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Articles 1 - 30 of 37
Full-Text Articles in Law
Reflections On Regional Human Rights Law, Gabriel M. Wilner
Reflections On Regional Human Rights Law, Gabriel M. Wilner
Scholarly Works
The principal purpose of the Colloquium, as can be seen from the great attention given to the papers presented by the second panel, was to discuss the uses of customary international human rights law in the defense of human rights before national courts. More generally, these discussions focused on the effectiveness of customary international human rights rules in influencing legislative and policy-making, administrative decisions and, particularly, judicial adjudication, at international and national levels. The initial and wider question of the feasibility of using custom as a source of human rights rules formed the underlying aspects of the debates in the …
Sources Of International Law, Louis B. Sohn
Sources Of International Law, Louis B. Sohn
Scholarly Works
To summarize, States can agree on international law begin made in any way they wish. Once they agree on a method, the matter is over. As I have pointed out, every few y ears we invent a new method; there is no end to ingenuity of human beings. by the year 2000, there might be one or two more methods. We are still applying the 19th century rule that international law is made by the community of states, but in every generation the community has been able to invent new methods for crystallizing international law. We finally have accepted the …
Original Intent And Article Iii, Michael L. Wells, Edward J. Larson
Original Intent And Article Iii, Michael L. Wells, Edward J. Larson
Scholarly Works
Article III of the United States Constitution sets limits on the ability of the legislature to expand or contract the jurisdiction of the federal courts. The Supreme Court has generally held that Article III's restraints on the power of the legislature to restrict the jurisdiction of the federal courts are few and extremely permissive. Many scholars, however, argue that Article III imposes some strong limitations on the legislature's ability to define federal jurisdiction. Strangely, both sides of the debate rely on originalist arguments. This Article argues that reliance on the Framers' intent to resolve issues of federal courts law is …
The Georgia Death Penalty Habeas Corpus Reform Act Of 1995, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
The Georgia Death Penalty Habeas Corpus Reform Act Of 1995, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Scholarly Works
On April 10, 1995, Gov. Zell Miller signed into law Georgia's Death Penalty Habeas Corpus Reform Act of 1995. The Act is premised upon the following findings and determinations of the General Assembly: that through direct appeal, sentence review, and habeas corpus the state now provides persons sentenced to death "adequate opportunities" to assert their constitutional rights; that habeas corpus proceedings should not be used by persons sentenced to death "solely as a delaying tactic under the guise of asserting rights;" and that "strict compliance" with habeas corpus procedures "will prevent the waste of limited resources and will eliminate unnecessary …
Commerce Clause Restraints On State Taxation After Jefferson Lines, Walter Hellerstein, Michael J. Mcintyre, Richard D. Pomp
Commerce Clause Restraints On State Taxation After Jefferson Lines, Walter Hellerstein, Michael J. Mcintyre, Richard D. Pomp
Scholarly Works
The Supreme Court's 1977 decision in Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady signaled a paradigmatic shift in the Court's approach to state tax adjudication under the dormant Commerce Clause. In Complete Auto, the Court repudiated the formalistic school of interpretation that once had governed Commerce Clause analysis of state taxation because it bore ‘no relationship to economic realities.’ In its place, the Court embraced a decisional framework that ‘considered not the formal language of the tax statute but rather its practical effect.’ In furtherance of this objective, the Court suggested a four-part test to guide the constitutional analysis of state …
Customary (And Not So Customary) International Environmental Law, Daniel M. Bodansky
Customary (And Not So Customary) International Environmental Law, Daniel M. Bodansky
Scholarly Works
In this article, Professor Bodansky examines the creation and importance of customary international law. He suggests that the debate over the legal status of any given norm may be misplaced. Instead, he suggests that international lawmakers should spend their time and energy incorporating norms, regardless of their true status, into "concrete treaties and actions." The author begins his discussion by providing a working definition of customary international law. He asserts that such law can be based not just on uniformities of state behavior, as is traditionally held, but also on regularities in behavior. Thus, customary international law can be formed …
Idealism And The Individual Woman: Reading Bessie Head's A Question Of Power, Paul J. Heald
