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Full-Text Articles in Law

Antitrust Overreach In Labor Markets: A Response To Eric Posner, Richard Epstein Jan 2022

Antitrust Overreach In Labor Markets: A Response To Eric Posner, Richard Epstein

Articles

No abstract provided.


Article 2(4) And Authoritarian International Law, Tom Ginsburg Jan 2022

Article 2(4) And Authoritarian International Law, Tom Ginsburg

Articles

In 1970, Thomas Franck asked a rhetorical question of enduring significance: Who Killed Article 2(4)?1 The reference is to the provision of the United Nations Charter that requires all member states to refrain “from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state.”2 Vladimir Putin’s gambit in Ukraine, conducted with the rhetorical purpose of eliminating the country as an independent state, is the latest in a series of events that periodically cause analysts to bemoan the end of the post-World War II international order. Will this time be different? Will it …


Modeling Comparative Cost-Effectiveness Of Sars-Cov-2 Vaccine Dose Fractionation In India, Zhanwei Du, Lin Wang, Abhishek Pandey, Wey Wen Lim, Matteo Chinazzi, Ana Pastore Piontti, Eric H.Y. Lau, Peng Wu, Anup Malani, Sarah Cobey, Benjamin Cowling Jan 2022

Modeling Comparative Cost-Effectiveness Of Sars-Cov-2 Vaccine Dose Fractionation In India, Zhanwei Du, Lin Wang, Abhishek Pandey, Wey Wen Lim, Matteo Chinazzi, Ana Pastore Piontti, Eric H.Y. Lau, Peng Wu, Anup Malani, Sarah Cobey, Benjamin Cowling

Articles

No abstract provided.


Personalized Class Actions, Omri Ben-Shahar Jan 2022

Personalized Class Actions, Omri Ben-Shahar

Articles

No abstract provided.


Managerial Contracting: A Preliminary Study, Lisa Bernstein, Brad Peterson Jan 2022

Managerial Contracting: A Preliminary Study, Lisa Bernstein, Brad Peterson

Articles

Important types of contractual relationships—among them those between integrated product manufacturers and their suppliers—are neither fully transactional nor fully relational. The agreements that govern these relationships incorporate highly detailed written terms that focus not only on what is promised but also on the details of how it is to be achieved and how suppliers’ actions will be monitored and responded to over the life of the agreement. Together with the implicit relational contracts that support their operation, these provisions create an economic hybrid that lies between markets and hierarchies, a set of relatively standard institutional arrangements that give buyers the …


Toward A “Tender Offer” Market For Labor Representation, Aneil Kovval, Jonathan R. Macey Jan 2022

Toward A “Tender Offer” Market For Labor Representation, Aneil Kovval, Jonathan R. Macey

Articles

American workers are not sharing in the robust growth of the economy. Traditionally, large numbers of workers sought to improve their lot by bargaining collectively through unions. But this strategy does not seem to be working for enough workers. Despite some recent renewed activity, private-sector unionization rates remain below ten percent and the unions that are in place have struggled to perform well, either in avoiding scandals or in delivering significant returns to workers in the form of job security or wage growth. This Article pro-poses a radical fix to the problem of declining unions. Drawing inspiration from corporate governance …


Constitutional Challenges To Public Health Orders In Federal Courts During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kenny Mok, Eric A. Posner Jan 2022

Constitutional Challenges To Public Health Orders In Federal Courts During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kenny Mok, Eric A. Posner

Articles

We examine federal judicial cases involving nonreligious civil-liberties challenges to COVID-19-related public health orders from the start of the pandemic in early 2020 to January 27, 2022. Consistent with the tradition of judicial deference toward states during emergencies, we find a high level of success for governments. However, governments did lose in 14.2% of the cases, and in those losses, there is evidence of partisan or ideological influence. Republican-appointed judges were more likely to rule in favor of challengers who brought claims based on gun rights and property rights, while Democratic- appointed judges were more likely to rule in favor …


