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Articles 1 - 30 of 42
Full-Text Articles in Law
Crystals, Mud, Bapcpa, And The Structure Of Bankruptcy Decisionmaking, R. Wilson Freyermuth
Crystals, Mud, Bapcpa, And The Structure Of Bankruptcy Decisionmaking, R. Wilson Freyermuth
Faculty Publications
A critical feature of any legal system is its formal dispute resolution mechanism. From the perspective of a transactions lawyer, the dispute resolution process should be structured to accomplish (or at least contribute positively toward) doctrinal clarity.
New Judicial Hostility To Arbitration: Federal Preemption, Contract Unconscionability, And Agreements To Arbitrate, The, Steven J. Burton
New Judicial Hostility To Arbitration: Federal Preemption, Contract Unconscionability, And Agreements To Arbitrate, The, Steven J. Burton
Journal of Dispute Resolution
Part I of this Article sketches the basics of arbitration law and practice, and traces the development of the federal policy favoring arbitration, to establish a basis for evaluating contemporary judicial decisions. Part II examines the justification for the policy favoring arbitration and the reasons contracting parties may prefer arbitration. Part III evaluates the reasons courts give for finding arbitration agreements in employment and consumer contexts unconscionable, and therefore, unenforceable. The conclusion is that many courts make many clearly erroneous decisions, including decisions that are unconstitutional because they are preempted.
Thou Shalt Love Thy Neighbor: Rluipa And The Mediation Of Religious Land Use Disputes, Jeffrey H. Goldfien
Thou Shalt Love Thy Neighbor: Rluipa And The Mediation Of Religious Land Use Disputes, Jeffrey H. Goldfien
Journal of Dispute Resolution
The question addressed in this article is whether existing systems for processing religious land use claims are well-suited to the task. The conclusion is that they are not, and that local officials and others involved in religious land use disputes ought to consider employing mediation at an early stage. The main virtue of mediation in this context is the opportunity it provides for disputants to meet face-to-face in an effort to understand the views of others, even if they do not agree with them. Facilitated dialogues among persons with differing perspectives is precisely what is missing from the traditional systems …
Resolving Conflict Together: The Understanding-Based Model Of Mediation, Gary Friedman, Jack Himmelstein
Resolving Conflict Together: The Understanding-Based Model Of Mediation, Gary Friedman, Jack Himmelstein
Journal of Dispute Resolution
The following excerpt is from a book in progress-tentatively titled, Resolving Conflict Together: The Understanding-Based Model of Mediation-that is planned to be published in 2007 by the American Bar Association. In this book, we seek to set out the approach to mediation that we have been developing through our work with the Center for Mediation in Law (the Center). We have termed this approach the "Understanding-Based Model" of mediation. The book develops twelve mediation cases, in which Gary served as mediator and which, with commentary, serve to transmit our approach to mediation. Each case focuses on a different aspect of …
Adding Judicial Mediation To The Debate About Judges Attempting To Settle Cases Assigned To Them For Trial, Peter Robinson
Adding Judicial Mediation To The Debate About Judges Attempting To Settle Cases Assigned To Them For Trial, Peter Robinson
Journal of Dispute Resolution
The article then explores the ramifications of the Uniform Mediation Act's express inapplicability of its confidentiality provisions to a mediation "conducted by a judge who might make a ruling on the case." Finally, the article suggests how the advent of judicial mediation might lead to standards of practice that would clarify the law and resolve the debate about judges conducting either settlement conferences or mediations for cases assigned to them for trial.
Reflections On A Mindful Giant: A Tribute To Len Riskin, Margaret Shaw
Reflections On A Mindful Giant: A Tribute To Len Riskin, Margaret Shaw
Journal of Dispute Resolution
Len Riskin is a man who is usually associated with raisins. This is because he is known for getting you to close your eyes and picture grapes growing on a vine somewhere in South America and after a really, really long time and a really, really long trip for those grapes, you get to take a miniscule bite out of the raisin you have been holding that gradually has become the focus of all of your attention.
