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Articles 1 - 30 of 60
Full-Text Articles in Law
Arkansas Teacher Salaries, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Arkansas Teacher Salaries, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
This brief examines teacher salaries in Arkansas. Using data publicly available from the Arkansas Department of Education, we examine how teacher salaries compare to the nation and surrounding states. Further analyses examine differences in teacher salary within and between the regions of Arkansas. We identify the district factors most related to and make recommendations for utilizing this information.
School Discipline In Arkansas, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
School Discipline In Arkansas, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
This brief examines school discipline practices and outcomes in Arkansas. Using data publicly available from the Arkansas Department of Education, we examine state-wide discipline trends, summarize the analysis on school-level data demonstrating disparities in student discipline, and make recommendations for utilizing this information.
2015 Legislative Summary, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
2015 Legislative Summary, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
The 90th General Assembly opened its Regular Session on January 12 and recessed on April 9. Meetings of the House and Senate education committees were usually standing room only for discussions of a broad range of bills on early childhood, K-12, and higher education issues. The purpose of this policy brief is to review the K-12 bills that garnered the most attention and have been signed into law by firstterm Governor Asa Hutchinson. These highlights are organized into several categories as shown in This Brief
Grading Arkansas’ Schools, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Grading Arkansas’ Schools, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
Report Cards for Arkansas schools released by the Arkansas Department of Education contain valuable information for stakeholders. As in past years, the report cards outline student demographics and academic achievement, as well as rates of attendance, graduation, dropout, grade inflation and college remediation. Report cards also contain information on teacher quality and school environment indicators. There are a few new pieces of information provided this year, specifically a school rating which assigns a letter grade to schools.
Broadband Access In Arkansas Schools, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Broadband Access In Arkansas Schools, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
With the computer-based Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Career (PARCC) test, the Arkansas Digital Learning Act, and Governor Hutchinson’s efforts to increase participation in computer science courses, the Arkansas Legislature is discussing actions to take in order to close the “digital divide” in the state. This brief will explore the technological requirements of providing the recommended bandwidth to schools, the barriers to the provision of that service, and potential steps for the Arkansas Department of Education to take in order to ensure that every Arkansas student has fast, consistent access to the Internet to support their learning.
Creation Of The Achievement School District: House Bill 1733, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Creation Of The Achievement School District: House Bill 1733, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
Education leaders throughout the country are working to identify successful strategies for turning persistently low performing schools into successful schools. One strategy undertaken in Louisiana, Michigan, and Tennessee is the creation of a unique school district for the most academically distressed schools. In this brief, we review the programs in other states and examine House Bill 1733, which proposes the creation of such a district in Arkansas for schools or districts in academic distress
The Waivers Sought By Arkansas Charters: Should They Be Extended To All?, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
The Waivers Sought By Arkansas Charters: Should They Be Extended To All?, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
Should traditional public school districts be allowed to use the same waivers as nearby charter schools? Perhaps the flexibility afforded to charters might be helpful for all schools by allowing them to become nimble, responsive organizations, less governed by inertia and more guided by innovation. House Bill 1377 proposes such an extension of waivers. In this brief, we examine the most common waivers that charter schools request to assess what types of waivers could be available to traditional public schools if House Bill 1377 were signed into law.
Impacts Of Public School Choice Act Of 2013, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Impacts Of Public School Choice Act Of 2013, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
The Public School Choice Act of 2013 (Act 1227) allows students to transfer to a nonresident district. Previous school choice law restrictions based on race, were removed in the new law. As a result, concerns have been raised about the possible negative impacts of choice on districts’ racial balance. This brief addresses these concerns by examining the impact of the Public School Choice Act of 2013 on district enrollment and racial integration.
Quality Counts 2015, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Quality Counts 2015, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
In an attempt to gauge the educational progress of the nation and each state, Education Week has published state report cards since 1997 in its annual Quality Counts series. The 19 th annual report - Quality Counts 2015 - was released in January. Overall, Arkansas received an grade of C– and was ranked 36th among the 50 states. This policy brief examines Arkansas’ rank in each category of the report as well as the quality of the report itself.
Transportation Funding In Arkansas’ Schools, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Transportation Funding In Arkansas’ Schools, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
In a report to the Arkansas Joint Senate and House Education Committee meeting in September 2014, Picus Odden & Associates recommended that the Legislature change the state’s transportation funding system. Currently, transportation funding is distributed from the state to districts on a per pupil basis as a part of the unrestricted foundation formula. In doing so, the system does not account for the variation in costs of transportation for districts across the state; therefore, Picus Odden & Associates recommended that the state’s transportation funding structure be changed. The purpose of this policy brief is to highlight transportation funding in Arkansas …
National And State Research On Pre-Kindergarten, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
National And State Research On Pre-Kindergarten, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
Across the nation, over 1.3 million threeand four-year olds attend state funded pre-K programs in 40 states (and Washington D.C.).1 In Arkansas, over 25,000 three- and four-year olds are enrolled in state-funded programs. Since 2008, approximately $111 million a year of state funding has been spent on preKindergarten in Arkansas. 2 In the 2014 election season, the topic of pre-K and state funding for pre-K has been debated in a number of state races, including Arkansas. Therefore, the purpose of this policy brief is to describe pre-K in Arkansas and summarize the existing research examining the impact of pre-K.
