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- The impossibility of internalization of all social costs; the four criticisms to Pigou by coase. The failure of deocupling liability; The difficulty of concept of causation; Coase Theorem (2)
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Full-Text Articles in Law
Contracting In The Contemporary World, Enrico Baffi
Contracting In The Contemporary World, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
This paper gives an interpretation of many aspects of modern way o stipulate contracts. The leit motive is that many change in the last century has happened because the cost of labor id increased The cost of concert with 50 musician is much more expensive now tan fifty years ago The fact that we use standard form contract, we do not make negotiation , we do not read contracts, all these things seems to depend by the fat the our time has more value now than on hundred years ago. Negotiation of an hour to obtain a reduction of price …
From Coase To Cooter: The Criticisms To Pigou’S Ideas, Enrico Baffi
From Coase To Cooter: The Criticisms To Pigou’S Ideas, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
The aim of this paper is at discovering the most profound divergences between Coase and Pigou. Coase is well known for his theorem, but in his article ”The Problem of social Cost” he wants to point all the convincing criticisms to Pigou way of reasoning or, it is probably more correct to say, to Pigou’s oral tradition. I have found at least four criticisms. The last one, that states that it is impossible to have a mechanism of internalization of all social costs , is probably the least appealing but that one that has the strongest roots. I have also …
Contracting In The Modern World, Enrico Baffi
Contracting In The Modern World, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
In this paper we try explore some of the basic features of mass contracting. In our opinion, there are basically four characteristics of mass contracting: the reduced negotiations, the dissemination of standard form contracts, the presence of abusive clauses, and the recapitulation of the contract and its execution in a single act of stipulation. a) The reduction in negotiations is the result first of all of the costs that this activity requires and of the costs required to manage personalised contracts; secondly, this reduction is the consequence of the greater advantage of mass-produced goods compared to personalised goods; ) The …
Contracting In The Modern World, Enrico Baffi
Contracting In The Modern World, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
In this paper I try explore some of the basic features of modern mass contracting. In my opinion, there are basically four characteristics of modern mass contracting: a)he reduced negotiations; b) the dissemination of standard form contracts; c) the presence of abusive clauses; d) and the recapitulation of the contract and its execution in a single act of stipulation. All the changes are the consequences in the changes of relative costs of activities: a) The reduction in negotiations is the result first of all of the costs that this activity requires and of the costs required to manage personalized contracts; …
The Problem Of Internalization Of Social Costs And The Ideas Of Ronal Coase, Enrico Baffi
The Problem Of Internalization Of Social Costs And The Ideas Of Ronal Coase, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
This work examines the influence of Coasian thought on the analysis of externalities as used by economists and legal economists. Ronald Coase, a Chicago scholar, advanced a series of criticisms of the Pigovian tax system; the theorem that bears his name is merely the best known. In his 1960 work, he sought to demonstrate that the internationalization of social costs was not always socially useful andd sometimes impossible. In addition, he identified other institutional solutions to which systems can - and often do - resort. One of these solutions is to simply authorize the harmful activity without introducing mechanisms to …
The Problem Of Internalization Of Social Costs And The Ideas Of Ronald Coase, Enrico Baffi
The Problem Of Internalization Of Social Costs And The Ideas Of Ronald Coase, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
This work examines the influence of Coasian thought on the analysis of externalities as used by economists and legal economists. Ronald Coase, a Chicago scholar, advanced a series of criticisms of the Pigovian tax system; the theorem that bears his name is merely the best known. In his 1960 work, he sought to demonstrate that the internationalization of social costs was not always socially useful. In addition, he identified other institutional solutions to which systems can - and often do - resort. One of these solutions is to simply authorise the harmful activity without introducing mechanisms to internalise social costs. …
The Problem Of Internalization Of Social Costs And The Ideas Of Ronald Coase, Enrico Baffi
The Problem Of Internalization Of Social Costs And The Ideas Of Ronald Coase, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
