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Full-Text Articles in Law
Trade Friction With Japan And The American Policy Response, Thomas J. Schoenbaum
Trade Friction With Japan And The American Policy Response, Thomas J. Schoenbaum
Michigan Law Review
In Toyko recently I called upon an official of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) to discuss trade frictions between the United States and Japan. On the way to my appointment I passed by Hibiya Park in the center of the city. About 10,000 people were gathered in a peaceful demonstration against any lifting of Japan's quotas on imports of agricultural products. Inside the MIT! building I asked the official whether the quotas on beef and oranges would be abolished soon. He told me they would eventually be liberalized or abolished to please the United States, but that …
Industrial Policy: Diverting Resources From The Winners, Edwin L. Harper, Lehmann K. Li Jr.
Industrial Policy: Diverting Resources From The Winners, Edwin L. Harper, Lehmann K. Li Jr.
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article argues that the various forms of industrial policy currently being proposed are inappropriate for the United States (U.S.). They would fail not only on economic grounds, but on political grounds as well. The article outlines the appropriate role for government in the economy.
The Political Economy Of Orbit Spectrum Leasing, Harvey Levin
The Political Economy Of Orbit Spectrum Leasing, Harvey Levin
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article will propose several plans for allocating a common resource of the earth-the international orbit spectrum--among nations through mechanisms designed to introduce market incentives. The rights to orbital "parking places" are so defined as to permit their subdivision, recombination, and assignment in lease markets. The lease market approach accommodates the interests of both developed countries (DCs), who have the technology and domestic demand to establish satellite systems today, and less-developed countries (LDCs), who seek long-range planning to guarantee them access to the orbit spectrum at a time in the future when they, too, possess the capability and need. In …
Whither The Future Of Japanese Industrial Development Policies?, Merit E. Janow
Whither The Future Of Japanese Industrial Development Policies?, Merit E. Janow
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article describes past and present Japanese industrial policies. After discussing the evolution of Japanese industrial policies generally, it addresses the specific instruments of those policies including those intended to assist declining industries as well as those intended to promote the development of new industries. Finally, this article suggests that government guidance of Japan's industrial sector has decreased and is likely to decrease further still in the future.
Technology Diffusion And The Performance Of American Manufacturing: A Propsal For An Industrial Extension Service, Frank Ostroff
Technology Diffusion And The Performance Of American Manufacturing: A Propsal For An Industrial Extension Service, Frank Ostroff
Michigan Journal of International Law
The purpose of this article is to propose an Industrial Extension Service modeled upon the Agricultural Extension Service, and suggest how it might effectively address certain fundamental problems hindering the performance of the American manufacturing sector. Part I highlights some probable causes of American manufacturing's declining relative performance. Part II discusses why firms may adopt new technology more slowly than would be optimal. Part III considers the model of the Agricultural Extension Service, pointing out those features that make it attractive and those features that would have to be changed in applying it to the industrial sector. Part III also …
An Alternative To High Tech, Donald E. Dekieffer
An Alternative To High Tech, Donald E. Dekieffer
Michigan Journal of International Law
In recent years American industry's ability to compete in the international marketplace has appeared to decline. With a decreased world market share and a balance of payments deficit many policymakers have concluded that traditional industry is dying and that it is time to reassess American economic strength in new and more advanced industries, that is, "high-tech" industries. The "failure" of domestic "smokestack" industries producing automobiles, steel, and textiles allegedly supports this view. However, the problems of these industries are attributable to the current structure and climate of international and domestic trade. To offer any realistic solutions, the following issues must …
The Experience Of The Automotive Industry In Industrial Policies Of Selected Governments, Thomas R. Atkinson, Susan G. Ezrati, James J. Flynn
The Experience Of The Automotive Industry In Industrial Policies Of Selected Governments, Thomas R. Atkinson, Susan G. Ezrati, James J. Flynn
Michigan Journal of International Law
We shall not define precisely industrial policy other than to note that the cases we intend to examine involve some form of general, integrated, economic policy that, among other things, includes industry-specific measures that have had direct or indirect consequences for other countries through trade or investment links. Many other characteristics, including program integration; abridgment of private business governance, perhaps involving varying degrees of compulsion or subsidy; non-market incentives; and subordination of the market mechanism, may or may not be present in the industrial policies discussed. Very often specific protection of favored industries is a major instrument of industrial policy; …
Industrial Policy And The Rights Of Labor: The Case Of Foreign Workers In The French Automobile Assemble Industry, Mark J. Miller
Industrial Policy And The Rights Of Labor: The Case Of Foreign Workers In The French Automobile Assemble Industry, Mark J. Miller
Michigan Journal of International Law
The foreign labor which made possible Western Europe's postwar economic growth has become a permanent, if belatedly recognized, component of the region's labor markets. Technological change and new industrial policies stressing efficiency, skilled labor, and rationalization threaten foreign workers, raising complex and important issues of law and social policy in the debate over labor's role in industrial policy. These changes already have resulted in grave problems which make agreement and clarification of the rights of foreign workers in national and international law a matter of considerable urgency.
The Role Of The Federal Government In Worker Adjustment Assistance, Linda Elliott
The Role Of The Federal Government In Worker Adjustment Assistance, Linda Elliott
Michigan Journal of International Law
Part I of this note examines worker adjustment assistance in the United States. It traces TAA's evolution from its inception as a means of compensating trade-displaced workers while minimizing government intervention in the market adjustment process, through its amendment to reflect congressional concern over the low number of worker certifications, to the criticism of its procedures arising out of more recent congressional interest in government-sponsored retraining as a means of attaining worker adjustment. After arguing that current certification and distribution procedures continue to reflect the original goal of the program- compensation with minimal intervention in the market- the note examines …
The U.S. Commitment To The Gatt System: A Reappraisal Of Basic Assumptions, Thomas R. Howell, R. Michael Gadbaw
The U.S. Commitment To The Gatt System: A Reappraisal Of Basic Assumptions, Thomas R. Howell, R. Michael Gadbaw
Michigan Journal of International Law
The GATT system was established by a fairly homogeneous group of 24 countries in the late 1940s. With the exception of the U.S., the signatory nations were, for the most part, European or British Commonwealth countries with market economies. These governments shared a rough consensus on the fundamental goals of an international trading system. They intended to avoid the economic warfare that had characterized international trade in the late 1930s. Trading relationships were to be governed by a mutual commitment to commonly understood notions of fairness and equity. This meant allowing producing enterprises to compete, according to a set of …