Law Commons^™

Justice Jackson's Flag Salute Legacy: The Supreme Court Struggles To Protect Intellectual Individualism, Leora Harpaz

Faculty Scholarship

The first amendment has long protected a complex and interwoven range of individual interests. Protected freedoms often involve expressive activities-religion, speech, the press, assembly, and association. The first amendment also protects an individual's freedom to refrain from expressive activity.

Two distinct kinds of liberty interest support the right to refrain from expressive activity. First, individuals have an interest in not being forced to reveal information about personal beliefs or associations. Such a claim may arise in a variety of contexts: a reporter may not wish to reveal the identity of news sources for fear of discouraging future revelations; a public …