This work examines the influence of Coasian thought on the analysis of externalities as used by economists and legal economists. Ronald Coase, a Chicago scholar, advanced a series of criticisms of the Pigovian tax system; the theorem that bears his name is merely the best known. In his 1960 work, he sought to demonstrate that the internationalization of social costs was not always socially useful and in many casesimossible. In addition, he identified other institutional solutions to which systems can - and often do - resort. One of these solutions is to simply authorize the harmful activity without introducing mechanisms …
The Problem Of Internalization Of Social Costs And The Ideas Of Ronald Coase, Enrico Baffi
The Problem Of Internalization Of Social Costs And The Ideas Of Ronald Coase, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
This work examines the influence of Coasian thought on the analysis of externalities as used by economists and legal economists. Ronald Coase, a Chicago scholar, advanced a series of criticisms of the Pigovian tax system; the theorem that bears his name is merely the best known. In his 1960 work, he sought to demonstrate that the internationalization of social costs was not always socially useful and also difficult if not impossible to realize. In addition, he identified other institutional solutions to which systems can - and often do - resort. One of these solutions is to simply authorize the harmful …
Standard Contract Clauses As Public Goods. A New Way Of Reasoning, Enrico Baffi
Standard Contract Clauses As Public Goods. A New Way Of Reasoning, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
The aim of this work is to show how it is possible to identify market failures other than those traditionally identified by lawyers and law and economics scholars to justify the mandatory provisions of contracts between professionals and consumers and the equally mandatory provisions governing the abuse of economic dependency. This is a new approach that can be extended to other provisions and appears to rest on fairly solid microeconomic foundations. There is no doubt, however, that many criticisms can be leveled against it. Very briefly, I shall argue that the production of clauses characterized by being rather vague, indeterminate …
Public Goods And Contract Standard Clauses: A New Approach, Enrico Baffi
Public Goods And Contract Standard Clauses: A New Approach, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
The aim of this work is to show how it is possible to identify market failures other than those traditionally identified by lawyers and law and economics scholars to justify the mandatory provisions of contracts between professionals and consumers and the equally mandatory provisions governing the abuse of economic dependency. This is a new approach that can be extended to other provisions and appears to rest on fairly solid microeconomic foundations. There is no doubt, however, that many criticisms can be leveled against it. Very briefly, I shall argue that the production of clauses characterized by being rather vague, indeterminate …
Mental Budget: Inefficient Clauses Or Consumer Choices?, Enrico Baffi
Mental Budget: Inefficient Clauses Or Consumer Choices?, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
In this paper I aim to demonstrate that due the phenomenon of consumer mental accounting, it's not possible to consider money as fungible. Consumers decide to spend a certain amount of money for a kind of good and they are not willing to take some extra money from the jars that contain the money to spend for other goods. But consumers seem to have a sort of reserve which encompass efforts, time, and the possibility to bear risk that they use to save money and obtain a lower price for a good. To explain, a good can be delivered at …
Extending The Eu Financial Regulatory Framework To Aifm, Credi Derivatives, And Short Selling, Enrico Baffi, Dino Lattuca, Paolo Santella
Extending The Eu Financial Regulatory Framework To Aifm, Credi Derivatives, And Short Selling, Enrico Baffi, Dino Lattuca, Paolo Santella
enrico baffi
The European Commission followed the impulse from G20 for a coordinate response to the financial crisis by adopting a proposal for a Directive to mandate the clearing of suitable classes of OTC derivatives (the so-called EMIR proposal) and a proposal on alternative investment funds (AIFMD). However, the Commission further enlarged the regulatory perimeter by including in the AIFMD proposal also private equity funds and by adopting a proposal for Regulation on short selling. In particular, the EMIR proposal, currently (March 2011) under discussion at the Council and the European Parliament, follows closely the multilateral regulatory efforts by providing mandatory clearing …
Contract Standard Clauses As Public Goods: A New Approoach, Enrico Baffi
Contract Standard Clauses As Public Goods: A New Approoach, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
The aim of this work is to show how it is possible to identify market failures other than those traditionally identified by lawyers and law and economics scholars to justify the mandatory provisions of contracts between professionals and consumers and the equally mandatory provisions governing the abuse of economic dependency. This is a new approach that can be extended to other provisions and appears to rest on fairly solid microeconomic foundations. There is no doubt, however, that many criticisms can be leveled against it. Very briefly, I shall argue that the production of clauses characterized by being rather vague, indeterminate …
Mental Budget: Inefficient Clauses Or Consumer Choices?, Enrico Baffi
Mental Budget: Inefficient Clauses Or Consumer Choices?, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