Idealism And The Individual Woman: Reading Bessie Head's A Question Of Power, Paul J. Heald
Scholarly Works
In A Question of Power, South African exile Bessie Head graphically illustrates the relevance of gender difference to religion, political philosophy, and human rights. At first glance, the novel is a startling interior view of the psychosis that can result from constant alienation. The madness so painfully described, however, is portrayed as specific to women. And the road from madness -- the rejection of idealism, the rejection of universalism, and the rejection of power -- carries an important message to those seeking to understand the various feminist perspectives on human rights and spirituality. In Head's view, the recognition of …
From Legal Transplants To Legal Formats, Alan Watson
From Legal Transplants To Legal Formats, Alan Watson
Scholarly Works
Most of the time rulers and governments in the Western world as a whole were little interested in making private law. Instead, the task devolved upon some group of the legal elite who became in effect subordinate law makers without having been given power to make law. Thus, Roman jurists as such were private individuals with no ties to government: they made law when their opinions came to win approval from other jurists. English judges in the Middle-Ages and later were appointed to decide cases: the tradition long was that they found the law but did not make it. Continental …
Balancing Federalism And Free Markets: Toward Renewed Antitrust Policing, Privatization, Or A "State Supervision" Screen For Municipal Market Participant Conduct, James Ponsoldt
Scholarly Works
The past decade has witnessed an historic rejection of state control of markets in eastern Europe. Expansion of domestic antitrust immunity policy toward municipal businesses based upon federalism concerns, however, which occurred during the same period, has fostered autonomous governmental control of markets. The judicial application of the Parker doctrine to local government has tended to contradict the premise underlying several generations of U.S. foreign policy designed to support emerging competitive market economies outside the country. Academic analysis of the Parker doctrine during the 1980s was heated and creative. A number of commentators, with varying viewpoints, have addressed the bases …
Positivism And Antipositivism In Federal Courts Law, Michael Wells
Positivism And Antipositivism In Federal Courts Law, Michael Wells
Scholarly Works
What is the proper role of rules in federal courts law? Some scholars associated with the Legal Process assert that rules are unimportant here. They believe that the values of principled adjudication and reasoned elaboration should take precedence over the making and application of rules. The area is, in the jargon of jurisprudence, "antipositivist." Others maintain that rules do, or at any rate should, count heavily in federal courts' decisionmaking. In this Article, I argue that Legal Process scholars are right to spurn formalism in most parts of federal courts law. But the Legal Process model of federal courts law …
Lawyers As Exchange Engineers In Commerce: An Empirical Overview, Sandra M. Huszagh, Fredrick W. Huszagh
Lawyers As Exchange Engineers In Commerce: An Empirical Overview, Sandra M. Huszagh, Fredrick W. Huszagh
Scholarly Works
This article empirical explores the exchange relationship between lawyers and their clients with particular attention on the variables of experience and practice specialty. The lawyers' perceptions of client relationships are preliminarily analyzed in terms of their discrete or relational properties and their distribution within experience segments within the firm. Enriched understanding of these matters can assist both lawyers and their clients in crafting more efficient and effective exchange relationships here viewed as critical to commercial activities.
The Role Of The United Nations In The Maintenance Of Peace Before And After The Year Two Thousand, Gabriel M. Wilner, Karri Palmetier, Richard Bilder, Jordan Paust, Larry D. Johnson, William Clontz, Louis B. Sohn, Frederic Kirgis, Danilo Türk, Josef Rohlik, T.P. Sreenivasan, John A. Macinnis, Raymond Sommereyns, Winston Tubman, Ramu Damodaran, Sean Murphy
The Role Of The United Nations In The Maintenance Of Peace Before And After The Year Two Thousand, Gabriel M. Wilner, Karri Palmetier, Richard Bilder, Jordan Paust, Larry D. Johnson, William Clontz, Louis B. Sohn, Frederic Kirgis, Danilo Türk, Josef Rohlik, T.P. Sreenivasan, John A. Macinnis, Raymond Sommereyns, Winston Tubman, Ramu Damodaran, Sean Murphy
Conferences and Symposia to 2010
Two-day conference on United Nations held at the University of Georgia School of Law on March 3 and 4, 1995. The conference consisted of three panels ("United States attitudes on the role of the United Nations regarding the maintenance and the restoration of peace," "Global attitudes on the role of the United Nations on the maintenance and restoration of peace," and "The role of the United Nations with respect to the means for accomplishing the maintenance and restoration of peace"). Included dinner remarks by Louis B. Sohn.
