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Full-Text Articles in Law
The Free Exercise Clause: Fealty To God Or Caesar, John O. Hayward
The Free Exercise Clause: Fealty To God Or Caesar, John O. Hayward
John O. Hayward
This essay furnishes a modest definition of “religion,” briefly reviews the historical background of the Free Exercise Clause, examines several significant U.S. Supreme Court decisions, including the controversial Hobby Lobby case, that have defined, expanded and limited this clause, and finally, argues that the Court in interpreting the Free Exercise clause should be mindful of the writings of seventeenth century political philosopher John Locke (1632-1704), who maintained that the state should allow all religions to pursue their own goals as long as they don’t produce civil harms. Lastly, the article concludes with a caveat that a country whose citizens have …
Exotic Dancing: Taxable Trash Or Exempt Art, John O. Hayward
Exotic Dancing: Taxable Trash Or Exempt Art, John O. Hayward
John O. Hayward
Exotic dancers usually embroil themselves in censorship battles with local authorities. But recently they have drawn the attention of tax authorities who have tussled with the owners of so-called “gentlemen’s clubs” over whether the exotic dancing performed in their establishments are subject to taxation. This paper examines two recent cases where state authorities choose to tax exotic dancing while at the same time exempting what some jurists regard as comparable choreographic performances. In the opinion of these commentators, the tax authorities exhibited a bias against low-brow artistic expression, thus engaging in impermissible content discrimination. It advances the proposition that judges …
Religious Pretenders In The Courts: Unmasking The Imposters, John O. Hayward
Religious Pretenders In The Courts: Unmasking The Imposters, John O. Hayward
John O. Hayward
When courts decide First Amendment “Free Exercise” cases, they often are confronted with the daunting task of defining what exactly is a “religion.” This article examines how judicial definitions and interpretations of religious faith have evolved over many decades, including legal recognition of Wicca (modern day witchcraft) and Hare Krishna as “religions,” as well as courts steering clear of the issue whenever possible, for example, when faced with an adherent of the “Church of Body Modification” who claims her employer’s dress code violates her religion. It also explores how courts have sought to uncover deception and fraud hiding behind disingenuous …
Hysteria Over Sexting: A Plea For A Common Sense Approach, John O. Hayward
Hysteria Over Sexting: A Plea For A Common Sense Approach, John O. Hayward
John O. Hayward
Teenagers have enthusiastically embraced digital technology and its myriad assortment of electronic devices and gadgets. But unfortunately they often find themselves the target of numerous laws criminalizing their use. Sending sexy photos of themselves in various stages of undress to their favorite boyfriend or girlfriend earns them unwanted attention from school administrators as well as criminal complaints from the local district attorney accusing them of trafficking in child pornography! This article deals with “sexting,” the practice of “sending, receiving, or forwarding sexually explicit messages, photos, or images via cell phone, computer, or other digital device.” (The term is a combination …
Is Sexting The New Witchcraft? A Plea For A Common Sense Approach., John O. Hayward
Is Sexting The New Witchcraft? A Plea For A Common Sense Approach., John O. Hayward
John O. Hayward
Teenagers have enthusiastically embraced digital technology and its myriad assortment of electronic devices and gadgets. But unfortunately they often find themselves the target of numerous laws criminalizing their use. Sending sexy photos of themselves in various stages of undress to their favorite boyfriend or girlfriend earns them unwanted attention from school administrators as well as criminal complaints from the local district attorney accusing them of trafficking in child pornography! This article deals with “sexting,” the practice of “sending, receiving, or forwarding sexually explicit messages, photos, or images via cell phone, computer, or other digital device.” (The term is a combination …
Is Sexting The New Witchcraft? A Plea For A Common Sense Approach, John O. Hayward
Is Sexting The New Witchcraft? A Plea For A Common Sense Approach, John O. Hayward
John O. Hayward
Teenagers have enthusiastically embraced digital technology and its myriad assortment of electronic devices and gadgets. But unfortunately they often find themselves the target of numerous laws criminalizing their use. Sending sexy photos of themselves in various stages of undress to their favorite boyfriend or girlfriend earns them unwanted attention from school administrators as well as criminal complaints from the local district attorney accusing them of trafficking in child pornography! This article deals with “sexting,” the practice of “sending, receiving, or forwarding sexually explicit messages, photos, or images via cell phone, computer, or other digital device.” (The term is a combination …