Law Commons^™

Constitutional Newspeak: Learning To Love The Affordable Care Act Decision, A. Christopher Bryant

Aaron Christopher Bryant

Constitutional Newspeak: Learning to Love the Affordable Care Act Decision In his classic dystopian novel, 1984, George Orwell imagines a world in which language is regularly contorted to mean its opposite – as in the waging of war by the Ministry of Peace and infliction of torture by the Ministry of Love. A core claim of Orwell’s was that such abuse of language – which in his novel he labeled “Newspeak” -- would ultimately channel thought. Whatever the merits of this claim as a theory of linguistics, constitutional developments too recent to be called history demonstrate that as a practical …

When The Tenth Justice Doesn’T Bark: The Unspoken Freedom Of Health Holding In Nfib V. Sebelius, Abigail Moncrieff

Abigail R. Moncrieff

There was an argument that Solicitor General Donald B. Verrilli could have made—but didn’t—in defending Obamacare’s individual mandate against constitutional attack. That argument would have highlighted the role of comprehensive health insurance in steering individuals’ health care savings and consumption decisions. Because consumer-directed health care, which reaches its apex when individuals self insure, suffers from several known market failures and because comprehensive health insurance policies play an unusually aggressive regulatory role in attempting to correct those failures, the individual mandate could be seen as an attempt to eliminate inefficiencies in the health care market that arise from individual decisions to …

Disclosure To The Rescue: A Conceptual Framework For Retained Asset Accounts, Maria Hylton

Maria Hylton

This paper examines the relatively recent creation by life insurers of retained asset accounts (RAAs). An RAA is a fictional “account” into which a beneficiary’s insurance proceeds may be “deposited” in lieu of a traditional check upon the death of an insured. Many RAAs earn a rate of interest that is greater than that available on funds deposited in a conventional ban account, but less than the return on investment an insurer is able to generate. The insurer profits from this spread. RAAs have been controversial as beneficiaries claim that limited disclosure to them has made it difficult to make …

Putting Boomers To Pasture: Does The 2010 Mippa Legislation Reinforce The Nursing Home Bias?, Robert S. Bloink

Robert S Bloink

Unfunded health care expenses pose one of the greatest threats to the postretirement income security of seniors in America today. It is estimated that the average couple retiring in 2012 will require savings of approximately a quarter million dollars dedicated solely to their unfunded postretirement health care expenses, but this estimate does not factor in the expensive long-term care that most retirees will require toward the end of their lives. That the quarter-million dollar figure does not include the rapidly increasing cost of long-term care should alarm both retirees and those baby boomers approaching retirement age today. Controversial healthcare reform …

Putting Boomers To Pasture: Does The 2010 Mippa Legislation Reinforce The Nursing Home Bias?, Robert S. Bloink

Robert S Bloink

Unfunded health care expenses pose one of the greatest threats to the postretirement income security of seniors in America today. It is estimated that the average couple retiring in 2012 will require savings of approximately a quarter million dollars dedicated solely to their unfunded postretirement health care expenses, but this estimate does not factor in the expensive long-term care that most retirees will require toward the end of their lives. That the quarter-million dollar figure does not include the rapidly increasing cost of long-term care should alarm both retirees and those baby boomers approaching retirement age today. Controversial healthcare reform …

Dodd-Frank's Inappropriate Treatment Of Insurance Companies: A 'Sifi' Situtation, Mark M. Makhail

Mark M Makhail

Abstract available upon request.

Risky Business: Health Care Reform’S Impact On The Health-Benefits Market, Nate Horsley

Nate Horsley

This Paper begins by discussing the two largest barriers preventing a value-driven health-benefits market: market conditions that require insurance carriers to compete on risk and the average consumer’s difficulty in making informed, rational purchasing decisions. The Paper then provides a brief overview of the changes PPACA attempts to make and evaluates PPACA’s ability to disincentivize risk-based competition. After analyzing the possible roles for consumers in this new system, the Author concludes that while the insurance exchange provides a solid basis for reducing risk-driven competition, truly empowering consumers to drive the market will prove to be a difficult task.

Le Polizze Linked Come Prodotti Finanziari E La Forma Scritta Del Contratto, Valerio Sangiovanni

Valerio Sangiovanni

No abstract provided.

Test-Achats: Why The European Court Of Justice Should Rethink Its Principle Of Equal Treatment Jurisprudence In The Context Of Sex Discrimination, Alexander Goodenough

Alexander Goodenough

The European Court of Justice found in Assoc. belge des Consommateurs Test-Achats ASBL v. Conseil des Ministres that the use of gender by insurance companies to assess statistical risks is unlawful under the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. This ruling has very important implications for the provision of insurance within the European Union. My article argues that the European Court of Justice’s opinion in Test-Achats is not only damaging to the European insurance industry but also contrary to the European Court of Justice’s own jurisprudence.

