Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Criminal Law (137)
- Criminal Procedure (69)
- Law Enforcement and Corrections (55)
- Law and Society (47)
- Courts (31)
-
- Law and Race (29)
- Civil Rights and Discrimination (27)
- Constitutional Law (26)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (19)
- State and Local Government Law (17)
- Human Rights Law (16)
- Legislation (16)
- Evidence (15)
- Juvenile Law (14)
- Comparative and Foreign Law (10)
- Legal Studies (10)
- International Law (9)
- Law and Psychology (9)
- Criminology and Criminal Justice (8)
- Judges (8)
- Jurisprudence (8)
- Law and Politics (8)
- Supreme Court of the United States (8)
- Law and Gender (7)
- Medical Jurisprudence (7)
- Public Law and Legal Theory (7)
- Legal Education (6)
- Sociology (6)
- Fourteenth Amendment (5)
- Institution
-
- University of Michigan Law School (91)
- Duke Law (36)
- Vanderbilt University Law School (25)
- Fordham Law School (15)
- Northwestern Pritzker School of Law (14)
-
- The University of Akron (6)
- Touro University Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center (6)
- Cornell University Law School (5)
- Pace University (5)
- Seattle University School of Law (5)
- University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law (5)
- Georgia State University College of Law (4)
- Marquette University Law School (4)
- Pepperdine University (4)
- St. Mary's University (4)
- Northern Illinois University (3)
- Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University (3)
- University of Baltimore Law (3)
- University of Cincinnati College of Law (3)
- University of Kentucky (3)
- Bridgewater State University (2)
- Brooklyn Law School (2)
- Cleveland State University (2)
- Collin College (2)
- Kennesaw State University (2)
- Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School (2)
- Maurer School of Law: Indiana University (2)
- Mitchell Hamline School of Law (2)
- New York Law School (2)
- The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law (2)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Michigan Law Review (54)
- Law and Contemporary Problems (32)
- University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform (21)
- Vanderbilt Law Review (16)
- Northwestern University Law Review (12)
-
- Fordham Law Review (8)
- Fordham Urban Law Journal (7)
- Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law (7)
- Michigan Journal of Race and Law (5)
- Pace Law Review (5)
- Akron Law Review (4)
- Georgia State University Law Review (4)
- Michigan Journal of International Law (4)
- Michigan Law Review First Impressions (4)
- Touro Law Review (4)
- Dalhousie Law Journal (3)
- Kentucky Law Journal (3)
- Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies (3)
- Michigan Journal of Gender & Law (3)
- Northern Illinois University Law Review (3)
- Seattle University Law Review (3)
- The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice (3)
- Catholic University Law Review (2)
- Cleveland State Law Review (2)
- ConLawNOW (2)
- Cornell International Law Journal (2)
- Cornell Law Review (2)
- Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law (2)
- Human Rights & Human Welfare (2)
- Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality (2)
Articles 1 - 30 of 299
Full-Text Articles in Law
Considering Caretakers: An Explicit Argument For Downward Departures During Federal Sentencing Mitigation For Caretakers Of Children, Danielle Sparber Bukacheski
Considering Caretakers: An Explicit Argument For Downward Departures During Federal Sentencing Mitigation For Caretakers Of Children, Danielle Sparber Bukacheski
University of Miami Law Review
The sentencing stage of the federal legal system provides defendants with an opportunity to articulate why the sentencing judge is justified in imposing less severe sentences. Yet, under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines, sentencing judges have been restricted in the characteristics and background information that can be utilized when imposing a downward departure from the recommended Guidelines sentence. More specifically, there is great variability regarding the extent to which family-related circumstances can be utilized as justification for a downward departure due to the Sentencing Commission’s ambiguous language. Considering the damaging effects of incarceration on children when a caretaker is physically removed …
Police Officers’ Perceptions Regarding Their Interactions With The Disabled In Kankakee County, Jilliann M. English
Police Officers’ Perceptions Regarding Their Interactions With The Disabled In Kankakee County, Jilliann M. English
ELAIA
Background Previous research shows the rate of crime against people with disabilities is significantly higher than the general population. Despite this, gaps in the training and resources for officers to assist those with disabilities may exist. Eadens et al. (2008) explored this issue by evaluating officer attitudes towards intellectual disabilities. Kankakee County has a significant disabled population, and Illinois is ranked very low in the improvement of related policies, making this a valuable area of interest. Methods This study utilized the modified version of the Social Distance Questionnaire (SDQ) used by Eadens et al. (2008), which is both qualitative and …
Social Ecology, Preventive Intervention, And The Administrative Transformation Of The Criminal Legal System, Mark R. Fondacaro
Social Ecology, Preventive Intervention, And The Administrative Transformation Of The Criminal Legal System, Mark R. Fondacaro
Georgia State University Law Review
This Article outlines an administrative model of criminal justice that provides a conceptual framework and empirical justification for transforming our criminal legal system from a backward-looking, adjudicative model grounded in principles of retribution toward a forward-looking model grounded in consequentialist principles of justice aimed at crime prevention and recidivism reduction. The Article reviews the historical roots and justifications for our current system, along with recent advances in the behavioral, social, and biological sciences that inform why and how the system fuels injustice. The concept of social ecology is introduced as an organizing framework for: (1) understanding why individuals do or …
Bailing On The Bondsman: An Argument For Abolishing Monetary Bail, Sean Freeland M.S., J.D.
