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Articles 1 - 30 of 150
Full-Text Articles in Law
Cyber Plungers: Colonial Pipeline And The Case For An Omnibus Cybersecurity Legislation, Asaf Lubin
Cyber Plungers: Colonial Pipeline And The Case For An Omnibus Cybersecurity Legislation, Asaf Lubin
Articles by Maurer Faculty
The May 2021 ransomware attack on Colonial Pipeline was a wake-up call for a federal administration slow to realize the dangers that cybersecurity threats pose to our critical national infrastructure. The attack forced hundreds of thousands of Americans along the east coast to stand in endless lines for gas, spiking both prices and public fears. These stressors on our economy and supply chains triggered emergency proclamations in four states, including Georgia. That a single cyberattack could lead to a national emergency of this magnitude was seen by many as proof of even more crippling threats to come. Executive Director of …
Why A Federal Wealth Tax Is Constitutional, Ari Glogower, David Gamage, Kitty Richards
Why A Federal Wealth Tax Is Constitutional, Ari Glogower, David Gamage, Kitty Richards
Articles by Maurer Faculty
The 2020 Democratic presidential primaries brought national attention to a new direction for the tax system: a federal wealth tax for the wealthiest taxpayers. During their campaigns, Senators Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) and Bernie Sanders (I-VT) both introduced proposals to tax the wealth of multimillionaires and billionaires, and to use the revenue for public investments, including in health care and education. These reforms generated broad public support—even among many Republicans—and broadened the conversation over the future of progressive tax reform.
A well-designed, high-end wealth tax can level the playing field in an unequal society and promote shared economic prosperity.
Critics have …
The Folly Of Credit As Pandemic Relief, Pamela Foohey, Dalie Jimenez, Chrisopher K. Odinet
The Folly Of Credit As Pandemic Relief, Pamela Foohey, Dalie Jimenez, Chrisopher K. Odinet
Articles by Maurer Faculty
Within weeks of the coronavirus pandemic appearing in the United States, the American economy came to a grinding halt. The unprecedented modern health crisis and the collapsing economy forced Congress to make a critical choice about how to help families survive financially. Congress had two basic options. It could enact policies that provided direct and meaningful financial support to people, without the necessity of later repayment. Or it could pursue policies that temporarily relieved people from their financial obligations but required that they eventually pay amounts subject to payment moratoria later.
In passing the CARES Act, Congress primarily chose the …
Cares Act Gimmicks: How Not To Give People Money During A Pandemic And What To Do Instead, Pamela Foohey, Dalie Jimenez, Christopher K. Odinet
Cares Act Gimmicks: How Not To Give People Money During A Pandemic And What To Do Instead, Pamela Foohey, Dalie Jimenez, Christopher K. Odinet
Articles by Maurer Faculty
The coronavirus pandemic upturned Americans' lives. Within the first few weeks, millions of Americans reported being laid off from their jobs. Other people were working reduced hours or were working remotely from home. Children's daycares and schools closed, and parents were thrown into new roles as educators and full-time babysitters, while, in some instances, also continuing to work full-time jobs. The profound financial effects caused by even a few weeks of the coronavirus' upheaval spurred Congress to pass the CARES Act, which purported to provide economic relief to individuals and businesses.
For individuals, the CARES Act includes five provisions that …
Communication Breakdown: How Courts Do - And Don't - Respond To Statutory Overrides, Deborah A. Widiss
Communication Breakdown: How Courts Do - And Don't - Respond To Statutory Overrides, Deborah A. Widiss
Articles by Maurer Faculty
Earlier commentators, including many well-respected judges, have offered thoughtful suggestions for facilitating communication from courts to Congress about problems in statutes that Congress might want to address. My research explores the opposite question. How effective is communication from Congress back to courts? The answer is: Not very. Even when Congress enacts overrides, courts frequently continue to follow the prior judicial precedent. This is likely due more to information failure than willful disregard of controlling law. Nonetheless, a key aspect of the separation of powers is broken.