The Legal Envelope Theorem, David A. Weisbach, Daniel J. Hemel Jan 2022

The Legal Envelope Theorem, David A. Weisbach, Daniel J. Hemel

Articles

Nontax legal rules regulating the workplace, the financial sector, real property, and many other areas affect the ability of governments to collect revenues and provide public goods. Yet tax-collection considerations rarely enter into economic analyses of nontax legal rules. Usually, tax-collection concerns are shunted aside to separate studies (and separate law school courses) rather than integrated into debates in nontax spheres. This separation between nontax legal rules and tax-collection considerations bears significant negative consequences for the ability of law and economics to generate descriptively accurate and normatively attractive accounts of important nontax legal questions.

This Article takes a step toward …


Duplicative Taxation Among The States: A Problem Not Worth Solving?, Julie Roin Jan 2022

Duplicative Taxation Among The States: A Problem Not Worth Solving?, Julie Roin

Articles

Recent legal and economic changes not to mention the rise in telecommuting caused by COVID have raised the salience of a lon-simmering fact about the operation of state and local income tax systems: some multistate employers and employees pay a combined income tax liability that is higher than the tax they would have borne had they operated in just one jurisdiction. Seemingly beyond the reach of the courts to correct, there have been persistent calls for congressional action to eliminate or reduce this "duplicative" taxation. This Article suggests that the alleged problem may be both less of a problem, and …


Police Agencies On Facebook Overreport On Black Suspects, Ben Grunwald, Julian Nyarko, John Rappaport Jan 2022

Police Agencies On Facebook Overreport On Black Suspects, Ben Grunwald, Julian Nyarko, John Rappaport

Articles

A large and growing share of the American public turns to Facebook for news. On this platform, reports about crime increasingly come directly from law enforcement agencies, raising questions about content curation. We gathered all posts from almost 14,000 Facebook pages maintained by US law enforcement agencies, focusing on reporting about crime and race. We found that Facebook users are exposed to posts that overrepresent Black suspects by 25 percentage points relative to local arrest rates. This overexposure occurs across crime types and geographic regions and increases with the proportion of both Republican voters and non-Black residents. Widespread exposure to …


Promoting Regulatory Prediction, Jonathan Masur, Jonathan Remy Nash Jan 2022

Promoting Regulatory Prediction, Jonathan Masur, Jonathan Remy Nash

Articles

It is essential for environmental protection that private actors be able to anticipate government regulation. If for instance, the Biden Administration is planning to tighten regulations of greenhouse gas emissions, it is imperative that private companies anticipate this regulatory change now, not a few years from now after they have constructed even more coal- and gas-fired power plants. Those additional power plants will mean more irreversible greenhouse gases, and these plants can be politically challenging to shutter once built. The point is general to private actors making decisions in the shadow of potential government regulation. Better information about future government …


Ideation And Innovation In Constitutional Rights, Tom Ginsburg Jan 2022

Ideation And Innovation In Constitutional Rights, Tom Ginsburg

Articles

This article explores the development of ideas in constitutional design. The point of departure is a perspective of constitutions-as-products, and thus, an examination of the invention, innovation, and an uptake of these products. The article conceptualizes constitutional innovation and distinguishes its manifestations with respect to constitutional products, the process of constitution-making, and in supporting institutions. The last two elements, in line with Schumpeter’s approach to innovation, would seem especially important to constitutional development. The article provides several examples from the area of human rights and argues that innovations tend to be found in situations in which there is strong aversion …


Reflections Of A Supreme Court Commissioner, William Baude Jan 2022

Reflections Of A Supreme Court Commissioner, William Baude

Articles

In 2021, President Joseph Biden convened a presidential commission to consider proposals to reform the Supreme Court. Dozens of witnesses dressed up to provide live testimony to the commission, thousands of people wrote in with additional testimony, and the commission ultimately sent the President a 294-page report.1 I served on that commission and agreed to submit our report to the President. But much is lost in committee. What follows are my own views on the subjects we considered.

