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- Title VII (7)
- Discrimination (4)
- Immigration (4)
- Civil rights (2)
- 1990 American Bar Association Model Code of Judicial Conduct (1)
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- 35 U.S.C. section 271(e)(1) (1)
- 580(d) 2 of the California Code of Civil Procedure (1)
- 726(a) 2 of the California Code of Civil Procedure (1)
- ABA Model of Judicial Conduct (1)
- Administrative Adjudication (1)
- Affirmative action (1)
- Antidiscrimination (1)
- Antidiscrimination laws (1)
- Barber Licensing Laws (1)
- California (1)
- California real property law (1)
- Civil Rights Act (1)
- Contracts (1)
- Damages (1)
- Discrimination shibboleth (1)
- Divorce (1)
- Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (1)
- Duration restrictions (1)
- Economics of Federalism (1)
- Entry (1)
- Equality (1)
- Extra Judicial (1)
- Extra-Judicial (1)
- False confessions (1)
- Federalism (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Exemption From Patent Infringement And Declaratory Judgments: Misinterpretation Of Legislative Intent?, Amy Stark
San Diego Law Review
This Comment explores the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984. This statute was enacted to encourage expenditure in the areas of pharmaceutical and medical inventions, and to ensure greater competition in these fields at an earlier date after relevant patents expire. The author argues that courts' interpretations of this act may be preventing these original goals of Congress from being met. Several courts have based denial of declaratory judgments upon this statute. The author argues that if the statute is interpreted as requiring the denial of all declaratory judgment suits, the statute may actually discourage companies …
An Immigration Policy For A Just Society?, Louis Henkin
An Immigration Policy For A Just Society?, Louis Henkin
San Diego Law Review
If it is a human right for every human being to choose where he or she would live, do not considerations of justice require a society to hold out its hand to such a contract? This Article explores the concept of justice, as it applies to immigration law in the United States. It examines the notion that the United States may have an obligation to accept people into the country based on considerations of justice. The author suggests that justice ought to imbue the immigration policy of the United States, and that policy would be different if justice was recognized …
By Hook Or By Cook: Exploring The Legality Of An Ins Sting Operation, Lenni B. Benson
By Hook Or By Cook: Exploring The Legality Of An Ins Sting Operation, Lenni B. Benson
San Diego Law Review
The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) is an agency with responsibility both for enforcing the immigration laws and conferring legal status and other benefits. This author finds that at times these dual roles create conflict, mistrust in the community, and violations of the rights of aliens. This Article critically examines an undercover operation conducted in 1993 by the San Diego District Office, which lured aliens to deportation through INS offers of legal status. The Article discusses the regulatory and statutory provisions governing INS undercover operations and the rights of aliens subject to final orders of deportation. It continues with an …
Population, Immigration And Growth In California, Richard Sybert
Population, Immigration And Growth In California, Richard Sybert
San Diego Law Review
This Article presents objective data and analysis regarding the components of California's population growth. It also reviews fiscal impacts from immigration. The author finds that these fiscal impacts are substantially negative for state and local governments. The Article also examines United States workforce needs as they may be affected by an expanding population and as they may implicate immigration. The author recommends changing immigration policy to focus more on workforce needs and skills in California. He recommends federal action on two levels: (1) to compensate California for the hugely disproportionate financial burden it bears from the nation's immigration and refugee …
Nafta & The Environmental Side Agreement: Fusing Economic Development With Ecological Responsibility, Reid A. Middleton
Nafta & The Environmental Side Agreement: Fusing Economic Development With Ecological Responsibility, Reid A. Middleton
San Diego Law Review
This Comment presents a substantive analysis of the North American Free Trade Agreement and its Environmental Side Agreement. It addresses the environmental questions surrounding the agreement and recognized the agreement's capacity to provide both economic and ecological enrichment in the U.S.- Mexican environment. The Comment analyzes the environmental criticisms of NAFTA, and illustrates why these criticisms are inaccurate. Through examination of the enforcement mechanisms of the Environmental Side Agreement, this Comment illustrates how Mexico's capacity and desire to fulfill its own environmental obligations, coupled with the necessary financing, will allow Mexico to independently put an end to decades of ecological …