In this paper I aim to demonstrate that due the phenomenon of consumer mental accounting, it's not possible to consider money as fungible. Consumers decide to spend a certain amount of money for a kind of good and they are not willing to take some extra money from the jars that contain the money to spend for other goods. But consumers seem to have a sort of reserve which encompass efforts, time, and the possibility to bear risk that they use to save money and obtain a lower price for a good. To explain, a good can be delivered at …
Standard Contract Clauses As Public Goods: A New Approach, Enrico Baffi
Standard Contract Clauses As Public Goods: A New Approach, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
The aim of this work is to show how it is possible to identify market failures other than those traditionally identified by lawyers and law and economics scholars to justify the mandatory provisions of contracts between professionals and consumers and the equally mandatory provisions governing the abuse of economic dependency. This is a new approach that can be extended to other provisions and appears to rest on fairly solid microeconomic foundations. There is no doubt, however, that many criticisms can be leveled against it. Very briefly, I shall argue that the production of clauses characterized by being rather vague, indeterminate …
The Failure Of Decoupling Liability And Other Mistakes In Tort Law, Enrico Baffi
The Failure Of Decoupling Liability And Other Mistakes In Tort Law, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
It's a common opinion among law and and economics scholars that with a regime of strict liability or a regime of negligence rule one party (but just one party) adopts an efficient level of activity. It's also a common idea the with a regime of strict liability and a tax on the victim equal to expected damage both parties take an efficent level of activity. We expalin in this paper why this opinions are wrong. The basic fact is that it is not considered by these opinions that, in order to have an efficient level of activity, it's necessary a …
Standard Contract Clauses. A Different Way To Consider This Problem, Enrico Baffi
Standard Contract Clauses. A Different Way To Consider This Problem, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
The aim of this work is to show how it is possible to identify market failures other than those traditionally identified by lawyers and law and economics scholars to justify the mandatory provisions of contracts between professionals and consumers and the equally mandatory provisions governing the abuse of economic dependency. This is a new approach that can be extended to other provisions and appears to rest on fairly solid microeconomic foundations. There is no doubt, however, that many criticisms can be leveled against it. Very briefly, I shall argue that the production of clauses characterized by being rather vague, indeterminate …
Standard Contract Clauses As Public Goods: A New Way To Approach The Problem, Enrico Baffi
Standard Contract Clauses As Public Goods: A New Way To Approach The Problem, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
The aim of this work is to show how it is possible to identify market failures other than those traditionally identified by lawyers and law and economics scholars to justify the mandatory provisions of contracts between professionals and consumers and the equally mandatory provisions governing the abuse of economic dependency. This is a new approach that can be extended to other provisions and appears to rest on fairly solid microeconomic foundations. There is no doubt, however, that many criticisms can be leveled against it. Very briefly, I shall argue that the production of clauses characterized by being rather vague, indeterminate …
The Problem Of Internalization Of Social Costs And The Ideas Of Ronald Coase, Enrico Baffi
The Problem Of Internalization Of Social Costs And The Ideas Of Ronald Coase, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
This work examines the influence of Coasian thought on the analysis of externalities as used by economists and legal economists. Ronald Coase, a Chicago scholar, advanced a series of criticisms of the Pigovian tax system; the theorem that bears his name is merely the best known. In his 1960 work, he sought to demonstrate that the internationalization of social costs was not always socially useful and sometimes impossible. In addition, he identified other institutional solutions to which systems can - and often do - resort. One of these solutions is to simply authorize the harmful activity without introducing mechanisms to …
The Problem Of Internalization Of Social Costs And The Ideas Of Ronadl Coase, Enrico Baffi
The Problem Of Internalization Of Social Costs And The Ideas Of Ronadl Coase, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
In this paper, I try to show that, although some arguments elaborated by Coase do not have a great practical importance, and that it seems that the most important one against a system of remedies for each externalities (if we are able to define this concept) is difficult to create, Coase has understood many problems that they have been at the basis of later studies in tort and property law; but, what is more important here, is to underline that a system of remedies for every externalities have been refused by eminent scholars after Coase The work of the English …