My research shows that when the Supreme Court overrules a prior decision, lower courts …
Hacking For Intelligence Collection In The Fight Against Terrorism: Israeli, Comparative, And International Perspectives, Asaf Lubin
Articles by Maurer Faculty
תקציר בעברית: הניסיון של המחוקק הישראלי להביא להסדרה מפורשת של סמכויות השב״כ במרחב הקיברנטי משקף מגמה רחבה יותר הניכרת בעולם לעיגון בחקיקה ראשית של הוראות בדבר פעולות פצחנות מצד גופי ביון ומודיעין ורשויות אכיפת חוק למטרות איסוף מודיעין לשם סיכול עבירות חמורות, ובייחוד עבירות טרור אם בעבר היו פעולות מסוג אלה כפופות לנהלים פנימיים ומסווגים, הרי שהדרישה לשקיפות בעידן שלאחר גילויי אדוארד סנודן מחד והשימוש הנרחב בתקיפות מחשב לביצוע פעולות חיפוש וחקירה לסיכול טרור מאידך, מציפים כעת את הדרישה להסמכה מפורשת. במאמר זה אבקש למפות הן את השדה הטכנולוגי והן את השדה המשפטי בכל האמור בתקיפות מחשבים למטרות ריגול ומעקב. …
Digitizing The Indiana Code, Susan David Demaine, Benjamin J. Keele
Digitizing The Indiana Code, Susan David Demaine, Benjamin J. Keele
Articles by Maurer Faculty
The Ruth Lilly Law Library holds one of the most complete sets of the official Indiana Code in print, and we often receive research requests for sections of the historical Code from attorneys and other researchers. The print collection is far more complete than anything available online and is freely available for anyone to use, but this generally requires a trip to the library. Currently, there is no free online public access to the Indiana Code predating 2009, and paid access offers no codes between 1921 and 1990. We have set out to change this.
The Games They Will Play: Tax Games, Roadblocks, And Glitches Under The 2017 Tax Legislation, David Gamage, David Kamin
The Games They Will Play: Tax Games, Roadblocks, And Glitches Under The 2017 Tax Legislation, David Gamage, David Kamin
Articles by Maurer Faculty
The 2017 tax legislation brought sweeping changes to the rules for taxing individuals and business, the deductibility of state and local taxes, and the international tax regime. The complex legislation was drafted and passed through a rushed and secretive process intended to limit public comment on one of the most consequential pieces of domestic policy enacted in recent history. This Article is an effort to supply the analysis and deliberation that should have accompanied the bill’s consideration and passage and describes key problem areas in the new legislation. Many of the new changes fundamentally undermine the integrity of the tax …
After The Override: An Empirical Analysis Of Shadow Precedent, Deborah A. Widiss, Brian J. Broughman
After The Override: An Empirical Analysis Of Shadow Precedent, Deborah A. Widiss, Brian J. Broughman
Articles by Maurer Faculty
Congressional overrides of prior judicial interpretations of statutory language are typically defined as equivalent to judicial overrulings, and they are presumed to play a central role in maintaining legislative supremacy. Our study is the first to empirically test these assumptions. Using a differences-in-differences research design, we find that citation levels decrease far less after legislative overrides than after judicial overrulings. This pattern holds true even when controlling for depth of the superseding event or considering only the specific proposition that was superseded. Moreover, contrary to what one might expect, citation levels decrease more quickly after restorative overrides—in which Congress repudiates …
Practical Tips For Interpreting Statutory Overrides, Deborah A. Widiss
Practical Tips For Interpreting Statutory Overrides, Deborah A. Widiss
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Making Sausage: What, Why And How To Teach About Legislative Process In A Legislation Or Leg-Reg Course, Deborah A. Widiss
Making Sausage: What, Why And How To Teach About Legislative Process In A Legislation Or Leg-Reg Course, Deborah A. Widiss
Articles by Maurer Faculty
Although a rapidly growing number of law schools require students to take a course on legislation, many of these courses teach very little about how laws are actually enacted. This essay, written for a special issue of the Journal of Legal Education, argues that study of the legislative process helps students interpret and apply statutory language.
