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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Law
Federalism Of Personal Finance: State & Federal Retirement Plans, William Birdthistle
Federalism Of Personal Finance: State & Federal Retirement Plans, William Birdthistle
All Faculty Scholarship
In this Article, I consider possible approaches that attempt to improve the plans through which millions of Americans tend to their life savings. I begin by considering the inadequacies of our current system of defined contribution accounts and then address two possible alternatives: the first being a federal account universally available to Americans based largely on the model of the Thrift Savings Plan; the second being a system of statebased retirement accounts like those that have already been developed in a handful of states. Though I conclude that a single, federal plan would be superior, either alternative approach would be …
Distributive Justice And Donative Intent, Alexander Boni-Saenz
Distributive Justice And Donative Intent, Alexander Boni-Saenz
All Faculty Scholarship
The inheritance system is beset by formalism. Probate courts reject wills on technicalities and refuse to correct obvious drafting mistakes by testators. These doctrines lead to donative errors, or outcomes that are not in line with the decedent’s donative intent. While scholars and reformers have critiqued the intent-defeating effects of formalism in the past, none have examined the resulting distribution of donative errors and connected it to broader social and economic inequalities. Drawing on egalitarian theories of distributive justice, this Article develops a novel critique of formalism in the inheritance law context. The central normative claim is that formalistic wills …
The Other Securities Regulator: A Case Study In Regulatory Damage, Anita Krug
The Other Securities Regulator: A Case Study In Regulatory Damage, Anita Krug
All Faculty Scholarship
Although the Securities and Exchange Commission is the primary securities regulator in the United States, the Department of Labor also engages in “securities regulation.” It does so by virtue of its authority to administer the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), the statute that governs the investment of retirement assets. In 2016, the DOL used its securities regulatory authority to adopt a rule that, for the first time, designates securities brokers who provide investment advice to retirement investors as fiduciaries subject to ERISA’s stringent transaction prohibitions. The new rule’s objective is salutary, to be sure. However, this Article shows that, …
Uncertain Futures In Evolving Financial Markets, Anita Krug
Uncertain Futures In Evolving Financial Markets, Anita Krug
All Faculty Scholarship
Today’s publicly offered investment funds, including mutual funds, have ever more diverse investment strategies, as they increasingly invest in financial instruments that, in earlier years, had been the province of only the most sophisticated investors. Although the new landscape of investment possibilities may substantially benefit retail investors, one financial instrument attracting increasing amounts of retail investors’ assets is acutely troublesome: the commodity futures contract. Futures originated as a means for farmers and other producers of agricultural commodities to ensure that their products could be sold at reasonable prices. Early on, the goals of futures regulation centered on one particular risk …
Investing And Pretending, Anita Krug
Investing And Pretending, Anita Krug
All Faculty Scholarship
One of the more prominent components of Dodd–Frank’s regulatory changes was Title VII, providing for the regulation of the over-the-counter derivatives known as “swaps.” A swap is a financial instrument whose value is based on an asset—the “reference asset”—that is wholly unrelated to the swap itself. Although there was much ado about swap regulation immediately after Dodd–Frank’s enactment, the same cannot be said of the many rules that the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) has subsequently adopted pursuant to its authority under Title VII. This Article critically evaluates the CFTC’s “swap rules” and identifies the regulatory vision that they reflect. …
Downstream Securities Regulation, Anita Krug
Downstream Securities Regulation, Anita Krug
All Faculty Scholarship
Securities regulation wears two hats. Its “upstream” side governs firms in connection with their obtaining financing in the securities markets. That is, it regulates firms’ and issuers’ offers and sales of securities, whether in public offerings to retail investors or in private offerings to institutional investors. Its “downstream” side, by contrast, governs financial services providers, who assist with investors’ activities in those markets. Their services include providing advice regarding securities investments, as investment advisers do; aggregating investors’ assets for purposes of enabling those investors to invest their assets collectively, as mutual funds do; and acting as “middlemen” between buyers and …
