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The Apparent Manufacturer Doctrine, Trademark Licensors And The Third Restatement Of Torts, David Franklyn

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In this Article, I argue that trademark licensors should be subjected to liability under the apparent manufacturer doctrine in two situations: (1) when a licensor induces consumers to believe the licensor manufactured the product, or (2) when a licensor induces consumers to believe that the licensor controlled the standards or specifications for manufacturing the product. Under either prong of the proposed test, a plaintiff would be required to show that a reasonable consumer of the licensed product would have relied on the trademark in the requisite manner. Once the plaintiff makes this showing, courts would then presume that the actual …