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Full-Text Articles in Law
The Diligent Prosecution Bar To Citizen Suits: The Search For Adequate Representation, Peter A. Appel
The Diligent Prosecution Bar To Citizen Suits: The Search For Adequate Representation, Peter A. Appel
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To ensure that citizen suits assist but do not replace or overshadow government enforcement actions, all environmental statutes which authorize citizen suits bar such suits in certain circumstances. This short Article examines the relatively narrow but important problems created by one such bar, namely the statutory bar on a citizen suit if the federal or state government is “diligently prosecuting” an action against the same violator. The requirement that a governmental prosecution be diligent protects against two types of undesirable situations. On the one hand, the diligent prosecution bar prevents citizens from bringing simple “me too” actions. One would not …
A Reply To Professor Tobias, Peter A. Appel
A Reply To Professor Tobias, Peter A. Appel
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In his response to my article, Intervention in Public Law Litigation: The Environmental Paradigm, Professor Carl Tobias finds much to commend and much to criticize, and he offers a “friendly critique” of my article. I thank Professor Tobias for taking the time to respond to my article, and I hope that this response furthers the dialogue on this important subject.
Reason And Pollution: Construing The "Absolute" Pollution Exclusion In Context And In Light Of Its Purpose And Party Expectations, Jeffrey W. Stempel
Reason And Pollution: Construing The "Absolute" Pollution Exclusion In Context And In Light Of Its Purpose And Party Expectations, Jeffrey W. Stempel
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Responding to the flurry of environmental coverage litigation over the application of the “sudden and accidental” pollution exclusion, the insurance industry during the mid-1980s largely adopted new standard pollution exclusion language for commercial general liability (CGL) policies. Since the mid-1980s, the standard form CGL has included the so-called absolute pollution exclusion, which provides that the insurance does not apply to bodily injury or property damage “arising out of the actual, alleged or threatened discharge, dispersal, seepage, migration, release, or escape of pollutants.” A “pollutant” is defined as “any solid, liquid, gaseous or thermal irritant or contaminant, including smoke, vapor, soot, …