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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Law
Artificial Intelligence, The Law-Machine Interface, And Fair Use Automation, Peter K. Yu
Artificial Intelligence, The Law-Machine Interface, And Fair Use Automation, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
From IBM Watson's success in Jeopardy! to Google DeepMind's victories in Go, the past decade has seen artificial intelligence advancing in leaps and bounds. Such advances have captured the attention of not only computer experts and academic commentators but also policymakers, the mass media and the public at large. In recent years, legal scholars have also actively explored how artificial intelligence will impact the law. Such exploration has resulted in a fast-growing body of scholarship.
One area that has not received sufficient policy and scholarly attention concerns the law-machine interface in a hybrid environment in which both humans and intelligent …
Overlapping Copyright And Trademark Protection In The United States: More Protection And More Fair Use?, Jane Ginsburg, Irene Calboli
Overlapping Copyright And Trademark Protection In The United States: More Protection And More Fair Use?, Jane Ginsburg, Irene Calboli
Faculty Scholarship
This chapter addresses the phenomenon of overlapping rights under US law and complements Chapter 25 authored by Professors Derclay and Ng-Loy on the overlap of trademark, copyright, and design protection under several other Common Law and Civil Law jurisdictions. Because the United States does not provide sui generis protection for industrial design, but instead protects design through trademark law (notably by protecting trade dress) and design patents, this chapter focuses on the overlap between trademark and copyright protection. The Lalique bottles created for Nina Ricci perfumes, for example, may enjoy both trademark and copyright protection in the United States. Similarly, …
Trade Mark Licensing And Covid-19: Why Fashion Companies Have A Duty To Comply With Their Legal Obligations, Irene Calboli
Trade Mark Licensing And Covid-19: Why Fashion Companies Have A Duty To Comply With Their Legal Obligations, Irene Calboli
Faculty Scholarship
For the past several months, Covid-19 has dominated the intellectual property (IP) debate. Most discussions have focused on the implications of patent protection on access to treatments against the virus and a hopefully soon to be found vaccine. In these remarks, I would like to focus on another Covid-19 crisis making headlines across the world and partially related to IP: millions of workers in the garment industry in developing countries have been fired or furloughed as fashion companies have cancelled orders due to plunging sales since the pandemic’s beginning. Famous Western groups such as Inditex (Zara), C&A, Target, and Marks …
Trips And Its Contents, Peter K. Yu
Trips And Its Contents, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
In 2006, I published TRIPS and Its Discontents in a symposium commemorating the tenth anniversary of the WTO TRIPS Agreement. At that time, developing countries were deeply discontent with the Agreement and the new and higher intellectual property standards that the WTO had imposed upon them. By contrast, when the TRIPS Agreement was about to celebrate its twenty-fifth anniversary in April 2019, the developing countries' trenchant critiques of the Agreement were mostly gone. Also disappearing were their usual accusations of neoimperialism.
What has happened? Have developing countries successfully adjusted, or become sensitized, to the high intellectual property standards in the …
China's Innovative Turn And The Changing Pharmaceutical Landscape, Peter K. Yu
China's Innovative Turn And The Changing Pharmaceutical Landscape, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
For more than a decade, China has been the world's leading supplier of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Today, it is not only the world's second largest pharmaceutical market, behind only the United States, but it also produces about four percent of the world's new pharmaceutical products. Despite these impressive accomplishments, China does not have internationally recognized pharmaceutical brands that are comparable to those found in Europe or the United States, such as Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and Sanofi. Nor does China rival India in its status as the "pharmacy of the world," providing generic drugs to needy countries …
Reconsidering The Rationale For The Duration Of Data Exclusivity, Jonathan Kimball, Srividhya Ragavan, Sophia Vegas
Reconsidering The Rationale For The Duration Of Data Exclusivity, Jonathan Kimball, Srividhya Ragavan, Sophia Vegas
Faculty Scholarship
The paper’s focus is the singular one question of whether the 12-years of exclusivity that was needed in 2008 remains justified in 2019 given that technological advancement reduces the cost and the time for drug discovery? Basically, new and emerging technologies are deployed every day to enhance efficiencies and reduce the time it takes to bring a drug to the market. The paper asserts that as new technologies are adopted and advances in scientific understanding are leveraged, it results in shorter drug development timelines. This factum, the paper asserts should have a bearing to reduce the period of exclusivity granted …
The Normative Molecule: Patent Rights And Dna, Saurabh Vishnubhakat
The Normative Molecule: Patent Rights And Dna, Saurabh Vishnubhakat
Faculty Scholarship
Throughout the biotechnology age, fears about the distortionary effects of property and other legal institutions upon the health and self-determination of individuals and societies have accompanied more popularly sensational fears about unscrupulous choices within the scientific community itself. Still, for most of that time the prevailing legal regime both in the United States and in Europe remained generally permissive of ownership of, and exclusionary power over, the fruits of much biomedical research, though this leniency took different forms and came about in different ways. In particular, the policy of the United States Patent and Trademark Office to grant patents on …
Can Algorithms Promote Fair Use?, Peter K. Yu
Can Algorithms Promote Fair Use?, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
In the past few years, advances in big data, machine learning and artificial intelligence have generated many questions in the intellectual property field. One question that has attracted growing attention concerns whether algorithms can be better deployed to promote fair use in copyright law. The debate on the feasibility of developing automated fair use systems is not new; it can be traced back to more than a decade ago. Nevertheless, recent technological advances have invited policymakers and commentators to revisit this earlier debate.
