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Equal Protection: Immigrants' Access To Healthcare And Welfare Benefits, Mel Cousins Dec 2013

Equal Protection: Immigrants' Access To Healthcare And Welfare Benefits, Mel Cousins

Mel Cousins

The adoption of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (hereinafter “PRWORA”) led to considerable litigation over immigrants’ rights to welfare benefits and access to health care. The approaches adopted by different courts (both federal and state) diverged significantly based on the various statutory schemes involved as well as distinct approaches to equal protection. However, no “on point” cases have reached the United States Supreme Court, so the “correct” approach remains unclear. Following the fiscal crisis of 2008, several states moved for increased exclusion of certain immigrants residing in the country legally from state healthcare or welfare …


Equal Protection, Immigrants And Access To Health Care And Welfare Benefits – A 2014 Update, Mel Cousins Dec 2013

Equal Protection, Immigrants And Access To Health Care And Welfare Benefits – A 2014 Update, Mel Cousins

Mel Cousins

The introduction of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) led to considerable litigation on the rights of immigrants to welfare benefits and access to health care. There was significant divergence between the approaches adopted by the different courts (both federal and State) based, in part, on the different statutory schemes involved but also on different approaches to equal protection. However, none of the cases reached the Supreme Court so the ‘correct’ approach remained unclarified. In response to the Great Recession and subsequent budget crises, several States have again excluded certain legal immigrants from the scope …


Habitual Residence: Fact Or (Legal) Fiction? Case C- C 255/13, I V. Health Service Executive, Mel Cousins Dec 2013

Habitual Residence: Fact Or (Legal) Fiction? Case C- C 255/13, I V. Health Service Executive, Mel Cousins

Mel Cousins

Although habitual residence would appear to be a ‘fact specific’ concept, the Court of Justice (CJEU) has increasingly interpreted habitual residence as a legal concept which links a person to the social security system of a specific Member State. Thus, for example, in Wencel, the CJEU ruled that a person could not have a habitual residence in two Member States at the same time. The Court has perhaps taken this approach to its most extreme lengths in the case of I where it has held that a man who had, due to illness, been ‘staying’ in Germany for 11 years …