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Articles 1 - 30 of 61
Full-Text Articles in Law
Comment: Emerging Epa Regulation Of Pharmaceuticals In The Environment, Gabriel Eckstein
Comment: Emerging Epa Regulation Of Pharmaceuticals In The Environment, Gabriel Eckstein
Faculty Scholarship
The May 25, 2012, report — entitled EPA Inaction in Identifying Hazardous Waste Pharmaceuticals May Result in Unsafe Disposal — disapproved of EPA’s lack of progress in determining whether certain pharmaceuticals found in surface, ground, and drinking water qualify as hazardous waste, as well as in establishing an evaluation and regulatory process for pharmaceutical wastes. As a result of the report, EPA is now considering mechanisms for assessing and regulating the presence of certain pharmaceutical products in the environment as hazardous wastes under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
How Do The Elderly Fare In Medical Malpractice Litigation, Before And After Tort Reform? Evidence From Texas, Myungho Paik, Bernard S. Black, David A. Hyman, William M. Sage, Charles M. Silver
How Do The Elderly Fare In Medical Malpractice Litigation, Before And After Tort Reform? Evidence From Texas, Myungho Paik, Bernard S. Black, David A. Hyman, William M. Sage, Charles M. Silver
Faculty Scholarship
The elderly account for a disproportionate share of medical spending, but little is known about how they are treated by the medical malpractice system, or how tort reform affects elderly claimants. We compare paid medical malpractice claims brought by elderly plaintiffs in Texas during 1988–2009 to those brought by adult non-elderly plaintiffs. Controlling for healthcare utilization (based on inpatient days), elderly paid claims rose from about 20% to about 40% of the adult non-elderly rate by the early 2000s. Mean and median payouts per claim also converged, although the elderly were far less likely to receive large payouts. Tort reform …
Against Employer Dumpster-Diving For Email, Michael Z. Green
Against Employer Dumpster-Diving For Email, Michael Z. Green
Faculty Scholarship
Recent attorney client-privilege cases ojfer a modern understanding of reasonable expectations of employee privacy in the digital age. Today employees are sending an increasing number of electronic mail communications to their attorneys via employer-provided computers or other digital devices with an expectation of privacy and confidentiality. Historically, courts summarily dispensed with these matters by finding that an employer policy establishing employer ownership of any communications made through employer-provided devices eliminated any employee expectation of privacy in the communications and waived any viable privacy challenges to employer review of those communications. Nevertheless, within the last couple of years, several cases involving …
Smarter Finance For Cleaner Energy: Open Up Master Limited Partnerships (Mlps) And Real Estate Investment Trusts (Reits) To Renewable Energy Investment, Felix Mormann, Dan Reicher
Smarter Finance For Cleaner Energy: Open Up Master Limited Partnerships (Mlps) And Real Estate Investment Trusts (Reits) To Renewable Energy Investment, Felix Mormann, Dan Reicher
Faculty Scholarship
This policy proposal makes the case for opening Master Limited Partnerships (MLPs) and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) — both well-established investment structures — to renewable energy investment. MLPs and, more recently, REITs have a proven track record for promoting oil, gas, and other traditional energy sources. When extended to renewable energy projects these tools will help promote growth, move renewables closer to subsidy independence, and vastly broaden the base of investors in America’s energy economy.
