Law Commons^™

Intellectual Origins Of (Modern) Substantive Due Process, The, Joshua D. Hawley

Faculty Publications

Almost fifty years after the Supreme Court revived the doctrine, substantive due process remains a puzzle. Detractors insist it is nothing more than judicial policy making. Defenders say it accords with the deepest values of the Constitution. But on all sides, the present scholarly debate suffers from an impoverished understanding of modern substantive due process's intellectual history, which has led to an impoverished understanding of the doctrine's core normative content. It is time for a revisionist turn. This Article supplies that turn by excavating the intellectual origins of modern substantive due process and relating that history to the doctrine's development. …

Equitable Anti-Junction Act, The, Erin Morrow Hawley

Faculty Publications

The (AIA or the Act) has never been more important. Originally enacted to expedite the collection of revenue-raising taxes, courts and scholars have for years assumed that the statute imposes a jurisdictional bar on any pre-enforcement challenge to a tax. On this interpretation, taxpayers subject to an invalid tax have two choices only: comply or pay the tax and pursue a refund. Read this way, the Act is a marked departure from the general rule that pre-enforcement challenges are permissible so long as justiciability requirements are met. And it imposes a marked burden on aggrieved taxpayers that grows all the …

What Is Negotiation?, Part 2, John M. Lande

Faculty Blogs

To get a good understanding of final settlement events, it usually helps to also understand the interactions leading up them.

“Labels Suck”, John Lande

Faculty Blogs

Using Andrea Schneider’s pithy observation as a jumping off point, I noted confusion about the traditional terminology about lawyer- and client-centered counseling, positional interest-based negotiation, and evaluative and facilitative mediation. Many of us are pretty sloppy in our use of these terms. For example, people often think of client-centered counseling, interest-based negotiation, and facilitative mediation basically as being nice and the opposite approaches as being tough (if not naughty). So in my classes, I briefly defined the terms so that students recognize them and I described the problems with them. Then I warned them not to use the terms and …

What Is Negotiation?, Part 1, John M. Lande

Faculty Blogs

Conventional conceptions of negotiation often involve various elements that do not necessarily occur in the process of reaching agreement.

Good Pretrial Lawyering: Planning To Get To Yes Sooner, Cheaper, And Better, John M. Lande

Faculty Publications

Although the ostensible purpose for pretrial litigation is to prepare for trial, such preparation is inextricably intertwined with negotiation because the expected trial outcome is a major factor affecting negotiation. Indeed, since most litigated cases are settled, good litigators prepare for negotiation at least as much as trial. The lawyers interviewed for this article, who were selected because of their good reputations, described how they prepare for both possibilities. They recommend taking charge of their cases from the outset, which includes getting a clear understanding of clients and their interests, developing good relationships with counterpart lawyers, carefully investigating the cases, …

Reforming High School American History Curricula: What Publicized Student Intolerance Can Teach Policymakers, Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

This article concerns the way public high schools teach American history under curricula and standards mandated by state law. “We’re raising young people who are, by and large, historically illiterate,” says David McCullough, the dean of American historians.

The article describes three recent nationally publicized incidents in which high school students belittled lynching and the Trail of Tears, evidently without appreciating the episodes’ legal and historical significance to African Americans and Native Americans respectively. Standards and textbooks typically recognize diversity and multiculturalism, but research and surveys indicate that classroom teachers frequently sanitize or avoid discomforting topics that might trigger complaints, …

A Framework For Advancing Negotiation Theory: Implications From A Study Of How Lawyers Reach Agreement In Pretrial Litigation, John M. Lande

Faculty Publications

The prevailing negotiation theory tries to fit lots of square pegs into just two round holes–adversarial or cooperative bargaining. In the real world, negotiation comes in many different shapes, not just circles and squares. Analyzing law school textbook definitions of the traditional models, this article demonstrates that the two “round holes” in current negotiation theory are poorly defined. It also presents empirical accounts of actual pretrial negotiations to demonstrate that the theoretical models do not fit some real-life negotiations. It argues that it is time to replace the traditional models with a flexible framework that can accommodate virtually all legal …

Conflicting Preferences In Business Bankruptcy: The Need For Different Rules In Different Chapters, Brook E. Gotberg

Faculty Publications

The law of preferential transfers permits the trustee of a bankruptcy estate to avoid transfers made by the debtor to a creditor on account of a prior debt in the 90 days leading up to the bankruptcy proceeding. The standard for avoiding these preferential transfers is one of strict liability, on the rationale that preference actions exist to ensure that all general creditors of the bankruptcy estate recover the same proportional amount, regardless of the debtor's intent to favor any one creditor or the creditor's intent to be so favored. But preference law also permits certain exceptions to strict preference …

