Law Commons^™

Preserving Open Lands: Local Zoning And Financing Authority Work Together, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

State governments vest great authority in local governments to decide how and where private development shall occur, and in the alternative, where to preserve open land. The New York state legislature recognizes the importance of protecting open lands, and as such, has created several laws to facilitate local municipal action. Several methods exist that municipal government may use to accomplish this goal and this article provides several examples. For instance, the New York Court of Appeals, in the case of Bonnie Briar Syndicate, Inc. v. Town of Mamaroneck, held that a local zoning ordinance, which rezoned a large area for …

Wilderness No More: Alaska As The New "Offshore" Trust Jurisdiction, Bridget J. Crawford

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Alaska has made two sweeping reforms to its trust laws in an effort to position itself as the most sophisticated "offshore" trust jurisdiction for wealthy U.S. citizens and non-U.S. persons holding substantial U.S. property or stock. This article describes Alaska's departure from the venerated (if misinterpreted) rule against perpetuities and illustrates how the new Alaska law effectively allows taxpayers to make their own decision about the level at which a trust will be taxed. This article also details Alaska's approach to self-settled spendthrift trusts. In certain circumstances, an existing or future creditor will be prevented from satisfying a claim out …

Land Use Development: Proper Planning Creates Smart Growth, Prevents Sprawl, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The proliferation of sprawl development patterns across the United States causes several problems such as degradation of forests, farmland, and natural resources, plus the declining health of central cities. Sprawl is a well-documented phenomenon among environmentalists, politicians, taxpayers, and others. Many alternative “smart growth” solutions exist to mitigate the damages of sprawl. Government focus on more restrained development patterns such as traditional urban neighborhoods, and other solutions exist, and are waiting to be implemented. This article reviews municipal efforts in New York in the application of comprehensive smart growth methods

Mediation As A Tool In Local Environmental And Land Use Controversies, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This article dedicates itself to highlighting the benefits of alternative dispute resolution. Through the use of mediation and other flexible alternative dispute resolution methods, many conflicts can be resolved without the use of expensive and timely litigation. In turn, court workloads are relieved and cooperation is fostered among neighbors, companies, and other groups or organizations that would have otherwise resorted to litigation to solve a dispute. Negotiations that involve process experts, such as mediators and facilitators, often diffuse disputes by introducing a cooperative, rather than an adversarial attitude. Government is beginning to embrace alternative dispute resolution and legislatures are passing …

Regulatory Takings: Analyzing Governmental Invasions Of Private Property Rights, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The complicated arena of takings jurisprudence has confused lawyers, scholars, and courts for well over a century. Generally, a taking is deemed to have occurred when a governmental body takes a property right away from a private individual without providing just compensation. However, courts are unlikely to find that a regulation constitutes a taking if the regulation benefits the greater good of the public. Takings come in several varieties, most notably, “invasions” which include physical occupation and “total takings”, which deprive landowners of all economic value of their property. This article discusses how takings law has evolved into its present …

Intermunicipal Compacts; Regional Land Use Strategies Work At The Grassroots Level, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Regional land use control has long been a difficult issue in New York as most localities refuse to acknowledge responsibility for problems extending beyond their own borders. New York law enables municipalities to cooperate among one another to devise improved solutions to land use, and other issues. This article studies the state history of regional land use and provides several successful examples of how grassroots regionalism can change the way municipal governments think about land use and solve problems.

Selected Estate Planning Strategies For Persons With Less Than $3 Million, Bridget J. Crawford

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Individuals in the “modest” wealth category face special hurdles in estate planning. This article assumes that the “modest” wealth category includes individuals whose net worth exceeds the amount that may be protected by the unified credit (for 1999, the equivalent of $650,000 and herein referred to as the “estate tax exemption,” the “gift tax exemption” or the “applicable exemption amount”), but does not exceed approximately $3 million. In general, people of modest wealth cannot easily afford to give up significant amounts of wealth during lifetime to achieve estate planning goals, although the lifetime transfer of wealth is one of the …

Taking Control Of Technology: What Small Firm Decision Makers Need To Know, Gary A. Munneke

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

For firms that want to take control of their technology, the first question to ask is what applications does the office need? This question should precede debates about what hardware and software to acquire, because the choice of applications will drive the choice of products. To start anywhere else is to allow the tail to wag the dog.