After Basic Mindfulness Mediation: External Mindfulness, Emotional Truthfulness, And Lie Detection In Dispute Resolution, Clark Freshman
After Basic Mindfulness Mediation: External Mindfulness, Emotional Truthfulness, And Lie Detection In Dispute Resolution, Clark Freshman
Journal of Dispute Resolution
Some years ago, our mutual friend, Carrie Menkel-Meadow, suggested Len Riskin and I talk about our shared interest in mindfulness meditation and negotiation. At the time, I had students sit quietly, eyes closed, get in touch with what was going on before a negotiation, write it out, and then crumple up the paper. It was a primitive form of meditation and journaling and, as I look back through research, not a very sound theoretical or empirically-supported way to help.' Eventually, mindfulness meditation and practices helped move me from my very primitive attempts at mindfulness to a very rich practice that …
State Legislative Update, Melissa Blair, Michael Benton, Jessica Gunder, David Lefevre
State Legislative Update, Melissa Blair, Michael Benton, Jessica Gunder, David Lefevre
Journal of Dispute Resolution
As of December 1, 2006, twenty-eight states have enacted some type of right to cure legislation. On April, 28, 2006, Georgia, one of the twenty-eight, amended its construction defect dispute resolution procedures to clarify the responsibilities of the parties. Pennsylvania attempted to become the twenty-ninth, the bill having passed both houses of the legislature, but the Governor vetoed the bill on March 17. Right to cure legislation was considered in South Dakota, but it was deferred to the 36th Legislative Day on February 8, 2006.
Mediator As Peacemaker: The Case For Activist Transformative-Narrative Mediation, Christopher Harper
Mediator As Peacemaker: The Case For Activist Transformative-Narrative Mediation, Christopher Harper
Journal of Dispute Resolution
This article proposes an approach to mediation encompassing aspects of both of these takes on mediation, something one might loosely think of as "activist transformative-narrative mediation." Essentially, this approach assumes the aspirations and ideology of Professor Gunning's "activist" take on transformative mediation and achieves those aspirations using techniques from narrative mediation. By employing this approach, mediators can actively assist parties to identify and achieve reconciliation, peace, and justice.
Courts Have The Final Say: Does The Doctrine Of Manifest Disregard Promote Lawful Arbitral Awards Or Disguise Unlawful Judicial Review, Lindsay Biesterfeld
Courts Have The Final Say: Does The Doctrine Of Manifest Disregard Promote Lawful Arbitral Awards Or Disguise Unlawful Judicial Review, Lindsay Biesterfeld
Journal of Dispute Resolution
In exchange for a speedy, economical dispute resolution process, parties that submit to binding arbitration assume the risk that an arbitrator might misapply the law. United States Supreme Court precedent and federal law favor agreements to arbitrate by limiting judicial review of arbitral awards and requiring courts to "rigorously enforce arbitration agreements." These judicial constraints support the arbitral goals of efficiency and finality by reducing the risk that arbitral awards will be vacated on appeal. To balance the risk that arbitrators may abuse this standard of review, courts have supplemented restricted judicial review with a doctrine that allows an arbitral …
Closing The Door, But Opening A Window: The Supreme Court's Reaffirmation Of Applying The Federal Arbitration Act To The States, Caroline Kornelis
Closing The Door, But Opening A Window: The Supreme Court's Reaffirmation Of Applying The Federal Arbitration Act To The States, Caroline Kornelis
Journal of Dispute Resolution
The instant case reinforces two key Supreme Court cases regarding the enforcement of arbitration agreements, and the requirement that when parties disagree about the validity of a contract which contains an arbitration clause, the dispute should go directly to an arbitrator, and not be determined by a court. While this case adds no new law to the arbitration landscape per se, it does reaffirm the Supreme Court's, as well as Congress's, firm stance on promoting arbitration. At first glance, the opinion seems to be a cut and dry reaffirmation of principles that have been present in Unites States Supreme Court …
How Can A Mediator Be Both Impartial And Fair: Why Ethical Standards Of Conduct Create Chaos For Mediators, Susan Nauss Exon
How Can A Mediator Be Both Impartial And Fair: Why Ethical Standards Of Conduct Create Chaos For Mediators, Susan Nauss Exon
Journal of Dispute Resolution
This article focuses on newly developing Standards designed to regulate the mediation industry with respect to civil disputes. The particular focus is on the mediator's requirements of neutrality and impartiality and whether these requirements are impacted by assurances of a fair result and other fairness concepts such as a balanced process and informed decision making. The basic problem is that mediators are guided by Standards and stand-alone definitions of mediation, yet many Standards contain contradictory or vague provisions. Furthermore, the mediator's actual role may be dictated by her own personal style, values, and commercial needs in conjunction with the parties' …
Working With Len, James E. Westbrook
Working With Len, James E. Westbrook
Journal of Dispute Resolution