Law As A Profession: Examining The Role Of Accountability, Susan Saab Fortney
Law As A Profession: Examining The Role Of Accountability, Susan Saab Fortney
Faculty Scholarship
In asserting that law is a profession, not a business, lawyers often refer to the role that self-governance plays in the legal profession. Julius Henry Cohen captured this sentiment in the following exhortation: “Ours is a profession...The sins of one of us are the sins of all of us.” Come, brethren, let us clean house.” Meaningful self-governance requires accountable and independent professionals. This article tackles accountability as fundamental aspects of professionalism. The examination of accountability considers fissures in accountability as demonstrated in lawyers’ rush to jump on the limited liability bandwagon and resistance to mandatory legal malpractice insurance and insurance …
The Hunt For Noncitizen Voters, Fatma Marouf
The Hunt For Noncitizen Voters, Fatma Marouf
Faculty Scholarship
Over the past year, states have shown increasing angst about noncitizens registering to vote. Three states-Tennessee, Kansas, and Alabama-have passed new laws requiring documentary proof of U.S. citizenship in order to register. Arizona was the first state to pass such a requirement, but the Ninth Circuit struck it down in April 2012, finding it incompatible with the National Voter Registration Act.2 Two other states-Florida and Colorado-have waged aggressive campaigns in recent months to purge noncitizens from voter registration lists. These efforts to weed out noncitizen voters follow on the heels of legislation targeting undocumented immigrants in a number of states. …
Rethinking Transboundary Ground Water Resources Management: A Local Approach Along The Mexico-U.S. Border, Gabriel E. Eckstein
Rethinking Transboundary Ground Water Resources Management: A Local Approach Along The Mexico-U.S. Border, Gabriel E. Eckstein
Faculty Scholarship
Despite more than forty years of promises to the contrary, neither Mexico nor the United States have shown any inclination to pursue a border-wide pact to coordinate management of the border region’s transboundary ground water resources. As a result, these critical resources – which serve as the sole or primary source of fresh water for most border communities on both sides – are being overexploited and polluted, leaving the local population with little recourse. Imminently unsustainable, the situation portends a grim future for the region.
In the absence of national governmental interests and involvement on either side of the frontier, …
Health Insurance And Federalism-In-Fact, Radha A. Pathak, Brendan S. Maher
Health Insurance And Federalism-In-Fact, Radha A. Pathak, Brendan S. Maher
Faculty Scholarship
The constitutional legitimacy of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) received substantial attention. Less examined has been the legislation’s sub-constitutional effect on the regulatory power that states can and might exercise. Regarding a state's ability to promulgate "sickness rules," (those legal rules pertaining to the conditions or treatment an insurance policy covers) and "non-sickness" rules (those legal rules pertaining to insurance other than sickness rules), we scrutinize the ACA itself and contrast it with the other most significant statute governing private health insurance, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”). The authors would like to thank …
Tax Exemptions For Charitable Single-Member Limited Liability Companies, Terri Lynn Helge, David M. Rosenberg
Tax Exemptions For Charitable Single-Member Limited Liability Companies, Terri Lynn Helge, David M. Rosenberg
Faculty Scholarship
This summer, the IRS issued long-awaited guidance on the deductibility of charitable contributions made to a single-member limited liability company (“SMLLC”) that is wholly-owned by a charitable organization exempt from federal income tax as a organization described in Section 501(c)(3). Previously, in a 2001 private letter ruling, the IRS confirmed that a SMLLC wholly-owned by a U.S. charity did not need to submit a separate application for recognition of federal income tax exemption, but declined to rule on whether contributions made to the SMLLC would be deductible under Section 170 as charitable contributions. An article in the IRS Continuing Professional …
Intellectual Property Training And Education For Development, Peter K. Yu
Intellectual Property Training And Education For Development, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
Written for a symposium addressing the need to construct a positive policy and research agenda for international intellectual property law, this article explores ways to improve the design and delivery of intellectual property training and educational programs. The article draws on the author's experience as the rapporteur for the International Roundtable on WIPO Development Agenda for Academics.