The Sound Of Silence: The Supreme Court And The Second Amendment - A Response To Professor Kopel, David S. Yassky

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Until now, the revisionists have based their argument entirely on claims about the intentions of those who framed and ratified the Second Amendment. Revisionists have heretofore conceded that the courts have rejected their approach; indeed, the basic structure of the revisionist argument has been: The Founders intended an individual right to firearm possession; the courts (abetted by the academy) have all but nullified the Amendment by treating it as a mere safeguard for militia; the courts should recognize their error and strike down gun control laws.

With his latest contribution, David Kopel seeks to open a second front in the …

The National Association Of Honest Lawyers: An Essay On Honesty, "Lawyer Honesty" And Public Trust In The Legal System, John A. Humbach

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The growing public disquiet about lawyer ethics is not mainly because people think lawyers neglect their professional standards. Rather, the main problem is the belief among lawyers that the duty of loyalty to clients requires a lawyer to mislead. Specifically, the ethical duty of confidentiality and the ethical duty of zealous advocacy are interpreted together to mean that lawyers must conceal some facts (‘confidentiality‘) while forcefully asserting others. This mis-coupling of these two key ethical duties has an inevitable tendency to produce a kind of partial-truth advocacy in which the lawyer knowingly distracts attention from the truth and fosters misconceptions …

Grassroots Regionalism Through Intermunicipal Land Use Compacts, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The question raised by this article is whether these statutes and this experience provide an opportunity to develop an effective regional approach fitted to the great diversity of New York's regions. It examines first the role local governments play in determining land use and then the statutes that authorize municipalities to cooperate with respect to land use planning and control. The article traces the use of this authority through two phases of evolution revealing ever more complex and potentially effective intermunicipal strategies. It ends with some thoughts as to how the state government could facilitate effective regional processes by providing …

Review Of "Trying Cases: A Life In The Law" By Haliburtan Fales Ii, Jay C. Carlisle

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Human Rights And Non-State Actors, Thomas Michael Mcdonnell

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Rethinking Genocidal Intent: The Case For A Knowledge-Based Interpretation, Alexander K.A. Greenawalt

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

From its initial codification in the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide to its most recent inclusion in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the international crime of genocide has been defined as involving an "intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such." The predominant interpetation of this language views genocide as a crime of "specific" or "special" intent, in which the perpetrator deliberately seeks the whole or partial destruction of a protected group. This Note pursues an alternate approach. Relying on both the history of …

Lawyers, Accountants, And The Battle To Own Professional Services, Gary A. Munneke

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Competition between lawyers and accountants is not a new concept. At various times during the past century, these two professions have clashed over the scope and definition of their respective services. Lawyers traditionally have relied upon a professional monopoly to provide “legal” services as a device to exclude nonlawyers from the practice of law. Supported by statutes in many jurisdictions making the unauthorized practice of law a criminal offense and ethics rules prohibiting lawyers from assisting in the unauthorized practice of law, lawyers have always been able to identify some inner sanctum of professional services that only they could handle. …

A Nightmare On Main Street (Part Mxl): Freddie Joins An Accounting Firm, Gary A. Munneke

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The subject of multidisciplinary practice (“MDP”) has intrigued me for well over a decade. The topic has led me into new areas of research, and sometimes into the cross hairs of colleagues in the legal profession. My views have not always represented the mainstream of thinking among lawyers, and that is reflected in the title of my talk today: “A Nightmare on Main Street (Part MXL): Freddie Joins an Accounting Firm.”