The Modern Corporation Magnified: Managerial Accountability In Financial Services Holding Companies, Anita Krug
The Modern Corporation Magnified: Managerial Accountability In Financial Services Holding Companies, Anita Krug
All Faculty Scholarship
This Article first recalls the primary contours of Adolf Berle and Gardiner Means’s acclaimed observations regarding the separation of ownership and control in the “modern corporation,” as well as their conclusions about the implications of those observations for the doctrine of shareholder primacy. Second, the Article describes how the activities of FSHCs generally differ from what we think corporations do and, certainly, from what Berle and Means conceived of as the purpose of corporations or, indeed, any business enterprise. Third, this Article articulates how those business activities render more acute the problem of the separation of ownership and control that …
Rethinking U.S. Investment Adviser Regulation, Anita Krug
Rethinking U.S. Investment Adviser Regulation, Anita Krug
All Faculty Scholarship
(Excerpt)Now, in the aftermath of Dodd-Frank's enactment and the SEC's associated bout of rulemaking, one might think that the Advisers Act's regulatory regime is a workable and effective one, equipped to address - and address efficiently - the investor-protection risks that the twenty-first-century investment adviser industry produces. In fact, however, Dodd-Frank did not touch - and, indeed, Dodd-Frank's crafters indicated no awareness of - many of the Advisers Act's longstanding troubles. Additionally, the changes Dodd-Frank brought about have their own considerable deficiencies. As this Article contends, the U.S. investment adviser regulatory regime, now seventy-four years old, is in need of …
Institutionalization, Investment Adviser Regulation, And The Hedge Fund Problem, Anita Krug
Institutionalization, Investment Adviser Regulation, And The Hedge Fund Problem, Anita Krug
All Faculty Scholarship
This Article contends that more effective regulation of investment advisers could be achieved by recognizing that the growth of hedge funds, private equity funds, and other private funds in recent decades is a manifestation of institutionalization in the investment advisory context. That is, investment advisers today commonly advise these “institutions,” which have supplanted other, smaller investors as advisory clients. However, the federal securities statute governing investment advisers, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, does not address the role of private funds as institutions that now intermediate those smaller investors’ relationships to investment advisers. Consistent with that failure, investment adviser regulation …
Private Fund Adviser Registration Act Hr-3818, Anita Krug
Private Fund Adviser Registration Act Hr-3818, Anita Krug
All Faculty Scholarship
This paper comments on the Obama administration's 2009 proposal for the regulation of hedge fund investment advisers.
Financial Regulatory Reform And Private Funds, Anita Krug
Financial Regulatory Reform And Private Funds, Anita Krug
All Faculty Scholarship
This white paper comments on the Obama administration's June 2009 proposal for the regulation of hedge fund investment advisers.
The Regulatory Response To Madoff, Anita Krug
The Regulatory Response To Madoff, Anita Krug
All Faculty Scholarship
This white paper evaluates investor protection mechanisms in the securities regulatory regime at the time the Madoff fraud was exposed. It considers whether the post-Madoff call for additional regulation of hedge funds and/or their managers - and/or their respective activities - was warranted.
The Hedge Fund Transparency Act Of 2009, Anita Krug
The Hedge Fund Transparency Act Of 2009, Anita Krug
All Faculty Scholarship
This white paper provides a review and critique of a bill introduced by Senators Charles Grassley (R-Iowa) and Carl Levin (D-Mich.) in the Senate in early 2009 that, if enacted, would have imposed certain registration and disclosure requirements on hedge funds and certain other private funds.
British Banks' In The Uk Capital Markets Since The Big Bang, Philip N. Hablutzel
British Banks' In The Uk Capital Markets Since The Big Bang, Philip N. Hablutzel
All Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
State Regulation Of Branch Banking, Philip N. Hablutzel
State Regulation Of Branch Banking, Philip N. Hablutzel
All Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.