The article begins by reflecting on WIPO’s changing orientation, outlining the principles and goals recognized in its Development Agenda. It emphasizes the need for an expansion of coverage in intellectual property training and educational programs. It also offers guidelines on ways to redesign …
Not So Obvious After All: Patent Law's Nonobviousness Requirement, Ksr, And The Fear Of Hindsight Bias, Glynn S. Lunney Jr, Christian T. Johnson
Not So Obvious After All: Patent Law's Nonobviousness Requirement, Ksr, And The Fear Of Hindsight Bias, Glynn S. Lunney Jr, Christian T. Johnson
Faculty Scholarship
Before the creation of the Federal Circuit in 1982, nonobviousness served as the primary gatekeeper for patents. When patent holders sued for infringement and lost, more than sixty percent of the time, they lost on the grounds that their patent was obvious. With the advent of the Federal Circuit, nonobviousness became a much less difficult hurdle to surmount. From 1982 until 2005, when patent holders sued for infringement and lost, obviousness was the reason in less than fifteen percent of the cases. While obviousness remained formally a requirement of patent protection, there can be little doubt that the Federal Circuit …
Mandatory Predispute Consumer Arbitration, Structural Bias, And Incentivizing Procedural Safeguards, Nancy A. Welsh
Mandatory Predispute Consumer Arbitration, Structural Bias, And Incentivizing Procedural Safeguards, Nancy A. Welsh
Faculty Scholarship
Within the past several decades, there has been an explosion in the creation, institutionalization and use of “alternative” dispute resolution procedures. Mandatory predispute arbitration has generated the most controversy because it appears beset with structural bias. The recent cases of AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion and Compucredit Corp. v. Greenwood have raised additional concerns as the Supreme Court has announced that corporations can force consumers to arbitrate their private and statutory claims and give up their rights to pursue class relief. This Article begins by arguing that the Supreme Court’s enthusiastic embrace of mandatory predispute arbitration should be understood primarily …
Adopting Law Firm Management Systems To Survive And Thrive: A Study Of The Australian Approach To Management-Based Regulation, Susan Saab Fortney, Tahlia Gordon
Adopting Law Firm Management Systems To Survive And Thrive: A Study Of The Australian Approach To Management-Based Regulation, Susan Saab Fortney, Tahlia Gordon
Faculty Scholarship
In Australia, amendments to the Legal Profession Act require that incorporated legal practices (ILPs) take steps to assure compliance with provisions of the Legal Profession Act 2004. Specifically, the legislation provides that the ILP must appoint a legal practitioner director to be generally responsible for the management of the ILP. The ILP must also implement and maintain “appropriate management systems" to enable the provision of legal services in accordance with the professional obligations of legal practitioners. Because the new law did not define “appropriate management systems” (AMS) the Office of Legal Services Commissioner for New South Wales worked with representatives …
Training Lawyer-Entrepreneurs, Luz E. Herrera
Training Lawyer-Entrepreneurs, Luz E. Herrera
Faculty Scholarship
The Great Recession has caused many new attorneys to question their decisions to go to law school. The highly publicized decline in employment opportunities for lawyers has called into question the value of obtaining a law degree. The tightening of the economy has diminished the availability of entry-level jobs for law graduates across employment sectors. Large law firms are laying-off lawyers, bringing in smaller first year associate classes, hiring more contract and experienced lateral attorneys. Government entities and public interest organizations have suffered furloughs, and hiring freezes, and are relying more on volunteers than on new employees to get the …
Enhancing The Investor Appeal Of Renewable Energy, Felix Mormann
Enhancing The Investor Appeal Of Renewable Energy, Felix Mormann
Faculty Scholarship
This article introduces an investor-oriented framework for the evaluation of renewable energy policy, applies these newly developed criteria to a qualitative comparison of the primary policy instruments, and offers recommendations to enhance the investor appeal of renewable energy in the United States.
The multi-trillion dollar task of scaling renewable energy technologies to mitigate climate change, ensure energy security, and create green jobs is one of the most daunting challenges of the twenty-first century. It is, in fact, too great a challenge for either the public or private sector to shoulder alone. Rather, public policy must catalyze private investment in renewable …
Foreword To Entrepreneurship And Innovation In Evolving Economies: The Role Of Law, Franklin G. Snyder
Foreword To Entrepreneurship And Innovation In Evolving Economies: The Role Of Law, Franklin G. Snyder
Faculty Scholarship
Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Evolving Economies examines the role of law in supporting innovation and entrepreneurship in communities whose economies are in transition. It contains a collection of works from different perspectives and tackles tough questions regarding policy and practice, including how support for entrepreneurship can be translated into policy. Additionally, this collection addresses more concrete questions of practical efficacy, including measures of how successful or unsuccessful legal efforts to incentivize entrepreneurship may be, through intellectual property law and otherwise, and what might define success to begin with.
