Law Commons^™

Rethinking Equality And Difference: Disability Discrimination In Public Transportation, Martha T. Mccluskey

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Communicable Disease Control In Colorado: A Rational Approach To Aids, Edward P. Richards

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

A Sprig Of Laurel For Chief Judge Redmann, Paul R. Baier

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

What Is Bayesianism? A Guide For The Perplexed, David H. Kaye

Journal Articles

Bayes' Theorem, Bayesian statistics and Bayesian inference have been the subject of sharp dispute in various writings about legal rules of evidence and proof. This article disentangles the many meanings of "Bayesianism." It sketches several competing interpretations of probability, some leading schools of statistical inference, and the elements of Bayesian decision theory. In the process, it notes the aspects of Bayesian theory that have been applied in studies of forensic proof.

Plemel As A Primer On Proving Paternity, David H. Kaye

Journal Articles

Although in the past courts only permitted genetic evidence in paternity suits to prove that an accused man was not the father, with the advent of new genetic tests, which easily can exclude ninety to nitey-five percent of the population in most cases, the supreme courts of Massachusetts, Oregon, and Utah have held that various genetic tests may be used to prove paternity. While a positive move, the admissibility of genetic proof of paternity raises serious questions as to the manner in which this evidence should be presented in court. In the interests of efficiency, some jurisdictions seem to dispense …

Defending Battered Women's Self-Defense Claims, Kit Kinports

Journal Articles

This Article contends that many battered women who kill their abusive spouses can legitimately raise the standard self-defense claim. No substantial extension of self-defense doctrine is required to justify the acquittal of battered women on self-defense grounds. Furthermore, no special "battered women defense" is necessary or even desirable in such cases.

Part I of this Article summarizes the results of psychological research studying abused women and battering relationships. It further explains the concept of the :battered woman syndrome" which describes the effects of sustained physical and psychological abuse by one's husband. Part II discusses the requirements of a successful self-defense …

Legislative Enforcement Of Equal Protection, Stephen F. Ross

Journal Articles

This Article explores the legislative role in enforcing the constitutional guarantee to equal protection. Part I describes the underenforcement principle that explains the restrictive judicial exercise of authority in constitutional matters. The Article then focuses on Congress' role in examining issues relating to the constitutional guarantee of equal protection that the courts have chosen to underenforce. Part II analyzes relevant constitutional provisions that may empower or limit congressional actions. Part III considers ways in which Congress can address state violations of equal protection through directives to the judiciary and through the legislative process. Part IV details how both federal and …

Introduction: The Internationalization Of Law And Legal Practice, Thomas E. Carbonneau

Journal Articles

The Eason-Weinmann Colloquium entitled "The Internationalization of Law and Legal Practice," held in March 1988, addressed the challenges posed to conventional legal practice and rules of law by the evolution of the international marketplace. In light of the increasingly international character of commercial transactions, could or should disputes in transnational business ventures be adjudicated exclusively within national processes and according to domestic strictures? Does the character of these transactions portend the creation of a new genre of lawyering? Are current academic curricula adapted to the molding of this new breed of lawyers? Is a functional international bar possible? Do we …

The Reception Of Arbitration In United States Law, Thomas E. Carbonneau

Journal Articles

The willingness of any national legal system to endorse the process of arbitral adjudication can be measured by whether its governing statutory law and accompanying case law sustain the validity of arbitration agreements and limit judicial supervision of arbitral proceedings and awards - in effect, whether the laws of a nation establish a cooperative relationship between the courts and the arbitral process. On both scores, United States law on arbitration evinces a clear determination to support the process. The development of the law has given the framework of arbitral adjudication its necessary systemic autonomy.

America And Other National Variations On The Theme Of International Commercial Arbitration, Thomas E. Carbonneau

Journal Articles

Despite attempts at harmonization through treaty relations and State participation in multilateral organizations, the international arena is a composite of unsettled and unsettling structures. The volatility of global politics and discordant national perceptions of legitimate lawful conduct constitute a precarious, usually unsuitable, basis for an international rule of law. Domestic concepts of legality rarely serve as adequate instruments for molding the character of international relations. The irreducible principle of national sovereignty makes the world community resistant to the adoption of universal juridical standards and consecrates the fragmentation of national self-interest as the ultimate source of legality among nation-states. This article …

The Line Between History And Casenote, John Henry Schlegel

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Library Budgeting For Law Librarians: A Selected Bibliography, 1965-1986, Dwight B. King

Journal Articles

This annotated bibliography of selected books and articles published from 1965-1986 lists sources from the general library literature and law librarianship of methods of budget preparation and presentation, library costs and performance measures as they relate to budgeting, and library bookkeeping and budget management.