In keeping with the structure of the commission’s report, Part I addresses background, Part II addresses court packing, Part III addresses term …


Not-For-Profits, Esgs, And The Economic Structure Of Corporate Law, Saul Levmore Jan 2022

Not-For-Profits, Esgs, And The Economic Structure Of Corporate Law, Saul Levmore

Articles

A compelling point in The Economic Structure of Corporate Law is that the single goal of maximizing shareholder value is efficient and generally desirable because it gives the managers one aim—while leaving room for law and private contracts to impose constraints on the firm in order to control negative externalities and other social concerns. Easterbrook and Fischel say that: “A manager told to serve two masters (a little for the equity holder, a little for the community) has been freed of both and is answerable to neither.” The point is an especially good one when the manager has more of …


Escape Room: Implicit Takings After Cedar Point Nursery, Lee Fennell Jan 2022

Escape Room: Implicit Takings After Cedar Point Nursery, Lee Fennell

Articles

No abstract provided.


Antitrust And Inequality, Eric A. Posner, Cass R. Sunstein Jan 2022

Antitrust And Inequality, Eric A. Posner, Cass R. Sunstein

Articles

In its current form, antitrust law is sometimes said to advance consumer welfare and to disregard economic inequality. In fact, because monopoly and monopsony benefit shareholders at the expense of workers and consumers antitrust law redistributes resources from (generally wealthier) shareholders to (generally less wealthy) workers and consumers. Antitrust enforcement agencies seeking to reduce inequality might adjust their priorities and target markets that are disproportionately important for low-income people. Agriculture and health care would be good places to start; food and medicine compose a larger share of the budget of low-income people than of others, and these goods are essential …


Checks, Not Balances, Joshua C. Macey, Brian M. Richardson Jan 2022

Checks, Not Balances, Joshua C. Macey, Brian M. Richardson

Articles

Critics of the administrative state who would revive the nondelegation doctrine and embrace the unitary theory of executive power often assume that each branch’s powers are capable of precise definition, functionally distinct from the others, and that the formal boundaries between each branch are sacrosanct. This Article situates these critiques in Founding Era and nineteenth century debates about the structure of the Constitution. In the 1780s, the AntiFederalists objected to the Constitution for failing to enumerate a precise taxonomy of each branch’s powers, for failing to specify that each branch’s powers were exclusive, and for failing to make government officials …


Nonparty Interests In Contract Law, Omri Ben-Shahar, David A. Hoffman, Cathy Hwang Jan 2022

Nonparty Interests In Contract Law, Omri Ben-Shahar, David A. Hoffman, Cathy Hwang

Articles

Contract law has one overarching goal: to advance the legitimate interests of the contracting parties. For the most part, scholars, judges, and parties embrace this party primacy norm, recognizing only a few exceptions, such as mandatory rules that bar enforcement of agreements that harm others. This Article describes a distinct species of previously unnoticed contract law rules that advance nonparty interests, which it calls “nonparty defaults.”

In doing so, this Article makes three contributions to the contract law literature. First, it identifies nonparty defaults as a judicial technique. It shows how courts deviate from the party primary norm with surprising …


The Expanding Universe Of Bilateral Labor Agreements, Adam Chilton, Bartosz Woda Jan 2022

The Expanding Universe Of Bilateral Labor Agreements, Adam Chilton, Bartosz Woda

Articles

In the seventy-five years since the end of World War II, pairs of countries have entered into over a thousand bilateral labor agreements (BLAs) to regulate the cross-border flow of workers. These agreements have received little public or academic attention. This is likely, in part, because there is limited data or easily available information on BLAs. This Article hopes to change that by introducing three new resources: (1) a dataset documenting the formation of over 1,200 BLAs; (2) a corpus including the texts of over 800 BLAs; and (3) a dataset coding whether over 500 BLAs mention twenty topics that …