Reviewing The (Shrinking) Principle Of Trademark Exhaustion In The European Union (Ten Years Later), Irene Calboli
Reviewing The (Shrinking) Principle Of Trademark Exhaustion In The European Union (Ten Years Later), Irene Calboli
Faculty Scholarship
Ten years ago, I published an article in the Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review titled “Trademark Exhaustion in the European Union: Community-Wide or International? The Saga Continues.” In that article, I described the development of the principle of trademark exhaustion in the European Union (EU) and analyzed the interplay among trademark protection, trademark territoriality, and the treatment of the parallel importation of gray market products — unauthorized genuine goods imported from foreign countries — under Article 7 of the Trademark Directive (Article 7). In this Essay, I continue to explore, ten years after my 2002 article, the development of the …
Intellectual Property And Asian Values, Peter K. Yu
Intellectual Property And Asian Values, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
From Niall Ferguson to Fareed Zakaria, commentators have paid growing attention to the rise of Asia and its implications for the West. Recent years have also seen the emergence of a growing volume of literature on intellectual property developments in Asia, in particular China and India. Few commentators, however, have explored whether Asian countries will take unified positions on international intellectual property law and policy.
Commissioned for the Inaugural International Intellectual Property Scholars Series, this article fills the void by examining intellectual property developments in relation to the decades-old 'Asian values' debate. Drawing on the region's diversity in economic and …
Art Law In Transactional Practice, Jeff W. Slattery
Art Law In Transactional Practice, Jeff W. Slattery
Faculty Scholarship
Artists are increasingly important players in the economic, social, and cultural development of communities throughout the United States. Unfortunately, a lack of adequate funding and appreciation of their legal needs often means artists do not seek or receive transactional legal assistance when it would be beneficial. Attorneys, meanwhile, may perceive the needs of artists as very specialized, and thereby well beyond the scope of services the attorney can provide. For these reasons, artists may find themselves without legal assistance, to the detriment of their business, their creative output, and their community. This article seeks to demystify a number of the …
The Domestic Politics Of International Extradition, William Magnuson
The Domestic Politics Of International Extradition, William Magnuson
Faculty Scholarship
Extradition poses a set of unique challenges for current theories of international law. State decisions regarding extradition involve the intersection of domestic criminal law, complex international treaties, and often overtly political considerations, thus def ing neat explanation by legal theorists. This Article argues that current theory fails to adequately explain the international law of extradition because it relies on state-centric models of international relations. By focusing our attention on unitary state interests, commentators overlook the important ways in which domestic politics shapes and influences state behavior. More particularly, this Article argues that domestic groups and institutions both constrain and empower …
Intellectual Property And Human Rights In The Nonmultilateral Era, Peter K. Yu
Intellectual Property And Human Rights In The Nonmultilateral Era, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
In the past decade, countries have actively established bilateral, plurilateral and regional trade and investment agreements, such as the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement and the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement. Although commentators have examined the conflict and tension between intellectual property and human rights in the past, the arrival of these agreements has ushered in a new era of nonmultilateralism that warrants a reexamination of the complex interrelationship between intellectual property and human rights.
This article closely examines the human rights impact of the intellectual property provisions in TRIPS-plus nonmultilateral agreements. It begins by outlining the challenges inherent in any analysis of the …
Region Codes And The Territorial Mess, Peter K. Yu
Region Codes And The Territorial Mess, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
Tourists, frequent travelers, and foreign film aficionados hate DVD region codes with a passion. Written for the 30th Anniversary Symposium of the Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal, this article critically examines the expediency of using region-based restrictions to protect copyrighted media content.
The article begins by closely examining four justifications for the deployment of DVD region codes: sequential release; price discrimination; distribution and licensing agreements; and censorship ratings and regulatory standards. It also identifies four areas in which DVD region codes have created unintended consequences: consumption, competition, cultural rights, and censorship.
The article then advances three proposals to address …
System Adjustments, Brendan S. Maher
System Adjustments, Brendan S. Maher
Faculty Scholarship
This invited Essay considers the future of law data and system reform.
Mobilizing Public Markets To Finance Renewable Energy Projects: Insights From Expert Stakeholders, Paul Schwabe, Michael Mendelsohn, Felix Mormann, Douglas J. Arent
Mobilizing Public Markets To Finance Renewable Energy Projects: Insights From Expert Stakeholders, Paul Schwabe, Michael Mendelsohn, Felix Mormann, Douglas J. Arent
Faculty Scholarship
Financing renewable energy projects in the United States can be a complex, time consuming, and expensive process. Currently, most equity investment in new renewable power production facilities is supported by tax credits and accelerated depreciation benefits, and is constrained by the pool of potential investors that can fully use these tax benefits and are willing to engage in complex financial structures. For debt financing, non-government lending to renewables has largely been provided by foreign banks that may be under future lending constraints due to economic and regulatory conditions.