Is The Middle East Moving Toward Islamism After The Arab Spring? The Case Study Of The Egyptian Commercial And Financial Laws, Radwa S. Elsaman Ms., Ahmed Eldakak Mr.

Radwa S Elsaman

The parliamentary elections that followed the Egyptian Revolution witnessed an unprecedented success for Islamists as they secured an overwhelming majority of seats, suggesting that they may intend to amend many laws to bring it in compliance with the Islamic Shari’a. This article addresses legal challenges that will face the new majority if they decide to Islamize laws and regulations related to business and finance. Particularly, the article discusses Islamic money theory, trade, banking systems, consumer protection, insurance, competition, and tax systems. The article analyzes the Egyptian business and finance laws to examine whether they comply with Islamic law. It then …

The Department Of Health And Human Services Vs. Attorneys: Will The Federal Courts Tame An Agency Run Amuck, Anne M. Rife

Anne M Rife

The Department of Health and Human Services vs. Attorneys – Can and Will the Federal Courts Tame an Agency Run Amuck? ABSTRACT Medicare has been a system destined for financial trouble arguably since its creation in 1965. For years, Congress and the Department of Health and Human Services (“DHHS”) have passed legislation, regulations, and implemented procedures to try to save it. But, when DHHS decided to protect Medicare by suing attorneys, it took its role too far and placed attorneys in an ethical and procedural maelstrom. In Haro v. Sebelius, the United States District Court of Arizona recently addressed DHHS’s …

Noneconomic Medical Malpractice Damage Caps And Federal Equal Protection: Adding Insult To Injury, Russell Kazda

Russell Kazda

No abstract provided.

Gender Factor In The Insurance Law: Recent Development Of The Ecj In Context With The U.S. Approach, Vadim Mantrov

Vadim Mantrov

This essay discusses recent development of the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) on lawfulness of the use of the gender factor in calculation of insurance premiums and benefits. After summarizing effective regulation of the United States and the European Union, the essay provides not only relevant facts and reasoning of the ECJ but also critical review of this reasoning and reveals differences of approaches between the U.S. Supreme court and the ECJ. Still, it concludes that the ECJ left door open for possible adaptations for lawfulness of the use of gender factor in future.

Gender Factor In The Insurance Law: Recent Development Of The Ecj In Context With The U.S. Approach, Vadim Mantrov

Vadim Mantrov

This essay discusses recent development of the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) on lawfulness of the use of the gender factor in calculation of insurance premiums and benefits. After summarizing effective regulation of the United States and the European Union, the essay provides not only relevant facts and reasoning of the ECJ but also critical review of this reasoning and reveals differences of approaches between the U.S. Supreme court and the ECJ. Still, it concludes that the ECJ left door open for possible adaptations for lawfulness of the use of gender factor in future.

Too Many Teeth: Understanding The Medicare Secondary Payer Act And Its Threat To Businesses, James J. Hennelly Iii

James J. Hennelly III

The Medicare Secondary Payer Act (“MSP”), first enacted in 1980, has undergone several changes over the past three decades in an effort by the government to recoup some of its losses from conditional payments it makes on behalf of Medicare beneficiaries. In light of Congress’s many cost-cutting exploits of late, more attention should be drawn towards recent amendments to the MSP in an effort to find a healthy balance between the government’s interest in recouping its losses and private businesses’ interest in staying in business. Congress reacted to increasing Medicare costs in 2003 by inserting in the Medicare Modernization Act …

Insurance Structure And Health Investment, Nicholas L. Georgakopoulos

Nicholas L Georgakopoulos

The structure of health insurance does not compensate insurers for long-term investments in health, such as those against chronic disease. This paper explores the legal structure of chronic disease treatment by insurers, illustrates the failure of the associated incentives, explores possible improvements and recommends that subsequent insurers (including Medicare) have an obligation to compensate the prior insurer for the averted expenses on diseases that were expected but did not occur.

Assicurazione Sulla Vita, Reticenze Del Contraente E Nozione Di Dolo O Colpa Grave, Valerio Sangiovanni

Valerio Sangiovanni

No abstract provided.