Lawyers As Assimilators And Preservers, Thomas L. Shaffer, Mary M. Shaffer

Journal Articles

The United States, more than most nation-states, has a history of confrontations between one culture and another, and of law as a means of ending cultural confrontations. Again and again in America, our dominant Anglo-Saxon Protestant culture has dealt with an alien culture and, as the story is usually told, overcome it. The dominant culture has used the law to bring the vulnerable culture into conformity to what we have referred to as "the American way."

We want to suggest that such a legal figure has two ways of using his legal power to deal between cultures—ways that are different …

The Article Iii Judiciary In Its Third Century, Kenneth F. Ripple

Journal Articles

Tonight we celebrate the memory of one of the great American jurists of this century, Robert A. Ainsworth, Jr. In this bicentennial year of our Constitution, it seems most appropriate that we honor the memory of Judge Ainsworth by reflecting on that part of the Constitution to which he exhibited so much devotion—article III, the judicial article.

Fisheries Management And Development In The Eez: The North, South, And Southwest Pacific Experience, William O. Mclean, Sompong Sucharitkul

Journal Articles

The establishment of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ's) has generated modifications of existing institutional arrangements and creations of new regional bodies to promote international cooperation in the conservation, management, and development of living resources of the sea. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the "Convention") has affected fisheries management by authorizing coastal States to extend their sovereign rights over living and non-living resources seaward up to the outer limits of 200-nautical-mile off-shore areas, measured from their coastlines which could be drawn as straight baselines. On a global basis, the areas within the exclusive economic zones of coastal …

Rule 11 In The Constitutional Case, Gary J. Saalman, Kenneth Ripple

Journal Articles

The 1983 amendments to the Rules of Civil Procedure arose from concern over the flood of litigation in recent years and its high costs to both litigants and the court system. Although the causes of this litigation explosion and the remedies are both many and complex, the pretrial stage of litigation and the standards governing attorney responsibility were considered major contributors to the problem and prime areas for reform. The drafters of the 1983 amendments sought to streamline the litigation process by increasing judicial oversight and deterring abusive or dilatory tactics by the bar. Some of the most significant changes …

Faith In The Republic: A Frances Lewis Law Center Conversation, Thomas L. Shaffer, Stanley Hauerwas, Sanford Levinson, Mark V. Tushnet, Harlan R. Beckley, Lewis H. Larue, Ann M. Massie, David K. Millon, R. Neville Richardson, O. Kendall White

Journal Articles

This is a spontaneous conversation discussing Hauserwas’ singular political theology in response to Levinson and Tushnet’s constitutional jurisprudence. It developed into a highly interesting debate concerning constitutional faith. This conversation was recorded at Washington and Lee’s Law Center on December 11, 1987.

Law Enforcement And The Separation Of Powers, Gerard V. Bradley

Journal Articles

The underlying theory and internal coherence of separation of powers is examined. It is noted that the classic rationale for the separation of power is to prevent tyranny by placing execution of the laws in hands independent from those of the legislature. The author summarizes various opinions that contradict this rationale. For example, Synar stated that the legislature and the Executive were directly accountable to the people if they neglected interbranch checks between them. The separation of powers theory, which justifies the claimed enforcement prerogative, is examined from a constitutional perspective. The author also reports on the consequences of federalism. …

Dedication: Dean John O. Mudd, Thomas L. Shaffer

Journal Articles

Professor Shaffer writes this dedication to honor our former Dean Mudd. He highlights Dean Mudd’s contribution to the legal profession and public interest, as well as his ability to look around at what was going on around him and create change.

American Contract Law At The Turn Of The Century, Walter Pratt

Journal Articles

Today, courts are finding agreements to be a contract that historically would have been found to be unenforceable. During the past century, when America became a modern urban society, contract law has underwent a major transformation. Economic expansion led to a new contracting practice of reduced specificity in the terms of the agreements. The judges recognized that the doctrines of the past were no longer adequate for the new commercial world, and modified the court doctrines to embrace this greater uncertainty in terms. This Article looks to the emergence of the doctrine of ‘good faith’ as the key to understanding …

Implications Of The Coming Retreat From Roe V. Wade, Charles E. Rice

Journal Articles

In Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Supreme Court held unconstitutional Pennsylvania statutes which required that (1) pregnant women give "informed consent" to an abortion and that they be provided information as to the characteristics of their unborn child, the nature and risks of abortion and the availability of alternatives to abortion; (2) the attending physician must file detailed reports on abortions and the reports be made available to the public for copying, even though this could lead to public identification of the woman having the abortion; (3) that in post-viability abortions, the physician use the care …

