accurately calculate and manage risks, …

Posthumous Organ Donation As Prisoner Agency And Rehabilitation, Amanda Seals Bersinger, Lisa Milot

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Unlike U.S. citizens generally, who are encouraged to become organ donors through drivers' license designations, advance directives, and state registries, in most instances inmates are barred from donating their organs until release.

To date, the scholarship in favor of allowing inmates to donate their organs has largely focused on the benefit these donations could offer patients languishing on organ transplant lists, while objections center on the vulnerability of the imprisoned potential donors and their inability to make decisions freely. A donor-focused case for donation, however, is missing in this debate. This Article fills that gap by setting out the philosophical …

The Stars You Meet Along The Way - The Top 99 Presentation Dynamics Which Will Be Engraved In Your Memory (For The Wrong Reasons) (Special 2017 Edition), Maurice Stucke

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This empirical study aims to catalogue 99 dynamics one is likely to observe in leading conferences, whatever the scholarly field. Our taxonomy employs a qualitative standard to identify 99 core irritants – also known as the ‘spirit breakers’ – that are likely to lead you to question why you ever agreed to attend the conference. We acknowledge our study’s limitations. While some speakers may be clearly identified as fitting one or more of these classes, others may only exhibit limited traits. No doubt categories can be further refined. Further research and analysis are required. Still, the study, in its present …

Comin' Through The Rye: A Requiem For The Tennessee Summary Judgment Standard, Judy Cornett

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No abstract provided.

Of Mice And Men: On The Seclusion Of Immigration Detainees And Hospital Patients, Stacey A. Tovino

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With a special focus on federal provisions strictly regulating Medicare-participating hospitals' use of seclusion, this Article uses developments in health law as a lens through which the uses and abuses of seclusion in immigration detention centers might be assessed and through which the standards governing detention centers might be improved. In particular, this Article argues that the unenforceable standards governing seclusion in immigration detention, including the most recent version of ICE's Performance-Based National Detention Standards, were incorrectly modeled on correctional standards developed for use in jails and prisons with respect to convicted criminals. This Article asserts that correctional standards are …

Against Administrative Judges, Kent H. Barnett

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The single largest cadre of federal adjudicators goes largely ignored by scholars, policymakers, courts, and even litigating parties. These Administrative Judges or “AJs,” often confused with well-known federal Administrative Law Judges or “ALJs,” operate by the thousands in numerous federal agencies. Yet unlike ALJs, the significantly more numerous AJs preside over less formal hearings and have no significant statutory protections to preserve their impartiality. The national press has recently called attention to the alleged unfairness of certain ALJ proceedings, and regulated parties have successfully enjoined agencies’ use of ALJs. While fixes are necessary for ALJ adjudication, any solution that ignores …

What Is (And Isn't) Healthism, Jessica L. Roberts, Elizabeth Weeks Leonard

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What does it mean to discriminate on the basis of health status? Health is, of course, relevant in a number of ways. It can speak to the length of our lives, our ability to perform mentally and physically, our need for health care, and our risk of injury and incapacity. But the mere relevance of a particular attribute does mean that considering it should be legally permissible. Moreover, the potential harms that may result from health-status discrimination raise important moral questions. This Essay explores when differentiating on the basis of health is socially acceptable and, by contrast, when it is …

California Fair Trade: Antitrust And The Politics Of “Fairness” In U.S. Competition Policy, Laura Phillips Sawyer

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In the decades before World War II, U.S. antitrust law was anything but settled. Considerable pressure for antitrust revision came from the states. A perhaps unlikely leader, Edna Gleason, organized California’s retail pharmacists and coordinated trade networks to monitor and enforce Resale Price Maintenance (RPM) contracts, a system of price-fixing, then known as “fair trade.” Progressive jurists, including Louis Brandeis and institutional economist E. R. A. Seligman, supported RPM as a protection to independent proprietors. The breakdown of legal and economic consensus regarding what constituted “unfair competition” allowed businesspeople to act as intermediaries between heterodox economic thought and contested antitrust …

Leading The Future: Symposium On Professional Leadership Education: Foreword, Douglas A. Blaze

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No abstract provided.

Overtreatment And Informed Consent: A Fraud-Based Solution To Unwanted And Unnecessary Care, Isaac ("Zack") D. Buck

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According to multiple accounts, the administration of American health care results in as much as $800 billion in wasted spending due largely to the provision of overly expensive, inefficient, and unnecessary services. Beyond inflicting fiscal pain on the nation’s pocketbook, this waste has no clinical benefit — and often results in unnecessary hospital stays, cascading follow-up procedures, and time-wasting inconvenience for American patients. But aside from the mere annoyance of unnecessary care, the administration of overtreatment — that is, unnecessary care in and of itself — causes harm to the patient. Excessive care is deficient care. Unnecessary care risks potential …