Non-Recourse Mortages – A Fresh Start, Ron Harris, Asher Meir

Ron Harris

In about a quarter of US states, all residential mortgages are essentially non-recourse, meaning that in case of default, the lender can only repossess the house but cannot collect on the private assets and future income of the borrower. This American innovation is now beginning to attract extensive interest abroad, but ironically in the US itself is getting a bad name. The law has been blamed for exacerbating the financial crisis, while stricken homeowners who take advantage of it have been scolded by lenders and even by the Secretary of the Treasury. We propose a fresh and more balanced look …

Formulating A Soda Tax Fit For Consumption: A Pragmatic Approach To Implementing The Failed New York Soda Tax., Joseph Desantis

Joseph Angelo DeSantis

Previous attempts to levy a one-cent per-ounce tax on sodas, or sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), have failed because they are modeled after a sin tax. This article proposes a different approach. An SSB tax should have two limited aims: (1) avoid implicitly demonizing soda consumption and (2) offset the cost of treating diseases attributed to SSB consumption. To these ends, this article explores using the basic principles of insurance to offset costs associated with risky behavior, without implicitly condemning that behavior. It further explores the link between SSB consumption and direct health costs to estimate a proper offset. Finally, this article …

A New Precedent: Health Insurance Coverage For Surrogate Mothers In The State Of Missouri, Anna L. Molitor

Anna L. Molitor

Part I of this Note discusses the current state of traditional and gestational surrogacy in the United States, as well as the Missouri legislature’s silence on the issue. Part II analyzes the MercyCare Insurance Co. v. Wisconsin Commissioner of Insurance decision and the underlying policy considerations that led to the Wisconsin Supreme Court’s ruling. Part III addresses the important precedent MercyCare could set for other states, including Missouri. This Note concludes with the recommendation that Missouri follow Wisconsin’s lead and mandate insurance coverage for infertility treatments, including the use of gestational surrogacy.

Regulation Not Prohibition: The Comparative Case Against The Insurable Interest Doctrine, Sharo Michael Atmeh

Sharo M Atmeh

American law requires an insurable interest—a pecuniary or affective stake in the subject of an insurance policy—as a predi-cate to properly obtaining insurance. In theory, the rule prevents both wagering on individual lives and moral hazard. In practice, the doctrine is avoided by complex insurance transaction structuring to effectuate both origination and transfers of insurance by individuals without an insurable interest. This paper argues that it is time to ab-andon the insurable interest doctrine. As both the English and Aus-tralian experiences indicate, elimination of the insurable interest doctrine will have little detrimental pecuniary effect on the insurance industry, while freeing …

"Healthism": A Critique Of The Antidiscrimination Approach To Health Insurance And Health-Care Reform, Jessica Roberts

Jessica L. Roberts

Discussions of health-status discrimination permeated the debate surrounding the 2010 health-care reform legislation, infusing those conversations with the language of civil rights. However, insurance is by its very nature discriminatory. Thus, an antidiscrimination paradigm is not the appropriate normative framework for addressing disparities in health-insurance coverage. This Article identifies an unresolvable tension between the antidiscrimination approach embraced by health-care reform advocates and the private health-insurance industry, which the Affordable Care Act seeks to preserve. The private health-insurance industry has historically disadvantaged individuals based on health status through risk-assessment and cost-sharing mechanisms. Proponents of health-care reform vilified these accepted business practices …

Can (And Should) An Insurance Defense Attorney Be Held Liable For Insurance Bad Faith?, Chad G. Marzen

Chad G. Marzen

Insurance defense lawyers are faced with many practical and ethical challenges in the contemporary practice of law. Outside of the practical and ethical challenges looms a question concerning insurance bad faith – can (and should) an insurance defense attorney and/or insurance defense law firm ever be held liable for insurance bad faith?

In this article, I state that with the ever-increasing expanse of bad faith liability today, insurance defense attorneys and law firms are potentially next to be encompassed in the liability circle. Today, as a general rule, insurance defense attorneys and law firms are not directly liable to an …

The “Ensuing Loss” Clause In Insurance Policies: The Forgotten And Misunderstood Antidote To Anti-Concurrent Causation Exclusions, Chris French

Christopher C. French

As a result of the 1906 earthquake and fire in San Francisco which destroyed the city, a clause known as the “ensuing loss” clause was created to address concurrent causation situations in which a loss follows both a covered peril and an excluded peril. Ensuing loss clauses appear in the exclusions section of such policies and in essence they provide that coverage for a loss caused by an excluded peril is nonetheless covered if the loss “ensues” from a covered peril. Today, ensuing loss clauses are found in “all risk” property and homeowners policies, which cover all losses except for …

The “Non-Cumulation Clause”: An “Other Insurance” Clause By Another Name, Chris French

Christopher C. French

How long-tail liability claims such as asbestos bodily injury claims and environmental property damage claims are allocated among multiple triggered policy years can result in the shifting of tens or hundreds of millions of dollars from one party to another. In recent years, insurers have argued that clauses commonly titled, “Prior Insurance and Non-Cumulation of Liability” (referred to herein as “Non-Cumulation Clauses”), which are found in commercial liability policies, should be applied to reduce or eliminate their coverage responsibilities for long-tail liability claims by shifting their coverage responsibilities to insurers that issued policies in earlier policy years. The insurers’ argument …

Debunking The Myth That Insurance Coverage Is Not Available Or Allowed For Intentional Torts Or Damages, Christopher French

Christopher C. French