To discuss these and other renewable energy financing challenges and to identify …
The Alphabet Soup Of Transborder Intellectual Property Enforcement, Peter K. Yu
The Alphabet Soup Of Transborder Intellectual Property Enforcement, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
n the past few years, policymakers, academic commentators, consumer advocates, civil liberties groups, and user communities have expressed grave concerns about the steadily increasing levels of enforcement of intellectual property rights. Many of these concerns relate to the "alphabet soup" of transborder intellectual property enforcement, which consists of the following: SECURE, IMPACT, ACTA, TPP, COICA, PIPA, SOPA, and OPEN.
Published in the inaugural issue of Drake Law Review Discourse, this short essay identifies six different concerns and challenges the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) poses to U.S. consumers, technology developers, and small and midsize firms. It then explores the ongoing negotiation …
Market Integration And (The Limits Of) The First Sale Rule In North American And European Trademark Law, Irene Calboli
Market Integration And (The Limits Of) The First Sale Rule In North American And European Trademark Law, Irene Calboli
Faculty Scholarship
This Article explores the intricate relationship between the exercise of trademark rights and the free movement of goods in the marketplace, and considers the effectiveness and the limitations of the principle of trademark first sale (also known as trademark exhaustion) in promoting the free movement of goods across international borders, notably across members of free trade areas. In particular, this Article examines the application of the principle of trademark first sale and the resulting process of market integration that has characterized to date the members of NAFTA and the European Union. Based upon this comparison, this Article argues that the …
The Rise And Decline Of The Intellectual Property Powers, Peter K. Yu
The Rise And Decline Of The Intellectual Property Powers, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
In the past decade, China has experienced many impressive economic and technological developments. Intriguingly, the narrative about piracy and counterfeiting there is rarely linked to the narrative about the China's technological rise. To provide a more comprehensive picture, this article brings together these two different narratives to explore what their combination would mean for the United States and its intellectual property industries.
Delivered as the keynote luncheon address at the Symposium on "Applications of Intellectual Property Law in China," this article begins with the good news that China is at the cusp of crossing over from a pirating nation to …
Tattoos, Tickets, And Other Tawdry Behavior: How Universities Use Federal Law To Hide Their Scandals, Mary Margaret Penrose
Tattoos, Tickets, And Other Tawdry Behavior: How Universities Use Federal Law To Hide Their Scandals, Mary Margaret Penrose
Faculty Scholarship
This Article seeks to expose the inappropriate, if not improper, inversion of FERPA by universities falsely in the name of "student privacy." As will be seen, universities do not hesitate to embrace student-athletes' FERPA waivers when the news is good: Academic All-Americans should have their grades trumpeted to the mountaintops, or at least on ESPN. Bad boys and girls, however, particularly those whose behavior initiates NCAA investigations or criminal charges, are routinely and aggressively shielded by the university. This Article will demonstrate that the use of "student privacy" and FERPA defenses by universities are not genuinely invoked for student well-being, …
Becoming "Investor-State Mediation", Nancy A. Welsh, Andrea Kupfer Schneider
Becoming "Investor-State Mediation", Nancy A. Welsh, Andrea Kupfer Schneider
Faculty Scholarship
While the current system of investment treaty arbitration has definitely improved upon the “gunboat diplomacy” used at times to address disputes between states and foreign investors, there are signs that reform is needed. Increasingly, states and investors express concerns regarding the costs associated with the arbitration process; some states are refusing to comply with arbitral awards; other states now hesitate to sign new bilateral investment treaties; and citizens have begun to engage in popular unrest at the prospect of investment treaty arbitration. As a result, both investors and states are advocating for the use of mediation to supplement investor-state arbitration. …
A Man In Full (A Tribute Remembering Professor David Bederman), Robert B. Ahdieh
A Man In Full (A Tribute Remembering Professor David Bederman), Robert B. Ahdieh
Faculty Scholarship
Robert B. Ahdieh provides a tribute remembering Professor David Bederman as a colleague and friend.