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Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in Law
Achieving The Dream: Extending Immigration Reform To Administrative Case Closure, Tory E. Smith
Achieving The Dream: Extending Immigration Reform To Administrative Case Closure, Tory E. Smith
San Diego Law Review
This Comment compares DACA to administrative case closure and argues that Congress or the President should grant employment authorization to individuals whose cases have been administratively closed. Part I describes the current interpretation of the employment authorization regulation and provides the background of administrative case closure. Part I highlights the disparate treatment that the regulation affords to undocumented immigrants facing deferred action and administrative closure—offering employment authorization to only deferred action recipients. Part II examines the history of deferred action in immigration cases and uses DACA as a framework to show how the scope of the employment authorization regulation should …
The Limits Of Custom In Constitutional And International Law, Michael D. Ramsey
The Limits Of Custom In Constitutional And International Law, Michael D. Ramsey
San Diego Law Review
This Article does not contend that arguments for extension of custom are illegitimate. Instead, it makes two more limited claims. First, there is an important difference between arguments from pure custom and arguments for the extension of custom, with the latter being more properly called common law arguments. Second, the legitimacy of common law arguments in some fields, especially constitutional law and international law, is substantially more problematic than the legitimacy of arguments from pure custom. The Article develops as follows. Part II sets out in greater detail the proposed distinction between arguments from pure custom and arguments for extension …
Ineffective, Opaque, And Undemocratic: The Ious Of—Too Much—International Law And Why A Bit Of Skepticism Is Warranted, James Allan
San Diego Law Review
In this Article I want to give you an outsider’s view of international law, or at least this outsider’s view. And by outsider I mean someone who is usually interested in legal philosophy and constitutional law and who may well be thought to lack standing to offer the sort of views and criticisms that are to come.... The structure of this Article will be simple. I will criticize certain aspects of international law, especially rights-related international law, under the three headings you see in the title to this Article. However, I am going to take those headings and critiques in …
The Morality Of Human Rights, Michael J. Perry
The Morality Of Human Rights, Michael J. Perry
San Diego Law Review
My discussion of the morality of human rights in this Article presupposes that the reader is familiar with the internationalization of human rights: the growing international recognition and protection, in the period since the end of the Second World War, of certain rights as human rights. The Appendix to this Article is for readers not familiar with the internationalization of human rights. I begin, in the first Part of the Article, by explaining what the term human right means in the context of the internationalization of human rights. I also explain both the sense in which some human rights are, …
Shame, Memory, And The Unspeakable: The International Criminal Court As Damnatio Memoriae, Michael Blake
Shame, Memory, And The Unspeakable: The International Criminal Court As Damnatio Memoriae, Michael Blake
San Diego Law Review
The first [part] will discuss two ways of looking at the court and why the conventional justifications of punishment might not be adequate to justify what the court is doing. The second will examine the issue of the politically unspeakable and argue that the court’s mandate might indeed be the responsibility of making certain ideas and persons politically shameful. The final Part will try to give some justification for the claim that this mandate might give rise to a justification for the court’s existence. On the account I provide here, even if the court could not be justified with reference …
Does The Existing Human Rights Regime Have Political Authority?, Christopher Heath Wellman
Does The Existing Human Rights Regime Have Political Authority?, Christopher Heath Wellman
San Diego Law Review
In this Article I consider whether the existing international legal human rights regime enjoys political authority over sovereign states. In particular, I explore whether, just as states can cite their role as the primary institutions that protect human rights in order to justify their claim to authority over their citizens, perhaps the current human rights regime might plausibly cite its secondary role in securing human rights in order to ground its authority over these states.
A Shrouded Remedy: Increasing Transparency In The Irs Advance Pricing And Mutual Agreement Program By Releasing Redacted Advance Pricing Agreements And Increasing Administrative Disclosures, Blake L. Currey
San Diego Law Review
This Comment examines the current state of the IRS’s handling of pricing agreements within the APMA Program, arguing that the IRS should improve the Program by increasing its transparency to coincide with the additional resources being devoted to the Program, the IRS’s elevating transfer pricing enforcement, and the modern valuation challenges in transfer pricing. Part II further introduces transfer pricing and the arm’s length standard, and Part III examines the recent performance of the APMA Program. Part IV explores the Program’s troubling lack of transparency. Part V analyzes the legal and financial interests implicated by improving the Program’s transparency, arguing …
Natural Law As Part Of International Law: The Case Of The Armenian Genocide, Fernando R. Tesón
Natural Law As Part Of International Law: The Case Of The Armenian Genocide, Fernando R. Tesón
San Diego Law Review
In this Article I argue that some norms are part of international law even if they have never been created by treaty or custom. Because such norms have never been posited, they are natural law norms, and my thesis is that these natural law norms are as much part of international law as the posited norms. By this I mean that these norms should figure in any catalog of what international law prescribes or permits.
