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Full-Text Articles in Law
Religious Land Use Jurisprudence: The Negative Ramifications For Religious Activities In Washington After Open Door Baptist Church V. Clark County, Beth Prieve
Seattle University Law Review
Part II of this Note provides a history of religious land use jurisprudence in Washington. This part addresses growth management laws generally, and where these laws cross paths with constitutional guarantees of the free exercise of religion. Part III focuses on the Washington Supreme Court's Open Door decision, separately addressing both the majority opinion and the dissent. Part IV illustrates how the Washington Supreme Court misapplied Washington's religious freedom test in Open Door and significantly shifted religious land use jurisprudence. Part IV further discusses how this shift may include Washington's adoption of the lower federal standard and elaborates upon the …
Introduction: The Gma Comes Of Age In Washington, Diana Kirchheim
Introduction: The Gma Comes Of Age In Washington, Diana Kirchheim
Seattle University Law Review
The Law Review thought it was time to conduct a progress report on the GMA, especially in light of the revolutionary changes it has created for land use law in Washington, including the development of a much more comprehensive approach to land use and resource management. We thought it might be helpful to provide a short history explaining what led to the adoption of the GMA in order to better understand its significance for land use in Washington.
Washington's Growth Management Revolution Goes To Court, Richard L. Settle
Washington's Growth Management Revolution Goes To Court, Richard L. Settle
Seattle University Law Review
The purpose of this Article is to analyze and explain court decisions in cases involving challenges to the GMA itself, Growth Board rulings on local compliance, and GMA constraints on specific projects. Special emphasis will be given to the relative degrees of judicial deference accorded to the decisions of local governments and Growth Boards, respectively. Because most GMA requirements are conceptual, not definitive, and often ambiguous, a pervasive, recurring issue is whether the legislature intended to authorize local governments or the Growth Boards to fill in GMA's blanks, that is, to give specific meaning to GMA's often broadly stated requirements. …
Road Map To The Revolution: A Practical Guide To Procedural Issues Before The Growth Management Hearings Boards, Samuel W. Plauché, Amy L. Kosterlitz
Road Map To The Revolution: A Practical Guide To Procedural Issues Before The Growth Management Hearings Boards, Samuel W. Plauché, Amy L. Kosterlitz
Seattle University Law Review
The adoption of the Washington Growth Management Act (GMA or "the Act") marked a major change in local government land use decision-making in the State of Washington. The Act's requirement that local governments adopt a comprehensive land use plan (Plan) to guide development consistent with goals adopted by the state legislature and then implement that Plan with consistent regulations was a revolutionary step toward statewide land use planning. Much has been written about the "GMA revolution." These writings primarily focus on the GMA's procedural and substantive requirements for adoption of Plans and how these mandates have changed the face of …
Including Best Available Science In The Designation And Protection Of Critical Areas Under The Growth Management Act, Alan D. Copsey
Including Best Available Science In The Designation And Protection Of Critical Areas Under The Growth Management Act, Alan D. Copsey
Seattle University Law Review
This Article discusses the meaning of these latter two requirements: the requirements to include best available science and to give special consideration to the conservation of anadromous fisheries. Section II defines "best available science" by examining the fundamental characteristics of scientific information applied in the context of the GMA. Expanding on the work of a technical team convened by DCTED, this Article suggests an approach useful for identifying scientific information and assessing which of that information should be considered the "best available science." Section III concludes that the requirement of RCW 36.70A. 172(1) to include best available science is a …
The Protection Of Wildlife Under Washington's Growth Management Act, Alan D. Copsey
The Protection Of Wildlife Under Washington's Growth Management Act, Alan D. Copsey
Seattle University Law Review
Will critical areas and resource lands, as implemented under the GMA, effectively contribute to the conservation of wildlife and wildlife habitat in Washington? The remainder of this Article will address that question. First, this Article briefly describes some aspects of biological diversity that must be understood before proceeding further. Second, it sets forth several central principles from modern conservation biology that are essential for maintaining habitat integrity and species viability and considers their applicability to critical areas and resource lands, as defined by the GMA. Third, it explains how these principles could be used to identify and protect habitat remnants …