Law And Literature Defining Itself, Paul J. Heald
Law And Literature Defining Itself, Paul J. Heald
Scholarly Works
Earlier this spring, the University of Chicago Law School convinced Martha Nussbaum, University Professor of Philosophy, Comparative Literature, and Classics at Brown University, to join its faculty to teach law and literature. At Michigan and Duke, James B. White and Stanley Fish have long held joint appointments in their respective law schools and English departments. What use can law schools possibly have for literary critics? Although over 60 law schools, including Georgia, currently offer a class in law and literature, the focus of this interdisciplinary enterprise remains somewhat fuzzy.
Constitutional Torts: Combining Diverse Doctrines And Practicality, Thomas A. Eaton, Michael Wells
Constitutional Torts: Combining Diverse Doctrines And Practicality, Thomas A. Eaton, Michael Wells
Scholarly Works
Constitutional Torts is, in part, a response to our sense that the upper level curriculum could be improved by courses that bring together areas of doctrine that are often studied in isolation. We think there is substantial value in bringing together seemingly disparate areas of doctrine that bear on a common real-world problem. Students benefit from learning how to put together concepts from different substantive areas in order to solve problems they will face in practice.
Medea And The Un-Man: Literary Guidance In The Determination Of Heinousness Under Maynard V. Cartwright, Paul J. Heald
Medea And The Un-Man: Literary Guidance In The Determination Of Heinousness Under Maynard V. Cartwright, Paul J. Heald
Scholarly Works
In particular, this Essay brings Dante, C.S. Lewis, and Euripides to bear on a discrete problem examined by the U.S. Supreme Court in Maynard v. Cartwright. Reading Dante's Inferno, Lewis's Perelandra, and Euripides's Medea provides guidance in responding to the Court's mandate that the state channel discretion in capital sentencing. Specifically, these works imply an ethical framework for determining what constitutes an "especially heinous, atrocious, or cruel" murder. Other literary texts are certainly relevant to Maynard. This Essay, however, is not an attempt to survey comprehensively and distill the insights provided by all relevant material, but rather …
Priorities In Chattel Paper: Analysis Of § 9-308 Of The U.C.C., Joseph Wilson
Priorities In Chattel Paper: Analysis Of § 9-308 Of The U.C.C., Joseph Wilson
LLM Theses and Essays
Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) governs any transaction which creates a security interest in personal property or fixtures. Generally when there is a conflict between secured parties in the same collateral, the UCC’s default priority rule declares the first secured party to file a financing statement or perfect its interest to have priority. However, section 9-308 creates an exception to this default rule when the security interest is claimed in chattel paper. Chattel paper is a group of writings taken together that evidence both a monetary obligation and a security interest in or a lease of specific …
Judicial Protection Of The Individual Against Administrative Actions In The United States And In Germany, Joerg Nikolaus Uhl
Judicial Protection Of The Individual Against Administrative Actions In The United States And In Germany, Joerg Nikolaus Uhl
LLM Theses and Essays
From the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution which begins “We the people…,” the focus of the American legal system is clear. The individual and personal freedom are the primary concern for protection under U.S. law. Conversely, the German legal system places its focus on the preservation of the democratic system. This difference and the weight the U.S. places on separation of powers, whereas the executive and legislative branches are closely related in Germany, have combined to produce many differences between the U.S. and German political and legal systems. This paper analyzes these differences, especially with regards to administrative agencies and …
Overview Of The Role Of Precedent In The Legal System Of The United States, Ana Elena Fierro
Overview Of The Role Of Precedent In The Legal System Of The United States, Ana Elena Fierro
LLM Theses and Essays
Traditionally, legal systems have been classified as either Common Law or Civil Law; scholars distinguish these systems based on their origins, as well their attitudes towards stare decisis. Common law considers precedent as a source of binding rules, while civil law does not. However, some scholars consider the methods for legal reasoning to be almost the same in every legal system. These scholars maintain that regardless of the source of law in a particular country, once a judge determines that the facts of one case are similar to those regulated by a certain rule, the judge will apply that particular …
The Fourth Amendment Protection Against Unreasonable Searches And Seizures And The French Experience, Florence Sophie Boreil
The Fourth Amendment Protection Against Unreasonable Searches And Seizures And The French Experience, Florence Sophie Boreil