Bailing On The Bondsman: An Argument For Abolishing Monetary Bail, Sean Freeland M.S., J.D.
Lincoln Memorial University Law Review Archive
Money bail as a condition for pretrial release has existed throughout American history. Two out of every three inmates held in jails across the United States have not been tried for a crime and are only held because they cannot afford to pay the cost of their bail. The longer a defendant awaits trial in detention, the higher the chance they will be convicted of a crime and sentenced to a longer term than a defendant who is awarded pretrial release. The prolonged time awaiting trial in detention contributes to recidivism and increased criminalization for individuals and their communities. For …
Insanity And Incompetency: Courts, Communities, And The Intersections Of Mental Illness And Criminal Justice In The Wake Of Kahler And Trueblood, Gwendolyn West
Insanity And Incompetency: Courts, Communities, And The Intersections Of Mental Illness And Criminal Justice In The Wake Of Kahler And Trueblood, Gwendolyn West
Golden Gate University Law Review
Today, people with mental illnesses in the United States are ten times more likely to be incarcerated than hospitalized. About 20 percent of the United States population experiences some kind of mental illness each year, and about 3 to 5 percent of the population experiences a severe and persistent mental illness. By contrast, more than 60 percent of jail inmates and at least 45 percent of prison inmates in the United States have a diagnosed mental illness. Studies have found that anywhere from 25 percent to 71 percent of people with serious mental illness in a given community have a …
After The Criminal Justice System, Benjamin Levin
After The Criminal Justice System, Benjamin Levin
Washington Law Review
Since the 1960s, the “criminal justice system” has operated as the common label for a vast web of actors and institutions. But as critiques of mass incarceration have entered the mainstream, academics, activists, and advocates increasingly have stopped referring to the “criminal justice system.” Instead, they have opted for critical labels—the “criminal legal system,” the “criminal punishment system,” the “prison industrial complex,” and so on. What does this re-labeling accomplish? Does this change in language matter to broader efforts at criminal justice reform or abolition? Or does an emphasis on labels and language distract from substantive engagement with the injustices …
Unreliable Forensic Science, Sarah Ciuffetelli
Unreliable Forensic Science, Sarah Ciuffetelli
Quest
The Effectiveness of Forensic Science
Research in progress for CRIJ 1301: Introduction to Criminal Justice
Faculty Mentor: Stefanie LeMaire
Sarah Ciuffetelli uses critical thinking to examine the effectiveness of forensic sciences during criminal investigations. The assignment requires students to find the most prominent scholarly research in forensic sciences and discuss its efficacy. Further, the research leads students to discuss the potential limitations investigators must consider when examining forensic evidence. Lastly, students find at least six scholarly sources to provide an in-depth analysis of the research.
Sarah begins by discussing the history of forensic science and the ever-increasing technology used in …
Carl Vinson Institute Presentation, Holly Lynde
Carl Vinson Institute Presentation, Holly Lynde
Georgia Criminal Law Review
No abstract provided.