American Dream In Flux: The Endangered Right To Lease A Home, Andrea Boyack

Faculty Publications

Homeownership in the US is on the decline and the percentage of the population that rents their residence is growing. Renters present a distinct demographic compared to owners, and most of the more vulnerable segments of society rent their homes. But the law prohibits renting a home in some neighborhoods. Occasionally, zoning provisions hamper the ability of would-be tenants and would-be landlords to rent. More typically, however, community restrictive covenants are what block rentals. Zoning prohibitions on rentals have been attacked as violations of property rights. But in condominiums and other privately governed neighborhoods, segregation of renters from owner occupants …

Historian Barbara W. Tuchman On The ‘Art Of Writing’ (Part I), Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

One Judge’S ‘Top Ten Tips For Effective Brief Writing’ (Part Ii), Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Jurisdictional Question In Hobby Lobby, The, Erin Morrow Hawley

Faculty Publications

Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores may well be the biggest case of the term. And by its own rules, the Supreme Court lacked jurisdiction. An obscure statute, the Anti-Injunction Act of 1867 (“the AIA”), imposes a pay-first requirement for federal tax challenges. The deeply held conventional wisdom is that the AIA is a jurisdictional statute, and there is a good argument that the AIA applies to the contraception mandate. As we learned from National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, 132 S.Ct. 2566 (2012), the best evidence of whether Congress intended the AIA to apply is the text. The mandate …

20/20 Foresight: Coaches Can Have More Of An Impact By Removing Dangerous Drills From Practices, Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Multipolarity, Intellectual Property And The Internationalization Of Public Health Law, Sam F. Halabi

Faculty Publications

This Article critically examines the proliferation of international legal agreements addressing global health threats like the outbreak of infectious diseases, tobacco use and lack of access to affordable medicines. The conventional wisdom behind this trend is that a global normative shift has occurred which has caused states to regard health as “special” and less subject to the normal rules of international law making because health threats endanger all of humanity. This Article challenges that thesis, arguing that at the same time the number and scope of international health law treaties has grown, developed states have subordinated health law to intellectual …

International Commercial Arbitration Coming To A Courthouse Near You, S. I. Strong, Judith Kaye

Faculty Publications

Some people view international commercial arbitration as an exotic, private dispute resolution mechanism that is entirely separate from U.S. state and federal courts. However, the truth of the matter is that judges from around the country increasingly are being asked to handle disputes that are somehow related to international commercial arbitration.

The Home: Where Our Heart Resides, David M. English

Faculty Publications

Helping a client maximize the use of his or her home for these purposes is no simple task. It requires knowledge of options and resources across many domains. But stepping back and taking a broader look at these strategic opportunities and pitfalls is useful in appreciating the knowledge and skill set needed to competently counsel and represent aging clients. This article looks first at a variety of consumer protection issues, examines the interrelationship between the home and a variety of government benefits, and concludes with a discussion of technology that may enable an elderly person to remain in the place …

Systemic Barriers To Effective Assistance Of Counsel In Plea Bargaining, Rodney J. Uphoff, Peter A. Joy

Faculty Publications

In a trio of recent cases, Padilla v. Kentucky, Missouri v. Frye, and Lafler v. Cooper, the U.S. Supreme Court has focused its attention on defense counsel's pivotal role during the plea bargaining process . At the same time that the Court has signaled its willingness to consider ineffective assistance of counsel claims at the plea stage, prosecutors are increasingly requiring defendants to sign waivers that include waiving all constitutional and procedural errors, even unknown ineffective assistance of counsel claims such as those that proved successful in Padilla and Frye. Had Jose Padilla and Galin Frye been forced to sign …

Rogue Debtors And Unanticipated Risk, S. I. Strong

Faculty Publications

Commercial actors are becoming increasingly concerned about the effect that various types of political risk, including the risk of sovereign default, has on their investments. This Essay considers the problem of rogue debtors (i.e., states that intentionally ignore their legal and financial obligations) as a type of unanticipated risk and analyzes how well various responses, including domestic litigation, interstate negotiation and investment arbitration, address investors’ needs. In particular, the discussion focuses on how effective investment arbitration is in overcoming a number of difficulties traditionally associated with rogue debtors and the various means by which states are attempting to bypass the …

One Judge’S ‘Top Ten Tips For Effective Brief Writing’ (Part I), Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Uniform Laws On The Teaching Of Trusts And Estates, David M. English

Faculty Publications

Beginning in 1969 with the approval of the Uniform Probate Code (UPC), uniform laws have had a major impact on the teaching of the basic Trusts and Estates course. This is not the place to list the close to thirty uniform acts relating to Trusts and Estates that have been approved. Rather, this Article will focus on the impact that uniform laws have had on the content of what is taught in the Trusts and Estates course. Uniform laws are not written in a vacuum. Like other legislative enactments, they are the product of societal changes and changes in legal …