The essay surveys existing text books and supplemental resources that could be easily integrated into a Leg-Reg or Legislation class to explain modern Congressional procedure. The focus is the multiple distinct paths that bills may take through a legislative body and the written …
The Voting Rights Act In Winter: The Death Of A Superstatute, Luis Fuentes-Rohwer, Guy-Uriel Charles
The Voting Rights Act In Winter: The Death Of A Superstatute, Luis Fuentes-Rohwer, Guy-Uriel Charles
Articles by Maurer Faculty
The Voting Rights Act ("VRA "), the most successful civil rights statute in American history, is dying. In the recent Shelby County decision, the U.S. Supreme Court signaled that the anti-discrimination model, long understood as the basis for the VRA as originally enacted, is no longer the best way to understand today's voting rights questions. As a result, voting rights activists need to face up to the fact that voting rights law and policy are at a critical moment of transition. It is likely the case that the superstatute we once knew as the VRA is no more and is …
Cybersecurity And The Administrative National Security State: Framing The Issues For Federal Legislation, David G. Delaney
Cybersecurity And The Administrative National Security State: Framing The Issues For Federal Legislation, David G. Delaney
Articles by Maurer Faculty
In the digital age, every part of federal government has critical cybersecurity interests. Many of those issues are brought into sharp focus by Edward Snowden's disclosure of sensitive government cyber intelligence programs conducted by the National Security Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Central Intelligence Agency. Courts are reviewing various constitutional and statutory challenges to those programs, two government review groups have reported on related legal and policy issues, and Congress is considering cyber intelligence reform proposals. All of this action comes on the heels of significant efforts by successive administrations to restructure government and pass comprehensive cybersecurity …
Mapping A Post-Shelby County Contingency Strategy, Luis Fuentes-Rohwer, Guy-Uriel E. Charles
Mapping A Post-Shelby County Contingency Strategy, Luis Fuentes-Rohwer, Guy-Uriel E. Charles
Articles by Maurer Faculty
Professors Guy-Uriel E. Charles and Luis Fuentes-Rohwer argue that voting rights activists ought to be prepared for a future in which section 5 is not part of the landscape. If the Court strikes down section 5, an emerging ecosystem of private entities and organized interest groups of various stripes—what they call institutional intermediaries—may be willing and able to mimic the elements that made section 5 an effective regulatory device. As voting rights activists plot a post-Shelby County contingency strategy, they should both account for institutional intermediaries and think about the types of changes that could enhance the ability of these …
Undermining Congressional Overrides: The Hydra Problem In Statutory Interpretation, Deborah Widiss
Undermining Congressional Overrides: The Hydra Problem In Statutory Interpretation, Deborah Widiss
Articles by Maurer Faculty
Statutory overrides — that is, amendments to supersede a judicial interpretation of a statute — are the primary mechanism by which Congress signals disagreement with court interpretations; they are essential to protect the separation of powers and the promise of legislative supremacy. But in Gross v. FBL Financial Services, the Supreme Court held that Congress’s override of a judicial interpretation of Title VII did not control the interpretation of identical language in the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, and further that Congress’s “neglecting” to amend the ADEA when it amended Title VII was a clear signal that Congress intended the …
A Disability By Any Other Name Is Still A Disability: Log Cabin, The Disability Spectrum, And The Ada (Aa), Gabrielle L. Goodwin
A Disability By Any Other Name Is Still A Disability: Log Cabin, The Disability Spectrum, And The Ada (Aa), Gabrielle L. Goodwin
Articles by Maurer Faculty
In EEOC v. Lee's Log Cabin, the Seventh Circuit followed the Supreme Court precedent of the last decade that has increasingly narrowed the determination of what constitutes a disabled individual under the Americans with Disabilities Act. In 2008, Congress passed the ADA Amendments Act in an attempt to restore the ADA to its original purpose and the original vision of the ADA's drafters and supporters. Whether these amendments will produce dramatic changes in the way the administrative agencies and courts apply the ADA remains to be seen. Nonetheless, the only way the ADA or its amendments will successfully protect against …
Shadow Precedents And The Separation Of Powers: Statutory Interpretation Of Congressional Overrides, Deborah Widiss
Shadow Precedents And The Separation Of Powers: Statutory Interpretation Of Congressional Overrides, Deborah Widiss
Articles by Maurer Faculty
In both judicial decisions and critical commentary on statutory interpretation, the possibility of congressional override is generally considered a significant balance to the countermajoritarian reality that courts, through statutory interpretation, make policy. This Article demonstrates that the "check" on judicial power provided by overrides is not as robust as is typically assumed. One might assume that overridden precedents are functionally erased or reversed. But because Congress technically cannot overrule a prior decision, courts must determine whether the enactment of an override fully supersedes the prior judicial interpretation. Overrides thus raise unique, and previously largely ignored, questions of statutory interpretation. Using …
Database Protection In The United States Is Alive And Well: Comments On Davison, Marshall A. Leaffer