Charter School Facilities Funding, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Charter School Facilities Funding, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
The equity and adequacy of facilities funding for charter schools (as well as traditional public schools (TPS)) is a topic of hot debate in Arkansas and across the country. Proponents of charters argue that charter schools are burdened due to a lack of facilities funding. Other argue that there are great needs in our TPS districts as well, and that these needs should be met first. This brief describes what facilities funding is currently available to charter schools in Arkansas and what other states are doing that we could possibly leverage here in the Natural State.
Next Generation Science Standards, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Next Generation Science Standards, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
This policy brief provides an overview of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), voluntary state science standards that are intended to improve the quality of science instruction in the U.S. The brief discusses the history of science standards, the development of the NGSS and its current status, arguments for and against the standards, and the status of the NGSS in Arkansas.
Schools Of Innovation, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Schools Of Innovation, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
Act 601, passed in April 2013, allows for schools to apply to become “schools of innovation.” Accepted schools receive flexibility from certain regulations in order to facilitate the use of innovative approaches to teaching and learning. In this policy brief, we discuss the history of Act 601, similar models in other states and their results, the application and approval process, the 2014-15 schools of innovation, and the role of the Office of Innovation for Education in supporting schools of innovation.
2013-14 Arkansas Test Results, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
2013-14 Arkansas Test Results, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
In late July, the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) released the 2013- 14 test score results. The following brief highlights the results of these tests, compares achievement scores over time, and provides a glimpse of regional achievement results for the following exams: Benchmark Exam (Grades 3-8) End-of-Course Exam (Algebra I, Geometry, Biology, and Grade 11 Literacy). Iowa Test of Basic Skills (Grades 1-9)
Career Readiness: Arkansas And Beyond, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Career Readiness: Arkansas And Beyond, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
This policy brief explores how career and technical education is being approached in Arkansas and elsewhere. New career and college readiness initiatives have been undertaken in a variety of settings, including the academy model that is highlighted in this brief. Additionally, the brief will explore career readiness from an international and national perspective and discuss the rationale for why career readiness matters for a considerable number of students in the public schools and workforce development programs across Arkansas.
Early College High School, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Early College High School, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
In the past decade, there has been a growing trend of offering opportunities to high school students to earn college credit. These opportunities have come in many forms: Advanced Placement (AP) courses, International Baccalaureate (IB) courses, dual enrollment, and concurrent enrollment. Early college high schools have developed in the wake of this trend. This policy brief examines Early College High Schools, small schools designed to enable students to earn both a high school diploma and an Associate’s degree or up to two years of college credit, tuition free.
New Tech Network In Arkansas, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
New Tech Network In Arkansas, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
The New Tech Network high school model is a component of Governor Beebe’s 2011 STEM Works Initiative and currently operating in several Arkansas high schools. This policy brief examines the New Tech model, including both its successes and challenges, and spotlights two Arkansas high schools that are using the model.
East Initiative, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
East Initiative, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
EAST (Environmental and Spatial Technology) is an educational program developed through the vision of one Arkansas educator in 1996. Since then, EAST programs have been implemented throughout Arkansas and have even expanded into other states. This policy brief describes the EAST model and provides spotlights on schools that are using the model in exemplary ways.
Meet The Candidates: 2014 Arkansas Gubernatorial Race, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Meet The Candidates: 2014 Arkansas Gubernatorial Race, Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
Earlier this spring, we at the OEP were fortunate to sit down with three of the candidates vying to become the next Governor of Arkansas. The candidates were generous enough to give us their time and allow us to post the full interviews on YouTube. If you prefer an abridged version, this policy brief summarizes the candidates’ views on a range of important education policy issues. We hope that these interviews will be informative for your vote on May 20th in the party primaries.
Traditional Public School And Charter School Funding In Arkansas (Updated), Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Traditional Public School And Charter School Funding In Arkansas (Updated), Sarah C. Mckenzie, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
The existence and expansion of charter schools in Arkansas continue to be controversial. Proponents of charters argue that charter schools are unfairly burdened because they do not have access to local property tax revenue. Critics of charters, on the other hand, argue that charter schools pull funding away from traditional public schools. This brief examines the funding of traditional public schools and charter schools across the state and in the particular regions in which most Arkansas charter schools are located.