“Unmistakably Clear” Coercion: Finding A Balance Between Judicial Review Of The Spending Power And Optimal Federalism, Dale B. Thompson
“Unmistakably Clear” Coercion: Finding A Balance Between Judicial Review Of The Spending Power And Optimal Federalism, Dale B. Thompson
San Diego Law Review
This Article proposes a new tier of scrutiny, “unmistakably clear,” for conducting judicial review of congressional authority under the Spending Clause. Under this standard, a condition would be unconstitutional only if it is unmistakably clear that it is coercive. In order to develop this proposal, this Article traces the debate over the spending power from the Federalist Papers up through the decision in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, finding strong arguments for granting significant deference to Congress’s Spending Clause authority. Careful analysis of the opinions in the case yields not only the name for the new standard of …
Reasonable Persons, Reasonable Circumstances, Christopher Jackson
Reasonable Persons, Reasonable Circumstances, Christopher Jackson
San Diego Law Review
The reasonable person test is a common thread that runs through the fabric of Anglo-American law. It has become such a common trope in legal discourse that it scarcely receives much attention in its own right. This Article analyzes one facet of the test that will yield significant benefits in understanding the subject as a whole: how we ought to go about determining which circumstances are relevant to the reasonable person inquiry. The Article will argue that the circumstances that ought to be part of the test will vary based on one’s underlying theoretical commitments: the reasonable person test is …
The Role Of The Federal Judge In The Constitutional Structure: An Originalist Perspective, Diarmuid F. O'Scannlain
The Role Of The Federal Judge In The Constitutional Structure: An Originalist Perspective, Diarmuid F. O'Scannlain
San Diego Law Review
Join me now in examining some of the structural features of our Constitution. And let’s do so by focusing upon cases that have come before my court—the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, the second highest federal court in the land, inferior only to the Supreme Court of the United States. My goal is to present, in modest outline, an originalist perspective on the federal judge’s role, particularly my role as a circuit judge, in the constitutional order.
Holmes, Cardozo, And The Legal Realists: Early Incarnations Of Legal Pragmatism And Enterprise Liability, Edmund Ursin
Holmes, Cardozo, And The Legal Realists: Early Incarnations Of Legal Pragmatism And Enterprise Liability, Edmund Ursin
San Diego Law Review
The theory of enterprise liability is associated with the tort lawmaking of the liberal California Supreme Court of the 1960s and 1970s. Legal pragmatism, in turn, is associated with the conservative jurist Richard Posner. This Article explains that early incarnations of each can be found in the works of four giants in American law: Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Judge—later Justice—Benjamin Cardozo, and the Legal Realists Leon Green and Karl Llewellyn. As will be seen, these scholars and judges shared a common view of the lawmaking role of courts. Stated simply, this shared view was that judges are lawmakers and policy …
Joyless Life And Lifeless Joy: The Recovery Of Hedonic Damages By Plaintiffs In A Persistent Vegetative State, Alexandra Preece
Joyless Life And Lifeless Joy: The Recovery Of Hedonic Damages By Plaintiffs In A Persistent Vegetative State, Alexandra Preece
San Diego Law Review
This Comment focuses on the potential injustice to patients in a persistent vegetative state and the proper manner in which to handle these cases. Based on tort principles underlying the justification for the award of damages to plaintiffs, including deterrence and compensation, plaintiffs in a persistent vegetative state should be entitled to damages for loss of enjoyment of life. To allow for these awards, courts must separate loss of enjoyment of life from pain and suffering, thereby allowing vegetative plaintiffs who cannot prove that they are in pain to recover hedonic damages from their wrongdoers. Part II discusses the effects …
Electronic Data Discovery Sanctions: The Unmapped, Unwinding, Meandering Road, And The Courts’ Role In Steadying The Playing Field, Ahunanya Anga
Electronic Data Discovery Sanctions: The Unmapped, Unwinding, Meandering Road, And The Courts’ Role In Steadying The Playing Field, Ahunanya Anga
San Diego Law Review
This Article highlights a growing problem for litigants who are involved in electronic data discovery (EDD). The world of litigation today encompasses massive amounts of electronically produced documents. It is estimated that ninety-nine percent of new information is created and stored electronically. The litigation practice generally, as it relates to electronic discovery (e-discovery) particularly, has mushroomed into a chaotic process. The technological age has radically impacted the federal discovery process. The purpose of the 2006 amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) was, among other things, to address problems associated with electronically stored information (ESI) that arise during …
Is Freedom Of Expression A Universal Right?, Larry Alexander
Is Freedom Of Expression A Universal Right?, Larry Alexander
San Diego Law Review
The title of my Essay asks a question. If one were to go by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights —or by John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice and other quotidian works of liberal political and moral philosophy—the answer to the question is a resounding “yes.” Indeed, in the constellation of cherished liberal rights, freedom of expression is surely one of the brightest, if not the brightest, of its stars.