Discrimination In The Laws Of Information Warfare, Mark R. Shulman

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Synopsis Of The Report Of The Second Circuit Task Force On Gender, Racial And Ethnic Fairness In The Courts, Jay C. Carlisle

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The recent Report of the Second Circuit Task Force on Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Fairness in the Courts (‘Taskforce‘) observes “some biased conduct toward parties and witnesses based on gender or race or ethnicity has occurred on the part of both judges and lawyers.” “Biased conduct toward lawyers based on gender or race or ethnicity, has occurred to a greater degree.” The Report concludes that such conduct is unacceptable and admonishes all participants in the Second Circuit courts to guard against it. The purpose of this Perspective is to review several sections of the Report. The Perspective is written from …

Gwaltney Of Smithfield Revisited, Ann Powers

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This article returns to the earlier Gwaltney decision, looking both to the text of the Gwaltney opinion, and to internal memoranda demonstrating the debate which occurred among the justices themselves over the nature of the beast with which they were dealing: a confusing mixture of subject matter jurisdiction, substantive cause of action and constitutionally based standing requirements. This review leads to the conclusion that the opinion's lack of analytical clarity, which created substantial confusion for courts and litigants, could have been avoided by a more carefully reasoned work based on the Court's internal discussions. Further, the Court's decision in Steel …

Nastygram Federalism: A Look At Federal Self-Audit Policy, David N. Cassuto

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This Article examines the evolution of EPA's audit policy, explores the reasons for states' dissatisfaction with it, and then discusses whether the federal policy should have been issued as a rule under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). Part I examines the evolution of the federal audit policy and then analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the policy in its current form. Part II explores various types of evidentiary privilege and looks at the arguments for and against extending the privilege to audit reports. It then offers a similar analysis of the case for limited immunity, concluding that neither an expanded …

Evaluation Criteria And Quality Control For Legal Knowledge Systems On The Internet: A Case Study, Marie Stefanini Newman

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Professor Newman discusses evaluation criteria for law-oriented Internet sites and how to use these criteria when launching new sites or improving existing sites. She also discusses the use of quality control procedures to ensure accuracy and reliability in Internet sites, and concludes with a case study of the Pace University School of Law's Web site on the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG).

Health Care Access For Children With Disabilities, Linda C. Fentiman

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

In the last twenty-five years, we have seen a remarkable evolution in attitudes and practice toward the treatment of children with disabilities. Children born with severe physical and mental anomalies are no longer routinely allowed to die. Many such children, along with those who become disabled later in childhood through illness or injury, receive aggressive life-saving medical treatment as well as continuing medical and habilitative care. Some children, particularly those whose families are affluent, receive substantial therapeutic and other supportive services that permit them to overcome their disabilities and function effectively in school and, later, at work.

Estate And Gift Tax Effects Of Selling A Remainder: Have D'Ambrosio, Wheeler And Magnin Changed The Rules?, Ronald H. Jensen

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This article traces the evolving judicial interpretation of the “adequate and full consideration” exclusion found in section 2036. Part III examines the proper application of the “adequate and full consideration” exclusion to simple sales of remainders such as those involved in D'Ambrosio and Wheeler and concludes that the holdings in those cases are indisputably correct. It then analyzes the possible planning opportunities these decisions offer, particularly in light of section 2702. Part IV examines the effect of the D'Ambrosio trilogy on spousal elections. This Part outlines the potential gift and estate tax savings this device affords and then considers how …

Proving The Lie: Litigating Police Credibility, David N. Dorfman

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This essay proposes a wider scope for a somewhat timeworn discussion-specifically, that police mendacity and the need to deter this form of police misconduct go to the very heart of our criminal justice system and the need for trust in government and its processes, which search and seizure law and practice is only a small part. Being only a part of a much larger systemic societal problem, tinkering with search and seizure law and process alone will not heighten the police witness' respect for the oath.

When Justice Fails: Indemnification For Unjust Conviction, Adele Bernhard

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.