Regulation Of Wetlands In Western Washington Under The Growth Management Act, Alison Moss, Beverlee E. Silva
Regulation Of Wetlands In Western Washington Under The Growth Management Act, Alison Moss, Beverlee E. Silva
Seattle University Law Review
Wetlands protection has long been an important issue in the central Puget Sound. With the passage of the Growth Management Act (GMA), all counties and cities within the state are now required to adopt regulations "protecting" critical areas, including wetlands. This requirement furthers the GMA's environmental goal to "[p]rotect the environment and enhance the state's high quality of life, including air and water quality, and the availability of water." This Article will explore these and related issues arising under the wetlands regulatory scheme in Washington following the adoption of the GMA. It will show how this complex, multi-layered regulation scheme …
Guidance For Growth: A Symposium On Washington State's Growth Management Act, Kimberly L. Deasy, Brian L. Holtzclaw
Guidance For Growth: A Symposium On Washington State's Growth Management Act, Kimberly L. Deasy, Brian L. Holtzclaw
Seattle University Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Growth Management Revolution In Washington: Past, Present, And Future, Richard L. Settle, Charles G. Gavigan
The Growth Management Revolution In Washington: Past, Present, And Future, Richard L. Settle, Charles G. Gavigan
Seattle University Law Review
Since near misses nearly twenty years ago, comprehensive reform of Washington land use regulatory legislation has been simmering on the back burner. In 1989, the pot began to boil. Central Puget Sound area motorists fumed in "gridlock" traffic. They denounced dense, downtown development, fretted over soaring housing prices, and lamented the loss of forests, farms, and salmon-spawning streams. Thus, the growth management revolution was fomented not by the poor and downtrodden, nor by academic theorists, but by the middle-class suburban masses who sensed escalating degradation of community, environment, and quality of life. They demanded change. The revolutionary battles were fought …
Is The Growth Management Act Working? A Survey Of Resource Lands And Critical Areas Development Regulations, Gary Pivo
Seattle University Law Review
Section II of this Article begins with a summary of Washington's statutory requirements for both local resource land and critical area development regulations. Section II then reviews the circumstances under which those regulations have been adopted. Section III describes the methods used by the research team to collect and evaluate those regulations. Section IV examines whether Washington counties and cities have met their adoption deadlines. Section V describes the general approaches being taken for meeting those requirements. Section VI compares the regulations to one another in order to judge their consistency and relative restrictiveness throughout Washington. Section VII looks at …
Practice And Procedure Before The Growth Planning Hearings Boards, Wm. H. Nielsen, M. Peter Philley, Chris Smith Towne
Practice And Procedure Before The Growth Planning Hearings Boards, Wm. H. Nielsen, M. Peter Philley, Chris Smith Towne
Seattle University Law Review
In 1990, the Washington State Legislature took the first significant step toward growth management when it enacted the Washington Growth Management Act (GMA). The GMA directs cities and counties to protect natural features and to begin planning to accommodate anticipated population increases. The legislature examined the recommendation of the Growth Strategies Commission' to create an independent dispute resolution system to resolve conflicts under the GMA. The Commission recommended the use of a panel of independent arbitrators with mediation and binding arbitration. Appeals would be limited to the Washington State Court of Appeals only on constitutional and procedural issues. The legislature …
Dashed "Investment-Backed" Expectations: Will The Constitution Protect Property Owners From Excesses In Implementation Of The Growth Management Act?, Elaine Spencer
Seattle University Law Review
Section I briefly discusses the basic principles of takings law as enunciated by prior cases, as well as the United States Supreme Court's recent decision in Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, and the Washington Supreme Court's recent decisions in Sintra, Inc. v. Seattle and Robinson v. Seattle. Although the Lucas decision has received considerable publicity, it advanced the state of the law rather little. The real guidance for future decisions arising out of the GMA will come from earlier United States Supreme Court decisions and the Washington Supreme Court's decisions in Sintra, Robinson, and Lutheran …
