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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Law
A Winn For Educational Pluralism, Nicole Stelle Garnett
A Winn For Educational Pluralism, Nicole Stelle Garnett
Nicole Stelle Garnett
This short essay takes as its starting point on the Supreme Court’s recent decision in Winn v. Arizona Christian Tuition Organization, which involved an Establishment Clause challenge to Arizona’s scholarship tax program — a school-choice device that provides tax credits from state income taxes for donations to organizations granting scholarship to private K-12 schools. In Winn, a divided court ruled that taxpayers lack standing to challenge this and other tax credit programs — thereby dramatically limiting the Flast v. Cohen exception to the no-taxpayer-standing rule. The essay makes the case that the Winn will promote authentic educational pluralism by clearing …
God & Man In The Military: Military Commanders And The First Amendment, James J. Woodruff Ii
God & Man In The Military: Military Commanders And The First Amendment, James J. Woodruff Ii
James J. Woodruff II
In an attempt to provide clarity in the stormy seas presented at the intersection of church and state we have followed a three-step process to resolve religious liberty issues. A military commander may experience bewilderment when confronted with questions such as when is public prayer allowed or when can a religious artwork be displayed on amilitary installation. This article will review the three-step process to utilize in answering most religious-based First Amendment issues that arise during military operations. It will also provide a new manner of thinking regarding the separation of church and state.
Silence Is Golden: Moments Of Silence, Legislative Prayers, And The Establishment Clause, Eric Segall
Silence Is Golden: Moments Of Silence, Legislative Prayers, And The Establishment Clause, Eric Segall
Eric J. Segall
No abstract provided.
Free Exercise Of Religion Before The Bench: Empirical Evidence From The Federal Courts, Michael Heise, Gregory C. Sisk
Free Exercise Of Religion Before The Bench: Empirical Evidence From The Federal Courts, Michael Heise, Gregory C. Sisk
Michael Heise
We analyze various factors that influence judicial decisions in cases involving Free Exercise Clause or religious accommodation claims and decided by lower federal courts. Religious liberty claims, including those moored in the Free Exercise Clause, typically generate particularly difficult questions about how best to structure the sometimes contentious relation between the religious faithful and the sovereign government. Such difficult questions arise frequently in and are often framed by litigation. Our analyses include all digested Free Exercise and religious accommodation claim decisions by federal court of appeals and district court judges from 1996 through 2005. As it relates to one key …
Religion, School, And Judicial Decision Making: An Empirical Perspective, Michael Heise, Gregory C. Sisk
Religion, School, And Judicial Decision Making: An Empirical Perspective, Michael Heise, Gregory C. Sisk
Michael Heise
We analyze various influences on judicial outcomes favoring religion in cases involving elementary and secondary schools and decided by lower federal courts. A focus on religion in the school context is warranted as the most difficult and penetrating questions about the proper relationship between Church and State have arisen with special frequency, controversy, and fervor in the often-charged atmosphere of education. Schools and the Religion Clauses collide persistently, and litigation frames many of these collisions. Also, the frequency and magnitude of these legal collisions increase as various policy initiatives increasingly seek to leverage private and religious schools in the service …
Ideology 'All The Way Down'? An Empirical Study Of Establishment Clause Decisions In The Federal Courts, Gregory Sisk, Michael Heise
Ideology 'All The Way Down'? An Empirical Study Of Establishment Clause Decisions In The Federal Courts, Gregory Sisk, Michael Heise
Michael Heise
As part of our ongoing empirical examination of religious liberty decisions in the lower federal courts, we studied Establishment Clause rulings by federal court of appeals and district court judges from 1996 through 2005. The powerful role of political factors in Establishment Clause decisions appears undeniable and substantial, whether celebrated as the proper integration of political and moral reasoning into constitutional judging, shrugged off as mere realism about judges being motivated to promote their political attitudes, or deprecated as a troubling departure from the aspirational ideal of neutral and impartial judging. In the context of Church and State cases in …
Religious Events In Public Schools: Celebration Or Controversy?, Ralph Mawdsley, Charles Russo
Religious Events In Public Schools: Celebration Or Controversy?, Ralph Mawdsley, Charles Russo
Charles J. Russo
This article presents 3 questions for discussion: Can religious holidays be honored as long as all religions are treated equally? Can school officials ban all celebrations of religious holidays? Can officials choose to honor only certain holiday seasons but not others? The courts have increasingly disfavored religious celebrations and other religious activities in public schools. In a world where religious strife is rampant, if children are prohibited from learning about the religious traditions of peers, how will they ever develop tolerance for and an appreciation of people whose beliefs differ from their own?
Hostility Toward Religion And The Rise And Decline Of Constitutionally Protected Religious Speech, Ralph Mawdsley, Charles Russo
Hostility Toward Religion And The Rise And Decline Of Constitutionally Protected Religious Speech, Ralph Mawdsley, Charles Russo
Charles J. Russo
No abstract provided.
The "Blaine" Debate: Must States Fund Religious Schools?, Laura S. Underkuffler
The "Blaine" Debate: Must States Fund Religious Schools?, Laura S. Underkuffler
Laura S. Underkuffler
In Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, the United States Supreme Court held-by a vote of 5 to 4-that the funding of religious schools with taxpayer money through voucher programs does not violate the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution. Emboldened by this success, voucher proponents now attack state constitutional provisions (often called "Blaine Amendments") that prohibit taxpayer funding of religious schools. These state provisions, which may stand in the way of religious-school voucher programs, are attacked as violative of the federal Constitution, rooted in anti-religious bias, or otherwise illegal or unwise. It is my view that efforts to force states to …
Public Funding For Religious Schools: Difficulties And Dangers In A Pluralistic Society, Laura S. Underkuffler
Public Funding For Religious Schools: Difficulties And Dangers In A Pluralistic Society, Laura S. Underkuffler
Laura S. Underkuffler
No abstract provided.
The Price Of Vouchers For Religious Freedom, Laura S. Underkuffler
The Price Of Vouchers For Religious Freedom, Laura S. Underkuffler
Laura S. Underkuffler
No abstract provided.
Through A Glass Darkly: Van Orden, Mccreary, And The Dangers Of Transparency In Establishment Clause Jurisprudence, Laura S. Underkuffler
Through A Glass Darkly: Van Orden, Mccreary, And The Dangers Of Transparency In Establishment Clause Jurisprudence, Laura S. Underkuffler
Laura S. Underkuffler
No abstract provided.
The Challenge Of Co-Religionist Commerce, Michael A. Helfand, Barak D. Richman
The Challenge Of Co-Religionist Commerce, Michael A. Helfand, Barak D. Richman
Michael A Helfand
This Article addresses the rise of “co-religionist commerce” in the United States—that is, the explosion of commercial dealings that take place between co-religionists who intend their transactions to achieve both commercial and religious objectives. To remain viable, co-religionist commerce requires all the legal support necessary to sustain all other commercial relationships. Contracts must be enforced, parties must be protected against torts, and disputes must be reliably adjudicated.
Under current constitutional doctrine, co-religionist commercial agreements must be translated into secular terminology if there are to be judicially enforced. However, religious goods and services often cannot be accurately translated without religious terms …