Charter School Authorizers, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
Charter School Authorizers, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
Two types of charter schools exist in Arkansas: open-enrollment charter schools, which operate independently of any district, and district conversion charter schools, which operate within an existing school district. Charter schools have more autonomy on certain rules and regulations than traditional public schools; however, charter schools are held accountable for academic results and fiscal matters, as defined by the charters contract. Charter schools are approved and held accountable by a charter authorizer. In the 2013 General Assembly, a law passed to change Arkansas’ charter authorizer from the State Board of Education to a newly created panel within the Department of …
2012-13 Arkansas Test Results, Michael L. Crouch, Gary W. Ritter
2012-13 Arkansas Test Results, Michael L. Crouch, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
In early August, the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) released the 2012-2013 test score results. The following brief will highlight the results of these tests, compare achievement scores over time, and provide a glimpse of regional achievement results for the following exams: Benchmark Exam (Grades 3-8) End-of-Course Exam (Algebra I, Geometry, Biology, and Grade 11 Literacy). Iowa Test of Basic Skills (Grades 1-9)
2013 Legislative Review, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
2013 Legislative Review, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
The 89th General Assembly in Arkansas convened on Monday January 14th and would file 2,640 pieces of legislation over the next 100 days. Of this legislation, there were 145 House Bills, 4 House Resolutions, and 97 Senate Bills referred to either the House or Senate Education Committees. That is a grand total of 246 pieces of “education” legislation representing roughly 9 percent of legislation filed in the session. The purpose of this policy brief is to review some of the “high -profile” education bills during the session. The highlighted bills here are split into three categories: 1) school choice, 2) …
Categorical Funding In Arkansas, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
Categorical Funding In Arkansas, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
As a result of the Arkansas Supreme Court’s Lake View v. Huckabee Decision, the Public School Funding Act of 2003 established Arkansas’ current funding system. A part of the current system allocates additional funding for districts based on need (categorical funding). In doing so, the state recognizes that it is necessary to distribute additional funding based on educational need to meet adequacy and equity standards. The system allocates funding for groups of students who face particular challenges: Alternative Learning Environment students (ALE), English-language Learners (ELL), and students in poverty (National School Lunch Act). In the current legislative session, lawmakers are …
Fifth…Or Forty-Ninth? Examining Educational Rankings In Arkansas, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
Fifth…Or Forty-Ninth? Examining Educational Rankings In Arkansas, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
Media outlets, as well as many leaders across the state, have recently been trumpeting the Natural State’s fifth-place ranking in the latest release of Education Week’s Quality Counts, which assigns letter grades to every state on a menu of education measures, to suggest that Arkansas schools “rank fifth in the country.” On the other hand, the state received a D on the Student Achievement category of Quality Counts and many Arkansans are accustomed to seeing Arkansas ranked at or near the bottom among all states on measures related to education and economic well-being. For example, on measures of college degree …
Quality Counts 2013, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
Quality Counts 2013, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
In an attempt to gauge the educational progress of the nation and each state, Education Week has published state report cards since 1997 in its annual Quality Counts series. The 17 h annual report - Quality Counts 2013 - was released in January. Overall, Arkansas maintained last year’s ranking of 5 th among the 50 states and earned the highest score of the eight states in the U.S. that received a B- (dropping from a grade of ‘B’ last year). This policy brief examines Arkansas’ rank in each category of the report as well as the quality of the report …
Academic Performance Of Charter Schools In Arkansas: 2011-2012, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
Academic Performance Of Charter Schools In Arkansas: 2011-2012, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
The 2013 legislative session is underway, and there are a number of policy changes under consideration. One hotly-debated issue involves whether the state should allow for multiple authorizers for charter schools (currently, only the State Board of Education may authorize charter schools). Moreover, several charter schools will testify before the State Board of Education in spring 2013 seeking charter reauthorization. As the issue of charter schools again takes center stage, we present an extension of our 2012 policy brief focused on charter schools. While our previous brief presented descriptive data on state’s open enrollment charter schools, this policy brief takes …
2011-12 Arkansas Open-Enrollment Charter School Test Results, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
2011-12 Arkansas Open-Enrollment Charter School Test Results, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
Charter schools are receiving more attention in Arkansas and across the nation, as the number of these public schools of choice in Arkansas fluctuates each year. Some charters have been closed, while new ones have been opened. Further, in many media outlets, charter schools are often lumped together as one entity. However, ‘charter school’ is not a blanket term. They are separate schools run under separate charter documents with different operators. In Arkansas, there are two types of charter schools: conversion charter schools and openenrollment charter schools. Conversion charter schools are governed by the leadership in the district in which …
Houston, We Have A…Solution?, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
Houston, We Have A…Solution?, Reed Greenwood, Gary W. Ritter
Policy Briefs
The Arkansas Department of Education recently released the list of the lowest performing schools in Arkansas—labeled as focus and priority schools. Now that these schools have been singled out, they will be subjected to heavy intervention. Educators and policymakers all over Arkansas have their eyes on these schools and are asking - what's next? How do we turn around lower performing schools? What works? In this policy brief, we outline one particular program—the Apollo 20 program—that is working to turnaround achievement in lower performing schools. Early results show gains comparable with prominent charter schools in the nation, but some criticize …