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Full-Text Articles in Law

Soft And Hard Strategies: The Role Of Business In The Crafting Of International Commercial Law, Susan Block-Lieb Jan 2019

Soft And Hard Strategies: The Role Of Business In The Crafting Of International Commercial Law, Susan Block-Lieb

Michigan Journal of International Law

What motivates the choice between hard and soft law in the drafting of international commercial law, and what role does business play in the preference between the two? Broad disagreement exists in international law (IL) commentary as to motivations for reliance on soft international law. Traditionally, this commentary cast a wide gaze across both international public and private law, but debate about the use of hard or soft law is sharpened by focusing exclusively on international commercial lawmaking. Traditionally, IL commentary considered only on states' interests in crafting international law and ignored business interests. But recent scholarship has begun to …


Reflections On Comity In The Law Of American Federalism, Gil Seinfeld Apr 2015

Reflections On Comity In The Law Of American Federalism, Gil Seinfeld

Articles

Comity is a nebulous concept familiar to us from the law of international relations. Roughly speaking, it describes a set of reciprocal norms among nations that call for one state to recognize, and sometimes defer to, the laws, judgments, or interests of another. Comity also features prominently in the law of American federalism, but in that context, it operates within limits that have received almost no attention from scholarly commentators. Specifically, although courts routinely describe duties that run from one state to another, or from the federal government to the states, as exercises in comity, they almost never rely on …


Persuading To Comply: On The Deployment And Avoidance Of Legal Argumentation, Steven Ratner Jan 2012

Persuading To Comply: On The Deployment And Avoidance Of Legal Argumentation, Steven Ratner

Book Chapters

For those international actors seeking to promote respect for international law, persuasion -- the process of social interaction whereby one actor seeks to convince another to believe or do something through principled rational arguments and interactions, without any overt coercion -- is at the core of the enterprise. Yet the scholarship in international law and international relations is woefully thin on the content of such a communication of persuasion, and, in particular, on the role of legal argumentation. This paper constructs a theoretical model for determining when and how international actors deploy legal argumentation in contrast to other arguments that …


Questioning The Peremptory Status Of The Prohibition Of The Use Of Force, James A. Green Feb 2011

Questioning The Peremptory Status Of The Prohibition Of The Use Of Force, James A. Green

Michigan Journal of International Law

It is incontrovertible that the prohibition of the unilateral use of force is a fundamental aspect of the United Nations (U.N.) era system for governing the relations between states. Given this fact, the prohibition, as set out most crucially in Article 2(4) of the U.N. Charter, is often seen as the archetypal example of a jus cogens norm (a "peremptory norm" of general international law). Certainly, an overwhelming majority of scholars view the prohibition as having a peremptory character. Similarly, the International Law Commission (ILC) has taken this view and it is arguable that the International Court of Justice (ICJ) …


Is International Bankruptcy Possible?, Frederick Tung Jan 2001

Is International Bankruptcy Possible?, Frederick Tung

Michigan Journal of International Law

Although international business firms proliferate, there is no international bankruptcy system. Instead, bankruptcy law remains a matter for individual states. The failure of a multinational firm therefore raises difficult questions of conflict and cooperation among national bankruptcy laws. In the discourse over the appropriate design for an international bankruptcy system, universalism has long held sway as the dominant idea, embraced nearly universally by bankruptcy scholars. Universalism offers a simple and elegant blueprint for international bankruptcy. Under universalism, the bankruptcy regime of the debtor firm's home country would govern worldwide, enjoying global reach to treat all of the debtor's assets and …


The Value Vacuum: Self-Enforcing Regimes And The Dilution Of The Normative Feedback Loop, Claire R. Kelly Jan 2001

The Value Vacuum: Self-Enforcing Regimes And The Dilution Of The Normative Feedback Loop, Claire R. Kelly

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article proposes a modified constructivist theory, which links liberalism and constructivism through the normative feedback loop. Part I briefly explains traditional international relations theories such as realism, institutionalism, liberalism and constructivism. A modified constructivist perspective espouses the presence of two constants: (i) assertion of national preferences by constituents for whom the state acts as an agent in international relations, and (ii) social construction of state identities through interaction with other states in the international arena.