Carceral Data: The Limits Of Transparency-As-Accountability In Prison Risk Data, Becka Hudson, Tomas Percival
Carceral Data: The Limits Of Transparency-As-Accountability In Prison Risk Data, Becka Hudson, Tomas Percival
Secrecy and Society
Prison data collection is a labyrinthine infrastructure. This article engages with debates around the political potentials and limitations of transparency as a form of “accountability,” specifically as it relates to carceral management and data gathering. We examine the use of OASys, a widely used risk assessment tool in the British prison system, in order to demonstrate how transparency operates as a means of legitimating prison data collection and ensuing penal management. Prisoner options to resist their file, or “data double,” in this context are considered and the decisive role of OASys as an immediately operationalized technical structure is outlined. We …
Syringe Service Programs In Indiana: Moving Past The “Moral” Concerns Of Harm Reduction Towards Effective Legislation, Steven Nisi
Syringe Service Programs In Indiana: Moving Past The “Moral” Concerns Of Harm Reduction Towards Effective Legislation, Steven Nisi
Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality
No abstract provided.
Innocent Until Presented, Aristo Pangaribuan
Innocent Until Presented, Aristo Pangaribuan
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
This paper analyzes a practice of presenting suspects, which is a ritual that displays a suspect before the media. Until now, although it is frequently used by the police, there has been no attempt to examine such practices in Indonesia. In the criminal procedure scholarship, there is no standard term to describe it. This article will refer to such ritual as a presentation of suspects. This ritual has also been practiced around the world with different methods and has a long history, especially in the United States. This article discusses the presentation of suspects and question whether such a ritual …
Against Capital Punishment, Zac Bright, Ben Austin (Editor)
Against Capital Punishment, Zac Bright, Ben Austin (Editor)
Brigham Young University Prelaw Review
Capital punishment has a strong legal precedence in the United States. Capital punishment has been a penal option for those who commit conspicuously wrong acts. For such acts, the punishment seems to be proportional to the crime. In addition to the punishment’s adherence to proportionality, capital punishment mitigates problematic outcomes.
This paper advocates, however, that capital punishment should be classified as “cruel and unusual punishment.” Such violation of the eighth amendment delegitimizes capital punishment. Consequently, The Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 should no longer be considered a valid law because of its constitutional violation.
The Slippery Concept Of "Object And Purpose" In International Criminal Law, Patrick J. Keenan
The Slippery Concept Of "Object And Purpose" In International Criminal Law, Patrick J. Keenan
American University International Law Review
In little more than twenty-five years, the field of international criminal law has grown from a small slice of public international law into a functioning system of international justice, complete with multiple juridical bodies and substantial scholarly attention. Building on the legacy of the Nuremberg Tribunals and drawing from international humanitarian law, human rights law, and domestic criminal law principles, international criminal law has become its own discipline. Creating any new field of law is a complicated endeavor; this is especially true when the field affects and is affected by so many politically sensitive issues. Throughout this doctrinal experiment, one …
Engaging In Equity-Centered Policymaking: State-Level Racial Equity Impact Assessment Trends, Lessons Learned, And Future Directions, Daina Strub Kabitz
Engaging In Equity-Centered Policymaking: State-Level Racial Equity Impact Assessment Trends, Lessons Learned, And Future Directions, Daina Strub Kabitz
Mitchell Hamline Law Review
No abstract provided.
Students, Threat, Race, And Police: An Empirical Study, Jason P. Nance, Michael Heise
Students, Threat, Race, And Police: An Empirical Study, Jason P. Nance, Michael Heise
Florida State University Law Review
The presence of law enforcement officers in schools is more pronounced today than ever before, altering the educational experiences of students nationwide. Although the benefits of having police in schools are unclear, the legal and policy implications flowing into students' lives are more established. Empirical studies repeatedly have documented a strong connection between regular police contact with schools and the increased rate at which school officials report students to law enforcement for committing various offenses, including lower-level offenses that arguably could be handled internally. This Article provides the first in-depth empirical study of data spanning a decade that identifies characteristics …
Policing The Police: Personnel Management And Police Misconduct, Max Schanzenbach
Policing The Police: Personnel Management And Police Misconduct, Max Schanzenbach
Vanderbilt Law Review
