Law Commons^™

Conscientious Objection To Public Education: The Grievance And The Remedies, Charles E. Rice

Journal Articles

The Christian school movement is the logical outgrowth of the dissatisfaction of some parents, particularly some fundamentalist Baptists, with what they regard as excessive secularism in the public schools. The controversy has already produced some definitive litigation, but much remains unsettled. On the one hand, public authorities contend the public school is truly neutral toward religion. Compulsory attendance laws and other regulations by the state of private education are seen as legitimate measures, pursuant to the police power, to achieve a minimal level of intellectual and civic competence among the young. On the other hand, objecting parents and pastors regard …

Tax Avoidance, Alan Gunn

Journal Articles

Professor Gunn explores the merits of “tax avoidance” approaches in dealing with cases involving unpaid taxes. He describes definitions of the term and also illustrates some alternatives to the tax avoidance approach. Looking at how tax avoidance is dealt with in laws and in judicial decisions Gunn notes that lawmakers should not attempt to formulate authoritative rules on preventing it. This is because taxpayers have a well-known desire to reduce their taxes, and will find ways to get around laws. Authoritative and too well defined rules ignore what taxpayers might do in response to them. Professor Gunn concludes by arguing …

Challenging Conglomerate Mergers Under Section 7 Of The Clayton Act: Today's Law And Tomorrow's Legislation, Joseph P. Bauer

Journal Articles

Federal antitrust enforcement has undergone a radical transformation in the past decade. The change in enforcement patterns has been most noticeable in the area of merger law. The magnitude of this shift, the confusion that has characterized the case law accompanying it, and the increasing prominence of conglomerate mergers as a means to corporate expansion form the basis for this article. The primary source for regulation of mergers under the antitrust laws is section 7 of the Clayton Act, which proscribes those corporate acquisitions “where in any line of commerce in any section of the country, the effect of such …

Civil Rights And Legal Order: The Work Of A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., Donald P. Kommers, Eugenia S. Schwartz

Journal Articles

On October 11-12, 1978, Judge A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr.' delivered the Notre Dame Law School's Seventh Annual Civil Rights Lecture under the general title, "From Thomas Jefferson to Bakke: Race and the American Legal Process." It seems to us appropriate, therefore, on the occasion of the Higginbotham lecture, to consider his work as both historian and judge. Specifically, this article will serve the threefold purpose of (1) reviewing Matter of Color, (2) illustrating the author's use of history in two judicial opinions dealing with the rights of black Americans, and (3) reflecting upon the implications of Higginbotham's work in legal …

Douglas V. Willcuts Today: The Income Tax Problems Of Using Alimony Trusts, Alan Gunn

Journal Articles

Using a trust to satisfy a husband's' obligation to support his wife after divorce can be an appealing option. However, a trust in connection with divorce generates taxation problems, such as whether the husband or the wife should be taxed for trust income. Three fundamental questions arise from this problem: (1) Should a wife who receives trust payments meeting the requirements of section 71 be taxed in full on those payments, or taxed only on payments characterized as distributions of trust income under the trust conduit rules? (2) Should the husband or the wife be taxed on the income of …

The Mistake Of Fact Defense And The Reasonableness Requirement, Margaret F. Brinig

Journal Articles

This article examines specifically the mistake of fact defense and its disparate treatment under these two systems of justice. The British approach is to retain a subjective element in the mistake of fact defense, while American courts impose an objective "reasonableness" requirement. The substantive criminal law approach, utilizing the concept of mens rea, will be discussed first, and will be followed by a treatment of recent American constitutional developments in the area of burden of proof standards in their criminal context. Finally, two factually similar rape cases, one British and one American, will be analyzed to show the present contrasting …

Sentencing In Indiana: Appellate Review Of The Trial Court's Discretion, John Eric Smithburn

Journal Articles

Two significant developments, legislative and judicial, have taken place in Indiana criminal law in recent months which may offer an effective response to the problem of unguided discretionary sentencing. The Indiana Penal Code has been revised to require that the trial court, before sentencing a convicted felon, conduct a separate hearing for the purpose of determining the appropriate sentence and to make a record of the hearing which must include a statement of the court's reasons for selecting the sentence imposed. The General Assembly has also provided specific directives which the trial court must consider in determining a proper sentence …

A Lesson From Trollope For Counselors At Law, Thomas L. Shaffer

Journal Articles

This article is about the process by which a person makes up his mind. In literature, the making up of a character's mind is a stage on which an author lets you know about his people and about his time. An example is Huckleberry Finn deciding whether to report Jim, his companion and a runaway slave. I propose to consider another example of a literary character making up his mind-the story of Septimus Harding and the sinecure, in The Warden, a quaint Victorian ecclesiastical tale by Anthony Trollope.

Lawyers spend hours helping their clients make up their minds. The process …

The Development Of The Federal Law Of Gambling, G. Robert Blakey, Harold A. Kurland

Journal Articles

The Commission on the Review of the National Policy Toward Gambling, believing that the States should have the primary responsibility for determining what forms of gambling may legally take place within their borders, recently suggested that the federal government should prevent interference by one State with the gambling policies of another, and should act to protect identifiable national interests.

Although this broad recommendation reinforces the role the federal government has traditionally played in regulating gambling, the Commission also proposed specific amendments to the cur- rent federal gambling laws. Should Congress act upon the Commission's report or otherwise attempt a comprehensive …

Reassessing Law Schooling: The Sterling Forest Group, Thomas L. Shaffer

Journal Articles

This Article is the result of a weekend in December 1976 at the Sterling Forest Conference Center. Several legal educators came together there to explore the possible relevance of humanistic educational psychology to legal education, and the pieces that follow flow from the experiences in learning we shared there. The concerns that brought the ten of us together were not new; rather, they emanated from a longstanding challenge within the profession.

Although we taught at different institutions and in different fields, our experiences had led us to a common dissatisfaction with legal education and a hope that more was possible. …

Truthfulness And Tragedy (Book Review), Thomas L. Shaffer

Journal Articles

This is the third book in which Professor Stanley Hauerwas has developed his "story" approach to Christian ethics. It is a collection of essays, almost all of which appeared in periodicals, written while he was developing his theory more systematically in Vision and Virtue (1974), and in Character and the Christian Life (1975). One of the chapters here, on suicide and euthanasia, was written with Dr. Richard Bondi; two others, on story theology and on Albert Speer's Inside the Third Reich, were written with Father David B. Burrell. The essays are arranged so that they explain and defend Hauerwas' thought …