Sharpening The Tools Of An Adequate Defense: Providing For The Appointment Of Experts For Indigent Defendants In Child Death Cases Under Ake V. Oklahoma, Laurel Gilbert
San Diego Law Review
This Comment proposes that because of ongoing concerns regarding the reliability and validity of forensic science in the United States, the Due Process Clause constitutionally mandates the appointment of forensic experts for indigent defendants in criminal cases arising out of a child’s death if the prosecution relies on forensic evidence. Part II of this Comment provides an overview of the current law governing the admissibility of forensic expert testimony in criminal cases and explains why these admissibility standards create a need for the appointment of defense forensic experts to protect the rights of criminal defendants. Part III then discusses Due …
Wrongful Death And Survival Actions For Torts In Violation Of International Law, Alastair J. Agcaoili
Wrongful Death And Survival Actions For Torts In Violation Of International Law, Alastair J. Agcaoili
San Diego Law Review
This Article aims to make sense of this neglected area of ATS law. I contend that the salient issue in these deceased-victim cases is not whether the nonvictim plaintiffs have standing to sue but rather whether they have a viable cause of action in the first place. Standing and cause of action concepts have an uneasy relationship in law. Although the distinction between constitutional standing and cause of action inquiries is well established, the division is less clear where, as here, standing doctrine is used to define a plaintiff’s eligibility to bring suit. Indeed, reliance on standing terminology in this …
Hedge Fund Manager Registration Under The Dodd-Frank Act, Wulf A. Kaal
Hedge Fund Manager Registration Under The Dodd-Frank Act, Wulf A. Kaal
San Diego Law Review
Part I of this Article introduces the issue of hedge fund registration and the tension between regulators and the hedge fund industry regarding the appropriate level of regulatory oversight. After a short introduction of historical attempts to register hedge fund managers, Part II describes the legal requirements in the Dodd-Frank Act pertaining to hedge fund managers. Over fifty years of low-level regulatory oversight for the hedge fund industry came to an end with the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act. Part III outlines the methodological approach of the survey study. It introduces the survey instrument, data sources, sampling, coding, and coding …
A Class Act? Social Class Affirmative Action And Higher Education, Maimon Schwarzschild
A Class Act? Social Class Affirmative Action And Higher Education, Maimon Schwarzschild
San Diego Law Review
Comparing class preferences with racial preferences helps to point up some of the reasons for the allure of class preferences but also points up some of the problems. A crucial consideration is the question of who is to receive class preference. For example, what about immigrants and their children? In general, social class is difficult to define, and this very difficulty would confer great discretion and power on faculties and academic administrators who undertake to bestow class preferences: discretion that would be open to abuse for political, ideological, and other ends. Finally, there is the question of whether preferential treatment …
The Spatial: A Forgotten Dimension Of Property, Paul Babie
The Spatial: A Forgotten Dimension Of Property, Paul Babie
San Diego Law Review
This Article explores, such a spatial turn in the case of property theory requires further elaboration and exploration. First, analytically, the spatial turn can be used to reassemble what we already know about property to recognize expressly the spatial dimension of property, thus revealing what has always been there but which has rarely been named and discussed: property emerges from, exists in, and is replicated through space. Second, and equally important, normatively, revealing the spatial dimension adds context to the social understanding of property and thereby allows us to see and encourage further exploration of the role of property as …
Level Up: Employing The Commerce Clause To Federalize The Sale Of Goods, Jennifer Camero
Level Up: Employing The Commerce Clause To Federalize The Sale Of Goods, Jennifer Camero
San Diego Law Review
This Article argues that rather than wait until the defects become insurmountable, we should act now to address the defects in the law of sales and enact a federal sales act to supplant Article 2 using congressional power under the Commerce Clause. Part II details the defects of Article 2 that are in need of repair, which include creating inconsistent results across the states, failing to adapt to changing trends in our modern commercial environment, and utilizing a private drafting process that fails to balance the competing interests of businesses and consumers. Part II then demonstrates that the current uniform …