LLM Theses and Essays
Under the American approach to criminal justice, freedom of the individual is of the utmost importance. The American criminal justice system reflects a distrust of abuse of power and an emphasis on protection of personal freedom. However, the French take a contrary approach; under French law, freedom is achieved through the State. This paper examines the protection of individuals’ rights in American and French criminal procedure. Focus will be given to tracking the police investigatory powers in each country through searches and seizures, and the impact that those powers have on individuals’ rights. This paper will assert that the police …
Strategic Alliances: Emerging Trends In Future Corporate Business, Naresh Menghraj Gehi
Strategic Alliances: Emerging Trends In Future Corporate Business, Naresh Menghraj Gehi
LLM Theses and Essays
A strategic alliance is an arrangement for economic collaboration between firms at the same level of distribution, involving an exchange of critical skills aimed at buffering the core business strategy, technology, or markets of the partners. Research indicates that the care and thought of the strategic alliance partners increases with the importance of the venture to the strategic objectives of the entity. This paper describes the importance of strategic alliances in today’s competitive world. It examines the benefits of entering into strategic alliances, the legal implications of strategic alliances, and various industries where strategic alliances are dominant. Finally, this paper …
Apec As A New Model Of Regional Economic Cooperation: Compatibility With Gatt, Bing Ding
Apec As A New Model Of Regional Economic Cooperation: Compatibility With Gatt, Bing Ding
LLM Theses and Essays
Today’s driving forces in world trade are private trade, investment flows, technological progress, and job creation. These forces create momentum towards the further integration of economy within their respective regions. The challenge for governments today is to reinforce these trends in favor of long-term economic benefits, while resisting the temptation to make short-term adjustments for growth. Regionalism is being considered as a solution to contemporary international economic problems; with the division of the world into the three major trading blocs of the EC, NAFTA, and APEC, regionalism seems to be the fastest road to multilateral free trade. This paper proposes …
The Value Of Public-Notice Filing Under Uniform Commercial Code Article 9: A Comparison With The German Legal System Of Securities In Personal Property, Jens Hausmann
LLM Theses and Essays
In contrast to the public-notice filing system under U.C.C. Article 9, the modern German law of securities in personal property lacks publicity of security interests. The German courts have developed a mesh of priority rules exhaustively described in this analysis. Despite the costs and risks arising under the formal filing system, the U.C.C. accomplishes a preferable balance of interests involved in secured transactions. It assures certainty to creditors about the priority of security interests in particular assets, whereas the German law comprehensively recognizes the debtor’s interest in the secrecy of the transaction and the need for external capital. Regarding the …
Civil Liability For Damage Caused To The Environment By Hazardous Waste: Lessons For The European Union From The Us Experience, Artemis Hatzi-Hull
Civil Liability For Damage Caused To The Environment By Hazardous Waste: Lessons For The European Union From The Us Experience, Artemis Hatzi-Hull
LLM Theses and Essays
As environmental awareness has surged over the last two decades, environmental law has rapidly developed. In both agricultural and industrial countries, the environment is a sensitive and vital area where substantial economic interests are at stake. In the United States, many social, political, and economic reasons have spawned rapid expansion of environmental law. Congress has enacted numerous statutes and empowered federal agencies, primarily the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to adopt standards and enforce these new laws. A decade ago, environmental liability was not a major concern for US businesses and was rarely dealt with in commercial contracts. However, the situation …
The Relevant Market In European Merger Law, Benedicte Haubold
The Relevant Market In European Merger Law, Benedicte Haubold
LLM Theses and Essays
Due to the rapid acceleration of merger movements in the 1980s, the adoption of new merger regulation was a must for the European market. Before the new merger regulation was adopted in 1989, the European Commission used to apply the general competition rules of the Rome Treaty when dealing with mergers. The Commission used to interpret Articles 85 and 86 of the Rome Treaty as a means to condemn mergers that would lead to an abuse of a dominant position at a European level; at that time, there was an absence of complete and systematic control as far as structural …
Foreign Investment In Sub-Saharan Africa: How Changing Attitudes Have Affected The Legal Environment In The Post Cold War Era, Joel Waswa Kisubika