Hidden Agendas In Shareholder Voting, Scott Hirst, Adriana Z. Robertson Jan 2022

Hidden Agendas In Shareholder Voting, Scott Hirst, Adriana Z. Robertson

Articles

Nothing in either corporate or securities law requires companies to notify investors what they will be voting on before the record date for a shareholder meeting. We show that, overwhelmingly, they do not. The result is “hidden agendas”: for 88% of shareholder votes, investors cannot find out what they will be voting on before the record date. This poses an especially serious problem for investors who engage in securities lending: they must decide whether the expected benefit of voting exceeds the expected benefit of continuing to lend their shares (or making them available for lending) without knowing what they will …


In Tribute: Justice Stephen G. Breyer, Jennifer Nou Jan 2022

In Tribute: Justice Stephen G. Breyer, Jennifer Nou

Articles

No abstract provided.


Regulatory Diffusion, Jennifer Nou, Julian Nyarko Jan 2022

Regulatory Diffusion, Jennifer Nou, Julian Nyarko

Articles

Regulatory diffusion occurs when an agency adopts a substantially similar rule to that of another agency. Indeed, regulatory texts proliferate just like other forms of law do. While this insight has been explored across countries, this dynamic also occurs closer to home: American administrative agencies regularly borrow language from one another. Our research shows that, in recent years, agencies reused one out of every ten paragraphs of the Code of Federal Regulations. These findings are timely given the Supreme Court’s call for judges to be less deferential to agency regulatory interpretation. There is thus newfound significance to understanding how legislative …


Assessing Affirmative Action's Diversity Rationale, Adam Chilton, Justin Driver, Jonathan Masur, Kyle Rozema Jan 2022

Assessing Affirmative Action's Diversity Rationale, Adam Chilton, Justin Driver, Jonathan Masur, Kyle Rozema

Articles

No abstract provided.


Why Judicial Independence Fails, Aziz Huq Jan 2021

Why Judicial Independence Fails, Aziz Huq

Articles

No abstract provided.


Competing Algorithms For Law: Sentencing, Admissions, And Employment, Saul Levmore, Frank Fagan Jan 2021

Competing Algorithms For Law: Sentencing, Admissions, And Employment, Saul Levmore, Frank Fagan

Articles

No abstract provided.


Long Live The Federal Power Act’S Bright Line, Joshua Macey Jan 2021

Long Live The Federal Power Act’S Bright Line, Joshua Macey

Articles

No abstract provided.


Who Conquers With This Sign? The Significance Of The Secularization Of The Bladensburg Cross, Mary Anne Case Jan 2021

Who Conquers With This Sign? The Significance Of The Secularization Of The Bladensburg Cross, Mary Anne Case

Articles

No abstract provided.


The Performance Of Africa's International Courts: Using Litigation For Political, Legal, And Social Change, Tom Ginsburg Jan 2021

The Performance Of Africa's International Courts: Using Litigation For Political, Legal, And Social Change, Tom Ginsburg

Articles

No abstract provided.


New Empirical Tests For Classic Litigation Selection Models: Evidence From A Low Settlement Environment, Yun-Chien Chang, William H.J. Hubbard Jan 2021

New Empirical Tests For Classic Litigation Selection Models: Evidence From A Low Settlement Environment, Yun-Chien Chang, William H.J. Hubbard

Articles

No abstract provided.


Designing Supreme Court Term Limits, Adam Chilton, Daniel Epps, Kyle Rozema, Maya Sen Jan 2021

Designing Supreme Court Term Limits, Adam Chilton, Daniel Epps, Kyle Rozema, Maya Sen

Articles

Since the Founding, Supreme Court Justices have enjoyed life tenure. This helps insulate the Justices from political pressures, but it also results in unpredictable deaths and strategic retirements determining the timing of Court vacancies. In order to regularize the appointments process, a number of academics and policymakers have put forward detailed term-limits proposals. However, many of these proposals have been silent on several key design decisions, and there has been almost no empirical work assessing the impact that term limits would have on the composition of the Supreme Court.

This Article provides a framework for designing a complete term-limits proposal …