Len Riskin joined the MU faculty in 1984. Our faculty had voted in response to a recommendation of Dean Dale Whitman to begin a new emphasis on alternative dispute resolution. My recollection is that we had a group of very capable teachers with a traditional bent. On the other hand, they had an open mind about trying something new and they got along with each other very well. The kind of faculty we had and the leadership provided by Len, Dale Whitman and a few faculty members such as Tim Heinsz enabled us to do something that surprised a lot …
Faa Preemption By Choice-Of-Law Provisions: Enforceable Or Unenforceable, Ross Ball
Faa Preemption By Choice-Of-Law Provisions: Enforceable Or Unenforceable, Ross Ball
Journal of Dispute Resolution
Generally, choice-of-law provisions allow corporations that do business in several states or countries to draft their agreements and conduct their business in accordance with the law they choose. When the choice-of-law provision is contained in a contract that does not have an agreement to arbitrate, courts generally have no qualms about enforcing them. However, when the contract does contain an agreement to arbitrate, courts are reluctant to enforce the choice-of-law provision as to the arbitration agreement because the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) governs arbitration agreements. This issue has been the source of much confusion and litigation in the field of …
No Do-Overs For Parties Who Agree To Limit Review Of An Arbitrator's Decision, Patrick Gill
No Do-Overs For Parties Who Agree To Limit Review Of An Arbitrator's Decision, Patrick Gill
Journal of Dispute Resolution
Under the FAA, review of arbitration awards is limited to specific circumstances. However, in many instances, these default rules can be modified by contractual provisions including increasing or decreasing the level of review of arbitration awards. Although a broader scope of review is contrary to the main purposes of arbitration, courts have held that a contractual provision expanding judicial review is permissible. Furthermore, in some limited circumstances, courts have held that a contractual limitation on judicial review is permitted by the FAA where the restriction is clearly manifested in the contract and the process will not become unfair as a …
Transformed, Not Transcended: The Role Of Extrajudicial Dispute Resolution In Antebellum Kentucky And New Jersey, Carli N. Conklin
Transformed, Not Transcended: The Role Of Extrajudicial Dispute Resolution In Antebellum Kentucky And New Jersey, Carli N. Conklin
Faculty Publications
The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of that conclusion to two states not studied by Horwitz: Kentucky and New Jersey. The study of Kentucky, a state that was largely agricultural in the antebellum period, will provide a case study for the argument that the destruction of arbitration in antebellum America was mainly due to a merchant-lawyer alliance.
Modernizing Security In Rents: The New Uniform Assignment Of Rents Act, R. Wilson Freyermuth
Modernizing Security In Rents: The New Uniform Assignment Of Rents Act, R. Wilson Freyermuth
Faculty Publications
This article explains the provisions of the UARA and encourages its prompt adoption in states that presently lack comprehensive statutes governing security interests in rents.
Introduction To Vanishing Trial Symposium, John M. Lande
Introduction To Vanishing Trial Symposium, John M. Lande
Faculty Publications
This symposium shows that "vanishing trial" phenomena touch an extremely broad range of issues including transformations of society, courts, dispute resolution procedures, and even the nature of knowledge. These phenomena relate to decisions by litigants in particular cases, court systems, national policy, and international relations. This subject is too large and complex for any symposium to analyze fully, especially at this early stage of analysis. This symposium makes an important contribution to this study, with theories and evidence about the existence, nature, and extent of reductions in trials and similar proceedings. It elaborates a range of theories about possible causes …
Confidentiality In Arbitration: Beyond The Myth, Richard C. Reuben
Confidentiality In Arbitration: Beyond The Myth, Richard C. Reuben
Faculty Publications
Many people assume that arbitration is private and confidential. But is that assumption accurate? This article is the first to explore that question in the important context of whether arbitration communications can be discovered and admitted into evidence in other legal proceedings - a question that is just beginning to show up in the cases. It first surveys the federal and state statutory and case law, finding that arbitration communications in fact are generally discoverable and admissible. It then considers the normative desirability of discovering and admitting arbitration communications evidence, concluding that the free discovery and admissibility of arbitration communications …
What We Know And What We Should Know About American Trial Trends, Margo Schlanger
What We Know And What We Should Know About American Trial Trends, Margo Schlanger
Journal of Dispute Resolution
This brief essay first summarizes some of that knowledge-in particular, the chief features we know about the shrinking civil trial docket in federal district courts. Next, it proposes four areas of future investigation necessary to understand the contours of the trend and to assess its causes. Then, I bring together the causal hypotheses that have already been proposed, none of which has yet been securely tested. Finally, in an appended bibliography, I list data sources, reports, and scholarly analyses that will be useful to those doing future work.