Images Of Violence In Labor Jurisprudence: The Regulation Of Picketing And Boycotts, 1894-1921, Dianne Avery

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Schiavone: An Un-Fortune-Ate Illustration Of The Supreme Court's Role As Interpreter Of The Federal Rules Of Civil Procedure, Joseph P. Bauer

Journal Articles

Let me identify the two basic theses of this paper. First, I believe that in the recent Schiavone v. Fortune case, the Supreme Court gave the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure under consideration there, Rule 15(c), an unduly restrictive reading. In this, the fiftieth year of the effective date of the Rules, it is particularly unfortunate to see any of the Rules given an unnecessarily grudging interpretation. My second assertion is that as a general matter, in interpreting the Federal Rules, courts should recognize that their role is different from the one they play in interpreting statutes or in applying …

Beyond Criticism, Guyora Binder

Journal Articles

During the 1980’s, Critical Legal Studies was frequently criticized for offering no policy prescriptions. This essay explained critical scholars’ reluctance to propose policy as a reflection of their epistemological and political critiques of instrumentalist policy analysis. Because critical scholars saw both causal relationships and interests as highly contingent on normative assumptions, they were skeptical of claims that well-intentioned law reforms would benefit the interests of the poor and the powerless. Valuing democratic participation, critical legal scholars were also reluctant to define the interests of the powerless for them. The essay proceeded to argue that critical legal scholars should see instrumentalism …

The Legal Ethics Of Belonging, Thomas L. Shaffer

Journal Articles

Socrates went around Athens telling law teachers and law students that their highest concern should be to be good people. And, he said, the next and consequent concern of the profession should be to show the citizens of Athens how to be good people. For Socrates, as for virtually all of classical moral philosophy and much of Jewish and Christian moral theology, ethical discussion is discussion about the good person. When we talk about Aristotle's man of practical wisdom, or when we talk about heroes, saints, role models, paragons, or professional examplars, it is the good person we are talking …

Comment, Section 337 And Gatt In The Akzo Controversy: A Pre- And Post-Omnibus Trade And Competitiveness Act Analysis, Mark C. Modak-Truran

Journal Articles

Section 337 of the United States Tariff Act of 1930 ("Section 337") protects intellectual property rights from international pirating and counterfeiting. It provides a mechanism for excluding infringing imports from the United States marketplace. Before the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (the "Omnibus Trade Act"), some argued that Section 337 should be amended to provide for further protection. Others maintained that Section 337 conflicts with United States obligations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ("GATT") or that further substantive amendments of Section 337 would conflict with GATT. A GATT Panel in Imports of Certain Automotive Spring …

The Catholic Tradition, Thomas L. Shaffer

Journal Articles

If you stand in the road near one of the on-campus Roman Catholic university law schools in the United States, you can probably see a church spire. You can squint past whatever fire wall or battlement or gothic tower there is on the law building and see the campus church. You can do this at Notre Dame, St. Louis, Creighton, San Francisco, Boston College, and San Diego. If you go inside one of these law buildings, you may find crucifixes, chapels, holy-water fonts, or a statute of Thomas More. But none of these things will tell you what those law …

Of Time Limits, Worksharing And Deferral: An Analysis Of Eeoc V. Commercial Office Products Co., Barbara J. Fick

Journal Articles

This article previews the Supreme Court case EEOC v. Commercial Office Products Co., 486 U.S. 107 (1988). The author expected the Court to address the following issue: When a state civil rights agency decides to defer processing an employment discrimination charge to the EEOC, has the agency "terminated" its proceedings so that the charge will be deemed filed with the EEOC for purposes of calculating the statute of limitations?

Unique, Novel, And Unsound Adversary Ethic, Thomas L. Shaffer

Journal Articles

The dominant ethic in the American legal profession in 1988 is the adversary ethic. The adversary ethic, in the words of the late Justice Abe Fortas, claims that "[l]awyers are agents, not principals; and they should neither criticize nor tolerate criticism based upon the character of the client whom they represent or the cause that they prosecute or defend. They cannot and should not accept responsibility for the client's practices." This ethic is the principal—and often the only—reference point in professional discussions. Although it is embedded in our professional codes, our cases, and our law offices, this Article argues that …

Christian Theology For Roman Catholic Law Schools, Thomas L. Shaffer, Robert E. Rodes Jr.

Journal Articles

Roman Catholic universities maintain law schools for theological purposes. This Article discusses the five steps to explaining the theological answer to why there are Catholic law schools—first, the presence of the law school is the presence of the church; second, the presence of the law school is the presence of service; third, the presence of the law school is a presence in the world; fourth, the presence of the law school in the world is enacted vicariously; and fifth, the presence of the law school in the world is a searching presence that reaches into the world to find out …