Economic Development And Public Transit: Making The Most Of The Washington Growth Management Act, Robert H. Freilich, Elizabeth A. Garvin, S. Mark White
Economic Development And Public Transit: Making The Most Of The Washington Growth Management Act, Robert H. Freilich, Elizabeth A. Garvin, S. Mark White
Seattle University Law Review
Rapid and unplanned urban growth in the urbanizing and rural fringe areas of the United States has led to numerous problems for state, local, and regional governments. In particular, six crises are readily identifiable, each of which threatens to undermine quality of life and local competitive economic advantage. These crises include the following: (1) deterioration of central cities, first-ring suburbs, and closer-in neighborhoods, resulting in depopulation and abandonment of housing and the employment base; (2) spiraling suburban sprawl, creating massive infrastructure as well as energy costs; (3) loss of prime agricultural lands; (4) environmental crises and threats to open space, …
The Concurrency Requirement Of The Washington State Growth Management Act, Thomas M. Walsh, Roger A. Pearce
The Concurrency Requirement Of The Washington State Growth Management Act, Thomas M. Walsh, Roger A. Pearce
Seattle University Law Review
When the Washington State Legislature enacted the Growth Management Act (GMA) in 1990, it established a concurrency requirement in the transportation area and authorized local governments to establish concurrency requirements in other areas such as schools, parks, and public services. This Article seeks to inform the debate as to the GMA's requirements for concurrency regulations, the key issues in implementing concurrency regulations, and statutory and constitutional limits on the implementation of regulations. After detailing the GMA's transportation concurrency requirement, the Article will discuss whether the GMA requires concurrency for public facilities other than transportation, will highlight the key issues in …
Planner's Panacea Or Pandora's Box: A Realistic Assessment Of The Role Of Urban Growth Areas In Achieving Growth Management Goals, Keith W. Dearborn, Ann M. Gygi
Planner's Panacea Or Pandora's Box: A Realistic Assessment Of The Role Of Urban Growth Areas In Achieving Growth Management Goals, Keith W. Dearborn, Ann M. Gygi
Seattle University Law Review
Over the past twenty years, Urban Growth Areas (UGAs) have become a tool of choice to manage growth. Numerous states and local jurisdictions have mandated UGAs in hope of confining urbanization, reducing sprawl, protecting open space and resource lands, and minimizing infrastructure investment. Washington State joined the trend in 1990 when it adopted the Growth Management Act (GMA), which requires certain counties to establish UGAs as a central component of its "bottom up" growth management strategy. Nonetheless, thoughtful criticisms have been offered regarding the utility of UGAs to accomplish intended growth management goals, and concerns have emerged regarding unintended consequences …
Between Scylla And Charybdis: Growth Management Act Implementation That Avoids Takings And Substantive Due Process Limitations, Jeffrey M. Eustis
Between Scylla And Charybdis: Growth Management Act Implementation That Avoids Takings And Substantive Due Process Limitations, Jeffrey M. Eustis
Seattle University Law Review
This Article begins with an overview of the GMA. It then proceeds with a summary of recent case law under the Takings Clause and substantive due process doctrine. After laying this groundwork, this Article focuses on four particular areas of growth management control and explores how local legislation implementing these areas of control would be analyzed under the Takings Clause and substantive due process. These four areas of land use regulation include: critical area protections, resource land designations, development phasing requirements for concurrency and urban growth areas, and impact fees for public facilities and services. This Article then concludes with …
Takings Law, Lucas, And The Growth Management Act, John M. Groen, Richard M. Stephens
Takings Law, Lucas, And The Growth Management Act, John M. Groen, Richard M. Stephens
Seattle University Law Review
In light of Lucas and the recent constitutionally questionable Washington decisions, government entities charged with implementing the GMA may have a more difficult time avoiding takings liability than previously thought. Accordingly, this Article first seeks to clarify the modern takings analysis as refined by Lucas. Second, Washington takings precedent is contrasted with the federal approach and several key changes are suggested to make state law consistent with controlling federal precedent. Third, key aspects of the GMA are identified that can be expected to raise takings implications. By identifying potential trouble spots in the GMA now, hopefully some takings will …