As part of the Symposium on "Intelligent Entertainment: Algorithmic Generation and Regulation of Creative Works," this Article …
Automation In Moderation, Hannah Bloch-Wehba
Automation In Moderation, Hannah Bloch-Wehba
Faculty Scholarship
This Article assesses recent efforts to encourage online platforms to use automated means to prevent the dissemination of unlawful online content before it is ever seen or distributed. As lawmakers in Europe and around the world closely scrutinize platforms’ “content moderation” practices, automation and artificial intelligence appear increasingly attractive options for ridding the Internet of many kinds of harmful online content, including defamation, copyright infringement, and terrorist speech. Proponents of these initiatives suggest that requiring platforms to screen user content using automation will promote healthier online discourse and will aid efforts to limit Big Tech’s power.
In fact, however, the …
Can International Patent Law Help Mitigate Cancer Inequity In Lmics?, Srividhya Ragavan, Amaka Vanni
Can International Patent Law Help Mitigate Cancer Inequity In Lmics?, Srividhya Ragavan, Amaka Vanni
Faculty Scholarship
Although low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear 75% of the cancer burden globally, their available resources to treat cancer constitute less than 5% of global health resources. This inequity makes it imperative to take appropriate measures to treat and prevent cancer in LMICs, which should include consideration of trade and patent policies. This article highlights some impediments to effective use of existing policies to promote access to treatment and prevention measures in LMICs and offers recommendations about next steps.
Copyright And The 1%, Glynn Lunney
Copyright And The 1%, Glynn Lunney
Faculty Scholarship
No one ever argues for copyright on the grounds that superstar artists and authors need more money, but what if that is all, or mostly all, that copyright does? This article presents newly available data on the distribution of players across the PC videogame market. This data reveals an L-shaped distribution of demand. A relative handful of games are extremely popular. The vast majority are not. In the face of an L curve, copyright overpays superstars, but does very little for the average author and for works at the margins of profitability. This makes copyright difficult to justify on either …
Geographical Indications Of Origin, Economic Development, And Cultural Heritage: Good Match Or Mismatch?, Irene Calboli
Geographical Indications Of Origin, Economic Development, And Cultural Heritage: Good Match Or Mismatch?, Irene Calboli
Faculty Scholarship
In this article, I propose that geographical indications (GIs) carry important economic benefits. First, GIs are essential instruments to facilitate investments in high-quality products and niche markets, and promote local trade and development. Second, GIs offer an additional layer of information for consumers about the geographical origin and quality of the products they identify, in turn reducing the information asymmetries between producers and consumers. Third, because of this information function, GIs can assist in rewarding or holding producers accountable for their products based on the additional information they convey to the market. Yet, GIs can also protect culture-related interests and …
The U.S. Posture On Global Access To Medication & The Case For Change, Michael Palmedo, Srividhya Ragavan
The U.S. Posture On Global Access To Medication & The Case For Change, Michael Palmedo, Srividhya Ragavan
Faculty Scholarship
The year 2020 marks the 25th anniversary of including intellectual property rights within the larger agenda of trade. While the marriage between trade and intellectual property was always uncomfortable, COVID-19 exposed the flaws, failures and the inadequacy of the trade agenda to harmonise intellectual property rights, particularly for patents in pharmaceuticals. Typically, the United States through its questionable United States Trade Representative (USTR) process exposed the vulnerabilities of the intellectual property systems of the rest of the world. COVID-19 exposed the manner in which the so-called ‘superior’ intellectual property regime of the US left the country with a weak health-care …