Police misconduct is at the top of the public policy agenda, but there is surprisingly little understanding of how police personnel management policies affect police misconduct. Police-civilian interactions in large jurisdictions are, in principle at least, highly regulated. But these regulations are at least partially counteracted by union contracts and civil service regulations that constrain discipline and other personnel decisions, thereby limiting a city’s ability to manage its police force. This Essay analyzes police personnel management by bringing forth evidence from a variety of data sources on police personnel practices as well as integrating an existing, but relatively siloed, literature …
Courts Without Court, Andrew G. Ferguson
Courts Without Court, Andrew G. Ferguson
Vanderbilt Law Review
What role does the physical courthouse play in the administration of criminal justice? This Article uses recent experiments with virtual courts to reimagine a future without criminal courthouses at the center. The key insight of this Article is to reveal how integral physical courts are to carceral control and how the rise of virtual courts helps to decenter power away from judges. This Article examines the effects of online courts on defendants, lawyers, judges, witnesses, victims, and courthouse officials and offers a framework for a better and less court-centered future. By studying post-COVID-19 disruptions around traditional conceptions of place, time, …
Can Islamic Law Principles Regarding Settlement Of Criminal Disputes Solve The Problem Of The U.S. Mass Incarceration?, Amin R. Yacoub, Becky Briggs
Can Islamic Law Principles Regarding Settlement Of Criminal Disputes Solve The Problem Of The U.S. Mass Incarceration?, Amin R. Yacoub, Becky Briggs
Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal
The mass incarceration crisis in the United States (US) remains a vexing issue to this day. Although the US incarcerated population has decreased by twenty-five percent amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the US remains a leading country in the number of incarcerated people per capita. Focusing on Islamic law principles governing settlement in criminal cases, the rehabilitative approach of the Icelandic criminal justice model, and the powerful role of prosecutors in serving justice, this research argues that integrating settlement and mediation into the prosecutorial proceedings will significantly reduce mass incarceration in the US.
Trauma: Community Of Color Exposure To The Criminal Justice System As An Adverse Childhood Experience, André Douglas Pond Cummings, Todd J. Clark, Caleb Gregory Conrad, Amy Dunn Johnson
Trauma: Community Of Color Exposure To The Criminal Justice System As An Adverse Childhood Experience, André Douglas Pond Cummings, Todd J. Clark, Caleb Gregory Conrad, Amy Dunn Johnson
University of Cincinnati Law Review
No abstract provided.
Criminal Justice Is Local: Why States Disregard Universal Jurisdiction For Human Rights Abuses, Jeremy A. Rabkin, Craig S. Lerner
Criminal Justice Is Local: Why States Disregard Universal Jurisdiction For Human Rights Abuses, Jeremy A. Rabkin, Craig S. Lerner
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
A German court recently convicted a minor Syrian official of abuses committed in Syria's civil war. The case was announced with fanfare but has since stirred no interest. Nor should this be surprising. The world has been here before. There was intense excitement in 1998, when British authorities arrested Augusto Pinochet, the former president of Chile, for human rights abuses committed in Chile. It was taken at the time as vindicating the doctrine that the worst human rights abuses fall under "universal jurisdiction," allowing any state to prosecute, even for crimes against foreign nationals on foreign territory. As generally acknowledged …
Justice For All? Impeding The Villainization Of Human Trafficking Victims Via The Expansion Of Vacatur Laws, Sarah Devaney
Justice For All? Impeding The Villainization Of Human Trafficking Victims Via The Expansion Of Vacatur Laws, Sarah Devaney
Pepperdine Law Review
It is common for human trafficking victims to acquire a criminal record as a result of the activities they are forced to engage in whilst being trafficked. Once these victims become survivors, their criminal record hinders them from wholly reacclimating to society. The current state of human trafficking laws provides little to no relief for human trafficking survivors in regard to alleviating their criminal records. Accordingly, human trafficking survivors are perpetually victimized by the United States criminal justice system. This Article explores the current state of human trafficking laws and their enduring effect on survivors. Specifically, the Article examines California’s …
Challenging Solitary Confinement Through State Constitutions, Alison Gordon
Challenging Solitary Confinement Through State Constitutions, Alison Gordon
University of Cincinnati Law Review
Eighth Amendment jurisprudence has resulted in limited scrutiny of solitary confinement despite the known harms associated with the practice. The two-part test established by the federal courts to evaluate Eighth Amendment claims and limitations on challenging prison conditions under the Prison Litigation Reform Act can make it difficult to establish that solitary confinement is cruel and unusual punishment.