Entry: What Mama Never Told You About Being There, Kathrin S. Mautino
Entry: What Mama Never Told You About Being There, Kathrin S. Mautino
San Diego Law Review
This Article analyzes the development of entry as an immigration concept, with special attention to those factors that affect entry analysis. These elements that the author finds must be considered in every potential entry into the United States are: (1) the legal status of the alien, (2) the purpose for finding an entry, and (3) the congressional intent behind the statutes involved. This Article explores the legal history of the term "entry," and illustrates the interaction of the three factors above. The author concludes that entry analysis demonstrates the political nature of immigration and the frequency that historical events rather …
Judicial Review Of Discretionary Immigration Decisionmaking, Michael G. Heyman
Judicial Review Of Discretionary Immigration Decisionmaking, Michael G. Heyman
San Diego Law Review
The Immigration and Nationality Act vests enormous discretion in the Attorney General and subordinates, such discretion exercised frequently at all levels of the immigration system. Despite this, though, judicial review of these decisions has followed a very uneven, troubled course. This Article explores the reasons for this, focusing first on the Administrative Procedure Act and the elusive meaning of discretion itself. The author demonstrates the "disintegration" of administrative law and what he sees as the failure of its general precepts to accommodate immigration issues. The Article traces the development of faulty doctrine through case law, resulting in a stunted judicial …
Western Security Bank V. Beverly Hills Business Bank: The Vanishing Utility Of Letters Of Credit In Real Estate Transactions, Monte M. Brem
Western Security Bank V. Beverly Hills Business Bank: The Vanishing Utility Of Letters Of Credit In Real Estate Transactions, Monte M. Brem
San Diego Law Review
This Casenote discusses the implications of the California appellate court decision of Western Security Bank v. Beverly Hills Business Bank, decided in 1994. In this decision, the court held that the anti-deficiency statute precluding a deficiency judgment after a non-judicial foreclosure barred a creditor's draw on a letter of credit after a non-judicial foreclosure. The author concludes that this decision implies that a draw on a letter of credit before a non-judicial foreclosure would result in a loss of the lender's real property security. The possible repercussions of this decision upon the use of letters of credit in California real …
True Blue? Whether Police Should Be Allowed To Use Trickery And Deception To Extract Confessions, Laure Hoffman Roppe
True Blue? Whether Police Should Be Allowed To Use Trickery And Deception To Extract Confessions, Laure Hoffman Roppe
San Diego Law Review
This Comment addresses whether or not, and if so, to what extent, police should be allowed to use trickery and deception to extract confessions from criminal suspects. It surveys the deceitful interrogation tactics included in the term "trickery" and summarizes the psychology of confessions. Major developments in the law regarding coerced confessions are analyzed and the author explores the policy arguments for and against the use of deception in police interrogations. The author recommends the prohibition of specific forms of trickery and offers an analytical approach as to whether a confession is admissible.
An Index And Table Of Contents To The Ali Reporters' Study On Enterprise Responsibility For Personal Injury, Jeffrey O'Connell, Alexander S. Glovsky
An Index And Table Of Contents To The Ali Reporters' Study On Enterprise Responsibility For Personal Injury, Jeffrey O'Connell, Alexander S. Glovsky
San Diego Law Review
In 1986, the American Law Institute (ALI) published a report to analyze and appraise the state of the tort system and to recommend reform. This study lacked crucial aids that could make it more accessible: it was devoid of any index and the table of contents did not contain any subheadings. The authors of this Article created an index and a comprehensive table of contents, in order to make the report more "user friendly." This Article contains a brief description of the 1986 ALI Reporter's Study, followed by an expanded table of contents and an index.
Deference, Tolerance, And Numbers: A Response To Professor Wright's View Of The Sentencing Commission, Kevin Cole
Deference, Tolerance, And Numbers: A Response To Professor Wright's View Of The Sentencing Commission, Kevin Cole
San Diego Law Review
The United States Sentencing Commission promulgates the Federal Sentencing Guidelines, which greatly constrain judicial discretion in choosing the sentence for federal crimes. One commentator, Professor Ronald Wright, has argued that the willingness of the courts and Congress to defer to a guideline promulgated by the Commission should depend on whether the Commission has justified the guideline by reference to empirical evidence. This Article explores the theoretical and practical difficulties of giving such effect to empirical justifications.
