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Full-Text Articles in Law
Of Speech And Sanctions: Toward A Penalty-Sensitive Approach To The First Amendment, Michael Coenen
Of Speech And Sanctions: Toward A Penalty-Sensitive Approach To The First Amendment, Michael Coenen
Journal Articles
Courts confronting First Amendment claims do not often scrutinize the severity of a speaker’s punishment. Embracing a “penalty-neutral” understanding of the free-speech right, these courts tend to treat an individual’s expression as either protected, in which case the government may not punish it at all, or unprotected, in which case the government may punish it to a very great degree. There is, however, a small but important body of “penalty-sensitive” case law that runs counter to the penalty-neutral norm. Within this case law, the severity of a speaker’s punishment affects the merits of her First Amendment claim, thus giving rise …
Government Rx--Back To The Future In Science Funding? The Next Era In Drug Development, Michael J. Malinowski
Government Rx--Back To The Future In Science Funding? The Next Era In Drug Development, Michael J. Malinowski
Journal Articles
The roles of government, industry, and academia in science research have been recast repeatedly since the U.S. began infusing tremendous funding during WWII. Recently, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) proposed a billion-dollar center to intervene in commercial drug development with the objective of lifting it out of a frightening fifteen-year slump in productivity. This article questions the role of the U.S. government in pharmaceutical development after completion of a map of the human genome (the touchstone of the Human Genome Project, HGP), a research undertaking spearheaded by the U.S. Government that spanned more than a decade. Specifically, the article …
Drug Development--Stuck In A State Of Puberty?: Regulatory Reform Of Human Clinical Research To Raise Responsiveness To The Reality Of Human Variability, Michael J. Malinowski
Drug Development--Stuck In A State Of Puberty?: Regulatory Reform Of Human Clinical Research To Raise Responsiveness To The Reality Of Human Variability, Michael J. Malinowski
Journal Articles
Scathing critiques of the Food and Drug Administration's (“FDA”) performance by the Government Accountability Office and Institutes of Medicine, a plummet in innovative new drug approvals in spite of significant annual investment increases in biopharmaceutical research and development (“R&D”), and market controversies such as the painkiller Vioxx and the diabetes drug Avandia (both associated with significantly escalated risks of heart attacks and strokes) have raised doubts about the sufficiency of FDA *364 regulation. This Article questions how prescription medicines reach the market and proposes law-policy reforms to enhance the FDA's science standard for human clinical trials and new drug approvals. …
Adversarial No More: How Sua Sponte Assertion Of Affirmative Defenses To Habeas Wreaks Havoc On The Rules Of Civil Procedure, Katherine Macfarlane
Adversarial No More: How Sua Sponte Assertion Of Affirmative Defenses To Habeas Wreaks Havoc On The Rules Of Civil Procedure, Katherine Macfarlane
Journal Articles
In every federal civil case, a defendant must raise its affirmative defenses in the pleading that responds to a plaintiff's complaint. According to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(c), failure to properly plead, for example, a statute of limitations defense, waives the defense for good. Rule 8(c) does not exempt any category of affirmative defense, nor does it forgive unintentional omissions of certain defenses. It also does not prefer governmental defendants to others. Yet in habeas corpus cases, the most significant affirmative defenses to habeas petitions need not comply with Rule 8(c). Instead, federal courts may raise the affirmative defenses …
Federal Constitutions: The Keystone Of Nested Commons Governance, Blake Hudson
Federal Constitutions: The Keystone Of Nested Commons Governance, Blake Hudson
Journal Articles
The constitutional structure of a federal system of government can undermine effective natural capital management across scales, from local to global. Federal constitutions that grant subnational governments virtually exclusive regulatory authority over certain types of natural capital appropriation — such as resources appropriated by private forest management or other land-use-related economic development activities — entrench a legally defensible natural capital commons in those jurisdictions. For example, the same constitution that may legally facilitate poor forest-management practices by private landowners in the southeastern United States may complicate international negotiations related to forest management and climate change. Both the local and international …
Localism And Involuntary Annexation: Reconsidering Approaches To New Regionalism, Christopher J. Tyson
Localism And Involuntary Annexation: Reconsidering Approaches To New Regionalism, Christopher J. Tyson
Journal Articles
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