Caught Between Traditions: The Security Council In Philosophical Conundrum, David P. Fidler Jan 1996

Caught Between Traditions: The Security Council In Philosophical Conundrum, David P. Fidler

Michigan Journal of International Law

In Part I of this article, I provide a discussion about the use of traditions of thought in international relations. Part II begins by briefly examining the fundamental purpose of the Security Council – the maintenance of international peace, and security. I then analyze the philosophical origins of the idea of maintaining international peace and security through an international organization to demonstrate how liberal thought on international relations came to incorporate this idea. In this analysis, I will demonstrate that liberal thought on the appropriateness of relying on international organizations to maintain peace and security is not unified and that …


The Emptiness Of The Concept Of Jus Cogens, As Illustrated By The War In Bosnia-Herzegovina, A. Mark Weisburd Jan 1995

The Emptiness Of The Concept Of Jus Cogens, As Illustrated By The War In Bosnia-Herzegovina, A. Mark Weisburd

Michigan Journal of International Law

The aim of this article is neither to condemn departures from jus cogens nor to engage in verbal gymnastics designed to obfuscate the fact that the international community is treating or will treat "peremptory norms" as moralisms irrelevant in practical terms. Rather, this article seeks to show that the problem lies in the concept of jus cogens itself. More specifically, the article intends to make the case that the concept is intellectually indefensible - at best useless and at worst harmful in the practical conduct of international relations.


Explorations At The Edge Of Time: The Prospects For World Order, Catherine Tinker Jan 1993

Explorations At The Edge Of Time: The Prospects For World Order, Catherine Tinker

Michigan Journal of International Law

Review of the book by Richard A. Falk.


Gendered States: Feminist (Re)Visions Of International Relations Theory, Hilary Charlesworth Jan 1993

Gendered States: Feminist (Re)Visions Of International Relations Theory, Hilary Charlesworth

Michigan Journal of International Law

Review of the book edited by V. Spike Peterson.


The United States, The United Nations, And Micronesia: Questions Of Procedure, Substance, And Faith, Harry G. Prince Jan 1989

The United States, The United Nations, And Micronesia: Questions Of Procedure, Substance, And Faith, Harry G. Prince

Michigan Journal of International Law

This study first considers the procedural requirements for proper termination and concludes that Security Council approval is required. Second, this writing identifies the major issues that should be considered if the proposed termination of the Trusteeship Agreement for Micronesia is subjected to Security Council review. Two basic concerns should be the propriety of the division of the Trust Territory into four separate entities and the legitimacy of the agreements between the new governments and the United States for continuing relations as either commonwealth or freely associated states. The history of and practice under the trusteeship system indicate that the particular …


World Politics And International Law, John M. West Apr 1986

World Politics And International Law, John M. West

Michigan Law Review

A Review of World Politics and International Law by Francis Anthony Boyle


The Political Offense Exception As Applied In French Cases Dealing With The Extradition Of Terrorists, Thomas E. Carbonneau Jan 1983

The Political Offense Exception As Applied In French Cases Dealing With The Extradition Of Terrorists, Thomas E. Carbonneau

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article does not attempt to deal with all of the multifarious aspects of contemporary terrorism; its ambition is much more modest in scope, centering upon traditional legal mechanisms and doctrines that can be adapted to deal with terrorism. Using the decisional law of France as an illustrative model, this article analyzes the transnational and political character of terrorist acts and seeks to establish the implications of those characteristics for litigation dealing with the extradition of terrorist offenders. Several assumptions underlie the analysis. First, the effort to repress international crime is seen as a laudable objective of the international legal …