Trustees Of The Justice System: Quasi-Judicial Activity And The Failure Of The 1990 Aba Model Code Of Judicial Conduct, Mark Scott Bagula, Robert C. Coates
Trustees Of The Justice System: Quasi-Judicial Activity And The Failure Of The 1990 Aba Model Code Of Judicial Conduct, Mark Scott Bagula, Robert C. Coates
San Diego Law Review
This Article discusses the treatment of judges' activities to improve the law in the 1990 Model Code of Judicial Conduct. The 1972 Code of Judicial Conduct separated the guidelines for engaging in acts to improve the law ("quasi-judicial activity") from cautions against off-bench activity wholly unrelated to the law ("extra-judicial activity"). The 1990 Model Code of Judicial Conduct consolidates quasi-judicial activity and extra-judicial activity into a single canon - Canon 4. The authors argue that this consolidation provides judges with little encouragement to improve the law. They suggest that the failure to encourage judges to improve our justice system is …
The Economics Of Federalism And The Proper Scope Of The Federal Commerce Power, Jacques Leboeuf
The Economics Of Federalism And The Proper Scope Of The Federal Commerce Power, Jacques Leboeuf
San Diego Law Review
The study of the economics of federalism has emerged as a distinct field. While the insights of that study have been applied in understanding the logic behind the dormant commerce clause, they have not been used in analyzing the affirmative scope of the federal commerce power. The author suggests that the economics of federalism can provide both a justification for and a limitation upon the federal commerce power. Specifically, he suggests that the federal government ought to be able to regulate only those areas of commerce where state regulation would be inefficient due to externalities. Furthermore, he argues, this conception …
Paying Back Your Country Through Income-Contingent Student Loans, Evelyn Brody
Paying Back Your Country Through Income-Contingent Student Loans, Evelyn Brody
San Diego Law Review
Governmental subsidies to higher education raise issues of fairness between families and between generations. The partial conversion of the federal guaranteed student loan program into a program of direct governmental lending permits a graduate to pay back the loan with a modest percentage of future income. This Article notes that this income-contingent repayment option provides most graduates with the only insurance they need against a poor job market. Thus, the author argues that this legislation needlessly retains existing federal subsidies, which could be more effectively targeted to the needy.
No-Fault Marital Dissolution: The Bitter Triumph Of Naked Divorce, J Herbie Difonzo
No-Fault Marital Dissolution: The Bitter Triumph Of Naked Divorce, J Herbie Difonzo
San Diego Law Review
In this Article, the author examines the origins of the no-fault divorce movement, concluding that the abandonment of fault grounds was conceived as a conservative measure intended to facilitate the reversal of the escalating divorce rate and to replace traditional marital dissolution with therapeutic divorce. This reform collapsed at mid-point, achieving only the jettisoning of divorce grounds. The author argues that an unintended consequence of the reform battle was the transformation from mutual consent divorce, the operating milieu for most of the twentieth century, into divorce on demand. The author concludes that this transformation has resulted in a significant loss …
Contracts In Wonderland: A Fable Regarding The Administrative Adjudication Of Qualifying Facility Contracts In California, Arturo Gandara
Contracts In Wonderland: A Fable Regarding The Administrative Adjudication Of Qualifying Facility Contracts In California, Arturo Gandara
San Diego Law Review
This Article is a call for reconsideration of the practice and judicial sanction of the administrative adjudication of contracts. It conducts a detailed examination of the adjudication of Qualifying Facility contracts by rate regulatory agencies. The broader case regarding the adjudication of contracts by administrative agencies is made to reveal the dimensions of matters of governance implicated by agency adjudication of contracts. The author concludes that regulatory bodies do not serve the best economic interests of society by adjudicating contract disputes.