Pharmacy Compounding After The Drug Quality And Security Act, Erika Lietzan

Faculty Publications

On November 27, 2013, President Obama signed into law the Drug Quality and Security Act ("DQSA"), which amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ("FDCA") to add statutory provisions addressing drug compounding and supply chain issues. This article discusses Title I of this legislation, known as the Compounding Quality Act, and draft compounding guidances subsequently issued by the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"). Section I provides a brief history of FDA's regulation of compounding activities before the Compounding Quality Act's enactment. Section II reviews the Compounding Quality Act and FDA's new draft guidances. Section III considers some of the …

George Orwell's Classic Essay On Writing: The Best Style Handbook For Lawyers And Judges, Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

As Orwell's title intimates, the essay included criticism of political writing done by government officials and private observers. The essay's staying power, however, transcends the political arena. By calling on writers of all persuasions to "simplify your English," Orwell helped trigger the plain English movement, which still influences legislators, courts, administrative agencies, and law school legal writing classes.

This article proceeds in two parts. First I describe how judges, when they challenge colleagues or advocates in particular cases, still quote from Orwell's plea for clear expression and careful reasoning. Then I present Orwell's diagnosis of maladies that plagued contemporary prose, …

The Transformative Twelfth Amendment, Joshua D. Hawley

Faculty Publications

This paper argues that the Twelfth Amendment represents far more than a mechanical adjustment of the electoral college. Rather, it is the constitutional text that gives us the political presidency that we know today. The Twelfth Amendment worked a major structural change in the relationship between the legislative and executive branches and for that reason bears directly on the debate over the unitary executive and the meaning of “executive power.” Specifically, presidential removal power is best justified not by the original Article II, but by the constitutional structure the Twelfth Amendment created. And the scope and definition of executive power …

The Standard For Awarding Attorney Fees Under 35 U.S.C. Section 285 To Prevailing Parties In Patent Litigation - Octane Fitness, Llc V. Icon Health & Fitness, Inc. And Highmark, Inc. V. Allcare Health Management Systems, Dennis D. Crouch, Jafon Fearson

Faculty Publications

The Supreme Court granted certiorari in two patent infringement cases that both concern shifting of attorney fees under the “exceptional case” standard of 35 U.S.C. § 285. The Federal Circuit has traditionally been resistant to fee shifting awards—especially in cases where an accused infringer is the prevailing party. In Octane Fitness, petitioner asks the Court to lower the standard for proving an exceptional case. In Highmark, petitioner asks for deference to lower court exceptional case findings.

A New Framework For Assessing Clinical Data Transparency Initiatives, Erika Lietzan

Faculty Publications

Biopharmaceutical companies submit vast amounts of clinical data and analysis to support approval of their medicines, expecting the information to be kept confidential, as has been the practice of regulators around the world for decades. Over the last ten years, however, pressure has been mounting for regulators or industry to release this information. Legal scholars have generally taken the view that no relevant doctrines or bodies of law preclude the release of this material and that public policy considerations compel its release. This article argues that the scholarship to date has overlooked key considerations: the special issues presented by operation …

Is Psychological Research On Self-Control Relevant To Criminal Law?, Paul J. Litton

Faculty Publications

In recent years scholars have asked whether scientific discoveries - specifically in neuroscience and genetics - should have normative implications for criminal law doctrine and theory, especially with regard to free will and responsibility. This focus on novel and merely potential scientific findings makes Rebecca Hollander-Blumoff’s arguments all the more fascinating: she argues that criminal law scholars have neglected to mine a rich body of social psychological research on the mechanisms of self-control which has developed over the past two decades. She, herself, finds that the psychological research suggests that current criminal law inaccurately circumscribes the scope of situations in …

Escaping From Lawyers' Prison Of Fear, John Lande

Faculty Publications

Lawyers regularly experience numerous fears endemic to their work. This is not surprising considering that lawyers generally operate in environments that frequently stimulate many fears. Lawyers’ fears can lead them to enhance their performance due to increased preparation and effective “thinking on their feet.” Fear is problematic when it is out of proportion to actual threats, is expressed inappropriately, or is chronically unaddressed effectively. It can lead to sub-optimal and counterproductive performance through paralysis, ritualized behavior, or inappropriate aggression. Some lawyers’ fears unnecessarily prevent them from performing well, producing good results for clients, earning more income, and experiencing greater satisfaction …

George Orwell’S Classic Essay On Writing: The Best Style “Handbook” For Lawyers And Judges (Part Ii), Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Beyond International Commercial Arbitration? The Promise Of International Commercial Mediation, S. I. Strong

Faculty Publications

Although international commercial arbitration has long been the preferred means of resolving cross-border business disputes, the international corporate community has become increasingly concerned about increasing costs, delays and procedural formalities. As a result, parties are looking for other means of resolving cross-border business disputes. One of the more popular alternatives is mediation. Advocates of mediation extol its many benefits, including its ability to resolve disputes more quickly and with fewer costs and formalities than other alternatives. However, very little research exists on how mediation operates in the international commercial context. This Essay therefore considers whether and to what extent international …