State constitutional challenges to solitary confinement are underexplored. Nearly all state constitutions contain an equivalent provision to the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. State courts need not be bound by federal jurisprudence in interpreting the scope of the state …
Sentencing By Ambush: An Insider's Perspective On Plea Bargaining Reform, Justice Michael P. Donnelly
Sentencing By Ambush: An Insider's Perspective On Plea Bargaining Reform, Justice Michael P. Donnelly
Akron Law Review
The vast majority of cases in our state criminal justice system are resolved not by proceeding to trial but through negotiated plea agreements. These are contracts between the government and the accused in which both sides are negotiating for some form of benefit in the ultimate resolution. In this article, Justice Donnelly exposes what he sees as a flaw in the system in the manner in which trial court judges oversee this process of negotiation. In a significant number of cases, the state induces defendants to enter into a guilty plea with no certain sentence, amounting to an illusory agreement …
Restorative Retributivism, Brian M. Murray
Restorative Retributivism, Brian M. Murray
University of Miami Law Review
The current criminal justice moment is ripe for discussion of first principles. What the criminal law is, what it should do, and why society punishes is as relevant as ever as communities reconsider the reach of the criminal law and forms of punishment like incarceration. One theory recently put forth—reconstructivism—purports to offer a descriptive and normative theory of the criminal law and punishment while critiquing the ills of the American system. It comprehends the criminal law and punishment as functional endeavors, with the particular goal of restitching or “reconstructing” the social fabric that crime disrupts. In particular, reconstructivism is a …
Stepping Towards Justice: The Case For The Illinois Constitution Requiring More Protection Than Not Falling Below “Cruel And Unusual” Punishment, Andrea D. Lyon, Hannah J. Brooks
Stepping Towards Justice: The Case For The Illinois Constitution Requiring More Protection Than Not Falling Below “Cruel And Unusual” Punishment, Andrea D. Lyon, Hannah J. Brooks
Northern Illinois University Law Review
In these tumultuous times, when our nation is trying to not only navigate a global pandemic, but also actually reckon with its long history of institutional racism, mass incarceration, and devastation of poor communities and communities of color, the cry for criminal justice reform is loud and getting louder, particularly regarding sentencing, and it is time for Illinois to require its courts to commit to doing more in accordance with our constitution. In this article, the authors examine the legislative and constitutional history of Illinois, the effects of a series of recent decisions made in the context of the sentencing …
Restorative Federal Criminal Procedure, Leo T. Sorokin, Jeffrey S. Stein
Restorative Federal Criminal Procedure, Leo T. Sorokin, Jeffrey S. Stein
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Until We Reckon: Violence, Mass Incarceration, and a Road to Repair. by Danielle Sered.
Can Prosecutors End Mass Incarceration?, Rachel E. Barkow
Can Prosecutors End Mass Incarceration?, Rachel E. Barkow
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Charged: The New Movement to Transform American Prosecution and End Mass Incarceration. by Emily Bazelon.
The Geopolitics Of American Policing, Andrew Lanham
The Geopolitics Of American Policing, Andrew Lanham
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Badges Without Borders: How Global Counterinsurgency Transformed American Policing. by Stuart Schrader.
System Of Electronic Surveillance In The French And Comparative Law French And Comparative Law, Dr Ramy Metwally El-Kady
System Of Electronic Surveillance In The French And Comparative Law French And Comparative Law, Dr Ramy Metwally El-Kady
UAEU Law Journal
The Topic of Electronic Surveillance is one of the modern topics in the field of criminal justice, accounting to the using of modern technologies in the field of implementation of criminal penalties by replacing short-term imprisonment penalties with home detention or restricting the freedom of the person at his home through the use of techniques of electronic surveillance.
This system has proved a success in many developed countries during the treatment of the problem of the negatives arising from the implementation of sanctions of deprivation of liberty in prisons, that some people see it as the corrupt environment that does …
Reversing The Evils Of Federal Mandatory Minimum Sentences: Is Clemency The Only Answer?, Melissa Johnson
Reversing The Evils Of Federal Mandatory Minimum Sentences: Is Clemency The Only Answer?, Melissa Johnson
Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development
(Excerpt)
Thirty-five years ago, Alice Marie Johnson lived a full life. She was a wife, a mother of five children, and a manager at FedEx. Then divorce, the death of one of her children, and job loss shattered her world. Ms. Johnson was able to find employment as a factory worker, a role which paid only a fraction of her former salary and was insufficient to support her children. Desperate and burdened, she became a telephone mule for drug dealers. She was instructed to “pass phone messages [and] [w]hen people came to town . . . [to tell] them what …