Foreign Investment In Sub-Saharan Africa: How Changing Attitudes Have Affected The Legal Environment In The Post Cold War Era, Joel Waswa Kisubika
LLM Theses and Essays
In Sub-Saharan Africa, like many other third world and former Soviet bloc countries, economic development policies revolve around raising the standard of living for their people. Therefore, they are seeking different ways to attract investment, trade, technology, and jobs. The movement towards attracting foreign investment has been paralleled by democratic political reforms and economic liberalization of previously autocratic and restrictive systems. These reforms have been enacted, mostly at the insistence of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, in order to deal with the severe foreign debt situation and improve Sub-Saharan Africa’s opportunities for attracting foreign investment. This paper …
U.S. Practices In Risk Assessment And Risk Management For Product Safety Under Article 2.2 Of The Agreement On Technical Barriers To Trade, Suckhong Ko
LLM Theses and Essays
Article 2.2 of the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) was applied to the GATT member countries in 1995. This article provides national product safety agencies with requirements for risk assessment and risk management. However, the terms used in the article are broad and open to interpretation. This paper argues that vast discretion and broad terms cannot solve technical barriers effectively; the “minimum requirements” standard within Article 2.2 of the TBT fails to consider those countries whose technology in product safety is inferior to that of developed countries. The United States has some of the strongest product safety measures, …
International Arbitration And Procedures To Enforce Awards In The Relationship Between The United States And Germany, Michael Kronenburg
International Arbitration And Procedures To Enforce Awards In The Relationship Between The United States And Germany, Michael Kronenburg
LLM Theses and Essays
Arbitration has long been regarded as a process that combines finality of decision with speed, low expense, and flexibility in solving problems. For these reasons, arbitration is often favored over litigation for dispute resolution. Particularly in international cases, a businessman may avoid litigation in a foreign country for various reasons: he may be unfamiliar with the proceedings; he may be afraid to find a “forum hostile” because of the different legal and cultural background of the judges; and he may wish to avoid the uncertainty concerning the law arising from the contract. Arbitration proceedings have been held constitutional by the …
Busting The Hart & Wechsler Paradigm, Michael L. Wells
Busting The Hart & Wechsler Paradigm, Michael L. Wells
Scholarly Works
Federal Courts law was once a vibrant area of scholarship and an essential course for intellectually ambitious students. Now its prestige has diminished so much that scholars debate its future in a recent issue of the Vanderbilt Law Review, where even one of its champions calls it (albeit in the subjunctive mood) a “scholarly backwater.” What, if anything, went wrong, and what should Federal Courts scholars do about it? In his contribution to the Vanderbilt symposium, Richard Fallon defends the reigning model of Federal Courts law, an approach to jurisdictional issues that dates from the publication in 1953 of Henry …
The Eeoc, The Courts, And Employment Discrimination Policy: Recognizing The Agency's Leading Role In Statutory Interpretation, Rebecca White
The Eeoc, The Courts, And Employment Discrimination Policy: Recognizing The Agency's Leading Role In Statutory Interpretation, Rebecca White
Scholarly Works
This Article explores whether a delegation to the EEOC of law-interpreting authority may be found under Title VII, the ADEA, or the ADA, despite the agency's lack of full enforcement authority under these statutes. If the EEOC possesses such authority, it, not the courts, will decide many of the difficult issues left unresolved by Congress under the 1991 Civil Rights Act, the ADA, and other statutes administered by the agency. I easily conclude the EEOC has been delegated law-interpreting power under both the ADEA and the ADA. The authority to issue legislative rules, in the context of these statutory schemes, …
Internal Governance Standards, Suramya Balachandran
Internal Governance Standards, Suramya Balachandran
LLM Theses and Essays
Corporate control has a variety of connotations; it can mean the group of individuals who are regarded as “the control” of a corporation, the office of a corporation, or a fiduciary relationship between the office holder and the corporation. Corporate control transactions are changes in a corporation’s structure motivated by the desire for growth of the corporation, such as setting up new divisions, acquiring or being acquired by another corporation, selling or buying stock, and entering or leaving markets. Control transactions have been a successful business practice since the 1980s. The first part of this thesis analyzes the benefits of …