The Quantum Of Evidence Required To Extradite From The United States, Robert J. Rosoff Jan 1983

The Quantum Of Evidence Required To Extradite From The United States, Robert J. Rosoff

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article argues that it is appropriate to require that requesting countries meet the uniform federal bindover standard to obtain extradition from the United States, rather than a more stringent state standard. The federal bindover standard of probable cause accomplishes the purpose of United States extradition procedure better than any other evidentiary standard. It affords an alleged fugitive more protection from unjustified extradition than is available in most countries. Furthermore, the reasons advanced by advocates of a more stringent bindover standard in the domestic criminal setting do not apply to extradition hearings.


Procedural Unvertainty Attending The Assertion Of The Political Offense Exception In Extradition Hearings, Charles R. Meyer Iii Jan 1983

Procedural Unvertainty Attending The Assertion Of The Political Offense Exception In Extradition Hearings, Charles R. Meyer Iii

Michigan Journal of International Law

The American approach to the political offense exception to extradition is under increasing attack. Unfavorable commentary, sparked in part by the recent decision In re McMullen, has noted the confusion present in the operation of the exception. This article will trace some of the difficulties to the uncertain procedural burdens of raising and proving the exception in the judicial hearing. The current practice should be reformed to ameliorate the confusion. To this end, the United States Congress or Supreme Court must intervene to unify the procedural approaches taken by U.S. magistrates with respect to raising and proving the political …


Protecting The Rights Of The Requested Person In Extradition Proceedings: An Argument For A Humanitarian Exception, Leslie Anderson Jan 1983

Protecting The Rights Of The Requested Person In Extradition Proceedings: An Argument For A Humanitarian Exception, Leslie Anderson

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article will first define the types of post-extradition treatment which requested persons have raised as requiring judicial attention. It will next survey judicial responses to these claims and then consider the scope of executive review. The article concludes that the courts have exaggerated the range of executive discretion to deny extradition. As extradition currently operates in the United States, there is the serious possibility that a bona fide claim of unfair treatment would not receive adequate consideration by either the judicial or executive branch.


Extradition From Israel, M. Dennis Gouldman Jan 1983

Extradition From Israel, M. Dennis Gouldman

Michigan Journal of International Law

Following an introduction, the main part of the article will review the law of extradition from Israel-a subject about which little is known outside this country. The discussion will focus on the decisions and practices of both the judiciary and the executive. The remainder of the article will consider special problems that have arisen in Israel as a country with an "open gate" immigration policy for the Jews of the world and a new unwillingness to hand over its own nationals for trial and sentence abroad.


Political Theory And International Relations, Michigan Law Review Mar 1980

Political Theory And International Relations, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

A Book Notice about Political Theory and International Relations by Charles R. Beitz


Moskowitz: Human Rights And World Order. The Struggle For Human Rights In The United Nations, Egon Schwelb Mar 1959

Moskowitz: Human Rights And World Order. The Struggle For Human Rights In The United Nations, Egon Schwelb

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Human Rights and World Order. The Struggle for Human Rights in the United Nations. By Moses Moskowitz.


Halle: Civilization And Foreign Policy, James W. Beatty S.Ed. May 1955

Halle: Civilization And Foreign Policy, James W. Beatty S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Civilization and Foreign Policy . By Louis J. Halle.


Executive Legislative And Judical Recognition Of International Law In The United States, Charles G. Fenwick Feb 1913

Executive Legislative And Judical Recognition Of International Law In The United States, Charles G. Fenwick

Michigan Law Review

The indefiniteness which attends both the concept and the con- tent of what is known as international law will sufficiently explain why it is difficult to -determine the exact relation which that body of law which regulates the conduct of states bears to the domestic law of each individual state. First of all, jurists are not agreed as to whether international law deserves to be called law in any real sense. The followers of the school of AUSTIN who, restrict law to the category of commands imposed by a political superior upon a political inferior, naturally refuse to recognize the …