Database Protection In The United States Is Alive And Well: Comments On Davison, Marshall A. Leaffer
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Anti-Racketeering Legislation In America, Craig M. Bradley
Anti-Racketeering Legislation In America, Craig M. Bradley
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Preclearance, Discrimination, And The Department Of Justice: The Case Of South Carolina, Luis Fuentes-Rohwer, Guy-Uriel E. Charles
Preclearance, Discrimination, And The Department Of Justice: The Case Of South Carolina, Luis Fuentes-Rohwer, Guy-Uriel E. Charles
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Terrorism, Technology, And Information Privacy: Finding The Balance, Fred H. Cate
Terrorism, Technology, And Information Privacy: Finding The Balance, Fred H. Cate
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
India's "Patriot Act": Pota And The Impact On Civil Liberties In The World's Largest Democracy, Jayanth K. Krishnan
India's "Patriot Act": Pota And The Impact On Civil Liberties In The World's Largest Democracy, Jayanth K. Krishnan
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Principles For Protecting Privacy, Fred H. Cate
Principles For Protecting Privacy, Fred H. Cate
Articles by Maurer Faculty
This article addresses health privacy in the broader context of other areas of recent privacy activity, in an effort to discover what people should have learned in trying to identify those principles that should undergrid regulatory efforts to protect privacy. Increasingly, the dominant trend in recent and pending privacy legislation is to invest consumers with near absolute control over information in the marketplace. - irrespective of whether the information is, or could be, used to cause harm. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act privacy rules wholly ignore the concept of harm and the constitutional requirement of targeting restriction on …
Patent Abolitionism, Mark D. Janis
Patent Abolitionism, Mark D. Janis
Articles by Maurer Faculty
In this Article, Professor Janis argues that modem enthusiasm for large-scale legislative reforms in patent law should be received with caution in view of the history of patent law reform. That history suggests that patent law is more resilient--or perhaps more impervious to change-than modem reformers recognize. To explore these propositions, Professor Janis analyzes the history of the mid-Victorian era British patent abolitionism movement. He demonstrates that much of the reform dialogue of that era, from the elucidation of major problems in the patent system, to the formulation of legislative solutions, mirrors quite closely the modem U.S. patent reform debate. …
The Dynamic Judicial Opinion, William D. Popkin
The Dynamic Judicial Opinion, William D. Popkin
Articles by Maurer Faculty
Eskridge's article on Dynamic Statutory Interpretation advances an aggressively pragmatic theory of interpretation but has had more influence among academics than judges because of a failure to attend to the problems of writing a candid, pragmatic and dynamic judicial opinion. This article argues that, although not free from doubt, a candid judicial opinion is preferable, and discusses how to write such an opinion - suggesting that judges rely on the "intent of the statute," not legislative intent; and adopt a personal/exploratory style in presenting their views.
Book Review. Hate Crimes: Criminal Law And Identity Politics By James Jacobs And Kimberly Potter, Jeannine Bell
Book Review. Hate Crimes: Criminal Law And Identity Politics By James Jacobs And Kimberly Potter, Jeannine Bell
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Inter Partes Patent Reexamination, Mark D. Janis
Inter Partes Patent Reexamination, Mark D. Janis
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
The Dangers Of Symbolic Legislation: Perceptions And Realities Of The New Burden-Of-Proof Rules, Steve R. Johnson
The Dangers Of Symbolic Legislation: Perceptions And Realities Of The New Burden-Of-Proof Rules, Steve R. Johnson
Articles by Maurer Faculty
One provision of the 1998 IRS Restructuring and Reform Act is new I.R.C. sec. 7491. That section purports to alter the long established rule that the burden of proof in civil tax litigation generally is on the taxpayer. It was enacted with considerable fanfare as a taxpayer-protection measure. However, to minimize the serious effects that a genuine and general burden reversal would occasion, sec. 7491 contains many exceptions and limitations. I argue that these conditions largely swallow the rule, such that the burden of proof will shift in very few actual cases. But ineffective does not mean innocuous. Section 7491 …
Learning From Nepa: Some Guidelines For Responsible Federal Risk Legislation, John S. Applegate, Celia Campbell-Mohn
Learning From Nepa: Some Guidelines For Responsible Federal Risk Legislation, John S. Applegate, Celia Campbell-Mohn
Articles by Maurer Faculty
The past three or more Congresses have seen substantial efforts to enact "risk reform" legislation that would require environmental, health, and safety regulations to be adopted following the performance of risk assessments modeled on quantitative risk assessment methods for carcinogens. While such a requirement has potentially beneficial effects on the quality of the resulting rules, there is also a substantial potential for mischief by reorienting substantive environmental, health, and safety regulation, and by introducing substantial new costs and delays into the regulatory process. This article, which is derived from a report by the authors to support an American Bar Association …
Book Review. Courts, Congress, And The Constitutional Politics Of Interbranch Restraint, Charles G. Geyh
Book Review. Courts, Congress, And The Constitutional Politics Of Interbranch Restraint, Charles G. Geyh
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.