Epstein's Premises, Evan Tsen Lee
Epstein's Premises, Evan Tsen Lee
San Diego Law Review
This Article criticizes Richard Epstein's argument that Congress should repeal Title VII expressed in his book Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination. The author's criticisms of Epstein's argument are the product of disagreement with some of Epstein's premises, and disagreement with some of Epstein's choices about where to stop his analyses. The author disputes Epstein's premise that governmental intervention into otherwise accessible markets is justifiable only in cases of force or fraud. The author also notes some of Epstein's empirical suppositions that are inconsistent with one another.
Use Restrictions And The Retention Of Property Interests In Chattels Through Intellectual Property Rights, Thomas Arno
Use Restrictions And The Retention Of Property Interests In Chattels Through Intellectual Property Rights, Thomas Arno
San Diego Law Review
Granting intellectual property rights promotes invention but also encourages wasteful expenditures to avoid monopoly prices. If patent or copyright owners are allowed to place some types of restrictions on the products they sell, these wasteful efforts can be avoided. This Comment discusses restrictions that have this effect and how intellectual property law might best create a doctrine enforcing them.
Alternative Grounds: Epstein's Discrimination Analysis In Other Market Settings, Ian Ayres
Alternative Grounds: Epstein's Discrimination Analysis In Other Market Settings, Ian Ayres
San Diego Law Review
This Article focuses on how Richard Epstein's discrimination analysis in his book Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination Laws plays out in four other market contexts. The author analyzes historical labor markets (circa 1964), public accommodations, housing, and new car markets. He concludes that applying Epstein's theory to these different market settings exposes limitations of Epstein's analysis.
Licensing Laws: A Historical Example Of The Use Of Government Regulatory Power Against African Americans, David E. Bernstein
Licensing Laws: A Historical Example Of The Use Of Government Regulatory Power Against African Americans, David E. Bernstein
San Diego Law Review
This Article addresses how the legacy of government policy has been a large factor in the economic subjugation of black Americans between Reconstructionist and the modern Civil Rights era. Specifically, this Article displays how white interest groups used occupational licensing laws to stifle black economic progress, and how these laws were used to prevent blacks from competing with established white skilled workers. The author notes that Richard Epstein with his book Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination Laws has done the legal community a great service by reminding it that the source of some of the economic disparity between …
The Discrimination Shibboleth, Andrew Kull
The Discrimination Shibboleth, Andrew Kull
San Diego Law Review
This Article explores a more conservative viewpoint than Richard Epstein's view that all employment antidiscrimination laws should be repealed in his book Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination. This Article focuses on the distinctions between current antidiscrimination laws and those of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. While the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination on the basis of race and sex, current laws prohibit discrimination on many other grounds. The author argues that these new laws constitute new policy choices, and they impose more costs than the traditional laws.
Learning To Love Japan: Social Norms And Market Incentives, J. Mark Ramseyer
Learning To Love Japan: Social Norms And Market Incentives, J. Mark Ramseyer
San Diego Law Review
This Article applies Japanese market behavior to Richard Epstein's theories in his book Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination. The author uses Japan to argue that economic incentives need not matter, and that whatever incentives markets and laws may provide, people may still ignore them. This Article suggests that if independent social norms can sustain systematically unprofitable behavior in Japan, then maybe they would have sustained Jim Crow policies in the American south. If Japanese routinely ignore economic incentives to perpetuate social norms, then whites might have ignored the market advantage to hiring African Americans and discriminated against their …
Standing Firm, On Forbidden Grounds, Richard A. Epstein
Standing Firm, On Forbidden Grounds, Richard A. Epstein
San Diego Law Review
This introductory Article to the Title VII Symposium contained in this issue of the San Diego Law Review addresses the critiques leveled at the book Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination Laws. Richard Epstein, the author of the book, recognizes the disagreement expressed in the Articles in the Symposium, and attempts to defend his thesis in this Article. He argued in Forbidden Grounds that the best set of overall social outcomes would come from eliminating antidiscrimination laws which prohibit employer discrimination on the grounds of race, creed, sex, age, handicap, or anything else. In this Article, he addresses several …
Reality, Drew S. Days, Iii
Reality, Drew S. Days, Iii
San Diego Law Review