Brown V. Board In The World: How The Global Turn Matters For School Reform, Human Rights, And Legal Knowledlge, Martha Minow
Brown V. Board In The World: How The Global Turn Matters For School Reform, Human Rights, And Legal Knowledlge, Martha Minow
San Diego Law Review
Global perspectives can contribute to our understandings of any one nation’s laws and decisions. In this light, America’s educational landmark, Brown v. Board of Education, matters not just for the United States but around the world. Inside the United States, a cottage industry of academic scholars studies the influence of Brown where the decision’s impact reaches well beyond racial desegregation of schools. The litigation has by now a well-known and complicated relationship to actual racial integration within American schools, as the case perhaps exacerbated tensions and slowed otherwise gradual reform, and perhaps at the same time galvanized the social movement …
Rights Come With Responsibilities: Personal Jurisdiction In The Age Of Corporate Personhood, Roger M. Michalski
Rights Come With Responsibilities: Personal Jurisdiction In The Age Of Corporate Personhood, Roger M. Michalski
San Diego Law Review
This Article aims to reconnect corporate rights and obligations. It argues that courts must consider the availability and exercise of corporate rights when determining whether the corporation is amenable to suit in the forum. To make this novel argument, this Article begins by documenting the rise of corporate personhood, recently culminating in Citizens United v. FEC. Part II shows how the evolution of corporations now allows for the treatment of corporations as entities that can have political rights and political obligations. Part III argues that personal jurisdiction doctrine and scholarship has not acknowledged the rise of corporate personhood. Consequently, it …
Disparate Impact: Fairness Or Efficiency?, Larry Alexander
Disparate Impact: Fairness Or Efficiency?, Larry Alexander
San Diego Law Review
Here is a stylized, simplified account of the disparate impact branch of discrimination law. Employer (E) uses certain criteria—which I shall call “the test”—to determine whom to employ. Those who qualify under the test may be disproportionately of a certain race, sex, national origin, or religion. I shall call those races, sexes, et cetera, that are disproportionately qualified under the test “the preferred,” and those races, sexes, et cetera, that are disproportionately unqualified under the test “the dispreferred.” In a disparate impact discrimination case—and again, I am simplifying somewhat, though immaterially—an employee candidate (C) who is both a member of …
Left To Their Own (Security) Devices: The Need For The California Legislature To Define Deeds Of Trust And Update California Civil Code Section 2932.5 In Accordance With The Modern Lien Theory, Joahua Norton
San Diego Law Review
This Comment introduces how deeds of trust were developed to allow the lender to avoid the judicial process by engaging in a nonjudicial foreclosure. This Part also explains that the confusion in the courts arose because deeds of trust are not defined in the statutes that govern them. Part III describes the early understanding of deeds of trust in California common law under the title theory and how California courts have increasingly rejected the title theory in favor of the lien theory. Part IV introduces the rise of a private alternative to public recording of assignments of deeds of trust …
Parity At A Price: The Emerging Professional Liability Of Mental Health Providers, Thomas L. Hafemeister, Leah G. Mclaughlin, Jessica Smith
Parity At A Price: The Emerging Professional Liability Of Mental Health Providers, Thomas L. Hafemeister, Leah G. Mclaughlin, Jessica Smith
San Diego Law Review
This Article considers the issues associated with emerging professional liability claims against mental health care providers. Part II supplies background information regarding this liability, including the elements of these claims. Part III details the decreasing stigma associated with obtaining mental health services and its impact on professional liability, while Part IV summarizes advancements in mental health treatment that have enhanced the functional capacities of potential litigants. The remaining Parts explore changes in the delivery of mental health care where litigation may be focused, including the increasing use of psychotropic medications (Part V), the expanding role of primary care physicians and …