When We Hold No Truths To Be Self-Evident: Truth, Belief, Trust, And The Decline In Trials, Lisa Blomgren Bingham
When We Hold No Truths To Be Self-Evident: Truth, Belief, Trust, And The Decline In Trials, Lisa Blomgren Bingham
Journal of Dispute Resolution
This article will explore the relationship between the "vanishing trial" and the changing ways in which we think about truth. First, it briefly overviews how we think about knowing what is true: epistemology and this history of philosophy. Second, it looks to the philosophy of science and history of social science for new theories and methods about how we ascertain and construct meaning and what we believe to be real and true. Third, it examines our changing relation to information in the face of the "information explosion": information is the evidence upon which we reach a conclusion about what is …
When Confidentiality Is Not Essential To Mediation And Competing Interests Necessitate Disclosure, Patrick Gill
When Confidentiality Is Not Essential To Mediation And Competing Interests Necessitate Disclosure, Patrick Gill
Journal of Dispute Resolution
Mediation is a process where a neutral intervener helps disputing parties develop a mutually beneficial resolution. Confidentiality is an established element of mediation. In general, confidentiality furthers the ability of the parties to seek mutually beneficial outcomes to disputes that would otherwise customarily produce a win/lose result. Confidentiality encourages parties to explore their underlying interests, without fear of the repercussions of revealing such information. Arguments are asserted that mediation will not succeed without the assurance that communications will be protected by a confidentiality privilege. The Uniform Mediation Act (UMA) has attempted to clarify the various confidentiality protections afforded by individual …
How Far Is Too Far: Reexamining The Continuing Extension Of Arbitral Immunity To Arbitral Organizations, Elizabeth Wilhelmi
How Far Is Too Far: Reexamining The Continuing Extension Of Arbitral Immunity To Arbitral Organizations, Elizabeth Wilhelmi
Journal of Dispute Resolution
The protection of arbitration proceedings from judicial inquiry is restricted not only by the limited grounds for vacatur, but also by the application of arbitral immunity, a protection derived from the judicial immunity applied to judges. This immunity strengthens the finality of arbitration by restricting judicial review of decisions protected by arbitral immunity, but at the same time, it raises the question of whether courts should give arbitration the same broad immunity that protects judges. Despite the differences between arbitration and the judicial system, the courts have applied arbitral immunity to the arbitrator's acts in the same way as they …
Enforcement Of Arbitral Awards Against Foreign States Or State Agencies, S. I. Strong
Enforcement Of Arbitral Awards Against Foreign States Or State Agencies, S. I. Strong
Faculty Publications
Britain's Lord Denning once said that “as a moth is drawn to the light, so is a litigant drawn to the United States.” Certainly, as a pro-arbitration state and a signatory to various international conventions concerning the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, the United States seems a natural place to bring an action to enforce an arbitral award against a foreign state or state agency. However, suing a sovereign has not traditionally been a simple task in the United States or elsewhere. Most nations grant foreign states the presumption of immunity, thus denying that their domestic courts have jurisdiction to …
Untangling The Privacy Paradox In Arbitration, Amy J. Schmitz
Untangling The Privacy Paradox In Arbitration, Amy J. Schmitz
Faculty Publications
Arbitration is private but not secret. This truism regarding arbitration seems contradictory and nonsensical. However, common understandings of privacy in arbitration often lull individuals into assuming personal information revealed in arbitration may not become public. They assume privacy and confidentiality are synonymous. The reality is that arbitration is private but not necessarily confidential, or secret. This is the privacy paradox: it defies common conceptions of arbitration's secrecy, but is nonetheless true. This paradox is problematic because it leads to shortsighted contracting and simplistic assumptions about arbitral justice. Moreover, it may foster injustice when repeat players unduly benefit from unpublished awards …
The Democratic Legitimacy Of Government-Related Dispute Resolution, Richard C. Reuben
The Democratic Legitimacy Of Government-Related Dispute Resolution, Richard C. Reuben
Faculty Publications
The elective branches get most of the attention when we think about democracy. But it's important to remember that one of the things that a democratic government provides is a number of structures by which disputes may be resolved peacefully. Indeed, voting itself is one way of resolving conflict at a societal level. In the United States, courts historically have been the starting point for the resolution of individual, and sometimes social, disputes. Courts would seem to exude a great deal of democratic legitimacy, but why, and under what conditions? And what about other methods of dispute resolution: How do …
Introduction To Vanishing Trial Symposium, John Lande
Introduction To Vanishing Trial Symposium, John Lande
Journal of Dispute Resolution
This symposium in the Journal of Dispute Resolution takes the next step. It includes some analysis of trial court phenomena in the U.S. and expands the focus with greater emphasis on (1) investigation of trial trends outside U.S. courts, (2) explanations of the causes of changing trial patterns, (3) speculations about possible effects of changing litigation patterns, and (4) recommendations to improve the operation of the legal system.