This Article applies the economic theory of regulation to laws forbidding discrimination or requiring affirmative action. It argues for using transferable rights in order to achieve diversity rather than quotas. Based on economic theories, the Article finds that the most efficient remedies for discrimination are the ones already developed by economists for other problems. The author suggests that discriminatory cartels can be prohibited or undermined, discriminatory signals can be overcome by supplementing market information, and external effects of prejudice can be internalized by tax subsidies. He concludes that perfect competition causes discriminators to pay for segregation, and some current antidiscrimination …
Against First Principles, Jerry L. Mashaw
Against First Principles, Jerry L. Mashaw
San Diego Law Review
This Article makes the argument that broad principles often get in the way of sensible public policy analysis and that one should be prepared to abandon them rather quickly when encountering heavy philosophical or political arguments. The author uses Richard Epstein's book Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination as a good example of the difficulty of developing plausible policy prescriptions while engaging in an argument based on broad principles. The Article notes weaknesses in Epstein's arguments concerning liberty, utility and efficiency as starting points for an evaluation of antidiscrimination law. The author applies his analysis to the Americans with …
Market Affirmative Action, Robert Cooter
Market Affirmative Action, Robert Cooter
San Diego Law Review
This Article applies the economic theory of regulation to laws forbidding discrimination or requiring affirmative action. It argues for using transferable rights in order to achieve diversity rather than quotas. Based on economic theories, the Article finds that the most efficient remedies for discrimination are the ones already developed by economists for other problems. The author suggests that discriminatory cartels can be prohibited or undermined, discriminatory signals can be overcome by supplementing market information, and external effects of prejudice can be internalized by tax subsidies. He concludes that perfect competition causes discriminators to pay for segregation, and some current antidiscrimination …
Lonely Libertarian: One Man's View Of Antidiscrimination Law, Lea Brilmayer
Lonely Libertarian: One Man's View Of Antidiscrimination Law, Lea Brilmayer
San Diego Law Review
In his book Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination Laws, Richard Epstein attacks antidiscrimination law from three different philosophical points of view: utilitarian, libertarian, and freedom of contract. The author of this Article addresses each of these philosophies, and argues that none of these arguments is compelling as applied to a legal regime as popular as Epstein admits core antidiscrimination law to be. This Article points out inconsistencies in Epstein's view of the public's acceptance of antidiscrimination laws as being silly.
Was The Corruption Of Civil Rights Law Inevitable, Christopher T. Wonnell
Was The Corruption Of Civil Rights Law Inevitable, Christopher T. Wonnell
San Diego Law Review
This Article accepts Richard Epstein's premise that civil rights laws have become corrupt set forth in his book Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination. Once this corruption is recognized, this Article asks two questions about the change in focus of the antidiscrimination laws: (1) Was it inevitable that the antidiscrimination laws would follow this course?; and (2) If it was inevitable, should we live with the resulting costs, or bite the bullet and repeal antidiscrimination laws in the private economy? This Article discusses considerations pertinent to such answers.
Epstein On His Own Grounds, Richard H. Mcadams
Epstein On His Own Grounds, Richard H. Mcadams
San Diego Law Review
This Article criticizes Richard Epstein's thesis in his book Forbidden Grounds: The Case against Employment Discrimination. The Article argues that Epstein fails to follow through on his own terms. The author expresses disagreement with Epstein's invocation of Thomas Hobbes without considering the Hobbesian argument for Title VII. Mr. McAdams also notes that Epstein relies on economic analysis without disclosing its dependence on controversial empirical assumptions. The author uncovers Epstein's other inconsistencies: his empirical claims, particularly about social norms, where Epstein does not apply the standards of criticism to supporting evidence that he applies to contrary evidence.
Epstein's Challenge To The Civil Rights Regime, W. B. Allen
Epstein's Challenge To The Civil Rights Regime, W. B. Allen
San Diego Law Review
This Article takes a close look at the government's determination of the substantive meaning of nondiscrimination in order to better evaluate the relation between the current practice of the civil rights regime and the alternative suggested by Richard Epstein in his book Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination Laws. It also analyzes the "limit condition view" of government, namely that the government may in no way discriminate, and everyone cannot be prevented from discriminating. The author concludes that defenders of the civil rights regime must engage Epstein's argument, because failing to do so will be to fail either to …