The Problem Of Internalization Of Social Costs. The Ideas Of Ronald Coase And The Discovery Of Another Very Important Intuition Of The English Author, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
In this paper Coase makes four criticisms to Pigou tradition. Probably the most important one is the criticism that states that it is impossible to have a tax for each externality. this is the less fascinating argument but it is also very convincing. However, in Coase paper, there is an intuition that partially destroys the conclusions that scholars have reached about tort law. Coase teaches us that decoupling in not sufficient to have an efficient result. I f you want that a party bears all the social costs than that party if she moves near a factory she should pay …
Contracting I The -Modern Woerld, Enrico Baffi
Contracting I The -Modern Woerld, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
In this paper I want to show that the change that we observe in the way of contracting do not depend by the market powers that firms would have obtained, but it is a phenomenon due to the change in relative costs of activities. There are activities that are labor intensive that must be abandoned in favor of activities that capital intensive, and there are activities that are time consuming that the people do not want to bea, as reading all the contract clauses of a standard form contract, that determine the necessity, probably, if there is not a state …
Contracting In Modern World, Enrico Baffi
Contracting In Modern World, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
In this paper I try explore some of the basic features of modern mass contracting. In my opinion, there are basically four characteristics of modern mass contracting: a)he reduced negotiations; b) the dissemination of standard form contracts; c) the presence of abusive clauses; d) and the recapitulation of the contract and its execution in a single act of stipulation. All the changes are the consequences in the changes of relative costs of activities: a) The reduction in negotiations is the result first of all of the costs that this activity requires and of the costs required to manage personalized contracts; …
Efficient Penalty Clauses With Debiasing: Lessons From Behavioral Law And Economics, Enrico Baffi
Efficient Penalty Clauses With Debiasing: Lessons From Behavioral Law And Economics, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
This paper builds upon the findings of cognitive psychology to revisit the prescriptive solutions proposed in the legal literature with respect to efficient penalty clauses. While refraining from generalizations regarding human behaviour, generalizations that might lead to positions quite removed from reality and in part ideological, as was the case with rational choice theory, the paper instead seeks to distinguish one situation from another in order to identify the existence of decision debiasing mechanisms capable of justifying - in the case of the set of rules in question - hypotheses in which lesser control over the penalty clause would be …
Mental Budget And Inefficient Clauses: A Lesson From Behavioral Law Nand Economics, Enrico Baffi
Mental Budget And Inefficient Clauses: A Lesson From Behavioral Law Nand Economics, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
This paper is an attempt to highlight how clauses, which are traditionally considered to be inefficient, may actually be desired by consumers. This anomaly originates in the fact that each individual builds a mental budget by dividing the money he has among the needs he intends to satisfy. According to consumers’ reasoning, money is not fungible, in the sense that amounts cannot be transferred from one expenditure to another. Consumers who behave in this way may sometimes find that they have depleted the amount they budgeted for an item while wanting to buy more of it. Since additional time, efforts …
Coase V. Pigou: A Still Difficult Debate After Fifty Years, Enrico Baffi
Coase V. Pigou: A Still Difficult Debate After Fifty Years, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
This paper examine the positions of Coase and Pigou about the problem of the externalities. From the reading of their most two important works it appears that Coase has a more relevant preference for a evaluation of efficiency at the total, while Pigou, with some exception, is convinced that is possible to reach marginal efficiency through taxes. It’s interesting that Coase, who has elaborated the famous theorem, is convinced that is not i to reach the efficiency at the margin every time and that sometimes is necessary a valuation at the total, that tells us which solution is more welfare …
Casev. Pigou: A Still Difficult Debate, Enrico Baffi
Casev. Pigou: A Still Difficult Debate, Enrico Baffi
enrico baffi
This paper examine the positions of Coase and Pigou about the problem of the externalities. From the reading of their most two important works it appears that Coase has a more relevant preference for a evaluation of efficiency at the total, while Pigou, with some exception, is convinced that is possible to reach marginal efficiency through taxes or compensation. It’s interesting that Coase, who has elaborated the famous theorem, is convinced that is not important to reach the efficiency at the margin every time and that sometimes is necessary a valuation at the total, that tells us which solution is …