Law Commons^™

The Stare Decisis "Exception" To The Chevron Deference Rule, Rebecca White

Scholarly Works

In this article, the author discusses how Chevron intersects with one important competing norm - stare decisis. Stare decisis counsels the Court to adhere to its own decisions, particularly statutory ones, absent substantial justification for departure. To what extent should stare decisis apply when an agency's interpretation of a statute, otherwise deserving of deference under Chevron, conflicts with a prior interpretation of the statute by the Supreme Court?

This article suggests the following answer: If the Court's prior opinion upheld the agency's interpretation as one reasonable reading of the statute, but not the only one possible, and the agency thereafter …

Foreign Duty: Export Control Goes Private, Anne Proffitt Dupre

Scholarly Works

If you're an exporter, it pays to be a know-it-all these days.

Does there appear to be even a slight potential that the item you're shipping could play any part at all in modern weaponry? then you need to know exactly how that item will or may be used. You also may need to know who will ultimately use it, and where.

If you're a lawyer advising either that exporter or a supporting financial institution, you, too, now need an extra measure of vigilance. For one thing, it helps to know how to write loan documents with the necessary safeguards …

Priorities In Accounts: The Crazy Quilt Of Current Law And A Proposal For Reform, Dan T. Coenen

Scholarly Works

Moe Promisee has a right under a contract to receive monetary payments from Mae Promisor. Moe assigns his right first to Faye and then to Clay. Whom must Mae pay, Faye or Clay? For more than a century, judges have struggled with successive assignments to different persons of the same contract right. These cases which typically involve rights to monetary payments called "accounts" have generated subtleties of doctrine and disagreements among courts. Today, as a general rule, the Uniform Commercial Code controls these cases. Ambiguities, however, lurk in the code. Cryptic common-law doctrines also continue to govern many successive-assignment problems. …

The Georgia Jury And Negligence: The View From The (Federal) Bench, R. Perry Sentell Jr.

Scholarly Works

This is the second part of a two-part inquiry into the quality of jury performance in Georgia negligence cases. Evaluation begins from within. That is an especially prominent truth in respect to the trial of negligence cases. The lay-professional partnership composing the civil trial system is unique. the professional's continuity provides a point of perfect perspective on the transient lay component--both its capacity and its performance. If the professional will share that perspective, it can structure a benchmark for foundational appraisal. To their great credit, the state and federal trial judges of Georgia are unstinting in assisting to construct that …

State Taxation Of Nonresidents' Pension Income, Walter Hellerstein

Scholarly Works

This article examines the issues raised by the efforts of some states to tax the pension income of their former residents and of the proposed congressional legislation to forbid such taxation. While there may be sound policy reasons for forbidding state taxation of nonresident pension income, they have yet to emerge clearly from the rhetoric that has thus far dominated the debate over the pension tax issue. The goal of the article is to examine the questions raised by the controversy over state taxation of nonresident pensions in the hope that dispassionate analysis of the problem may contribute to a …

The Scottish Enlightenment, The Democratic Intellect And The Work Of Madame Justice Wilson, Alan Watson

Scholarly Works

To talk of Madame Justice Wilson in the context of her Scottish background, the Scottish Enlightenment and the Democratic Intellect is one of the most exciting yet daunting tasks I have undertaken. A huge problem, which I will mention first but not discuss, has been to get to grips with her towering intellect. As will become clear, this problem was much diminished by Madame Justice Wilson herself: she writes with a simplicity, grace, rationality and humanity that may even lead one to underestimate the complexity of her thought.

Advocate, Spring 1992, Vol. 27, No. 2, Office Of Communications And Public Relations

News @ UGA School of Law

INSIDE

• 1992 Sibley Lecture
• International Trade Conference
• Professionalism & Ethics Conference
• 1992 Edith House Lecture
• Wilner Named Associate Dean
• Moot Court Victories
• Order of the Coif Induct New Members
• LL.M. Alumni Meet in Paris
• Red Clay Conference
• Client Counseling Competition
• At the Law School
• Calendar of Events
• Copyright Law Book Published
• Class Notes

Are Local Governments Liable Under Rule 10b-5? Textualism And Its Limits, Margaret V. Sachs

Scholarly Works

Whether state and local governments can be sued for damages is a question that cuts across subject-area boundaries. This question, which has long confounded courts in the areas of both antitrust and civil rightslaw, now has arisen in a new area: section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and rule 10b-5. The thesis of this Article is that a local government is an inappropriate rule 10b-5 defendant, regardless of whether it is the issuer of the securities in question or an alleged participant in a scheme involving corporate securities. The only appropriate rule 10b-5 defendants are private actors.

Scientific Policymaking And The Torts Revolution: The Revenge Of The Ordinary Observer, Michael Wells

Scholarly Works

My argument will make heavy use of a distinction, introduced by Professor Bruce Ackerman, between two styles of reasoning in addressing legal issues. One is the perspective of the "Ordinary Observer," who begins his analysis by looking at the common practices of laymen and makes legal rules based on the expectation of a well-socialized member of society, without regard to whether the resulting body of law fits into any coherent pattern. Ackerman contrasts this method with that of the "Scientific Policymaker," who begins from the premise that the law should serve some goal or small group of goals and who …

Experts As Hearsay Conduits: Confrontation Abuses In Opinion Testimony, Ronald L. Carlson

Scholarly Works

The dispute over whether litigants may use experts to run unexamined hearsay into the trial record is a microcosm of a larger debate. The larger question is whether judicial review of expert testimony should be passive, or whether the expert witness process should be marked by active judicial policing. Does the plethora of expert opinions presently being offered in modern trials merit special scrutiny by the courts?

Some scholars urge that courts must accommodate experts. Proponents of this view favor few challenges to the unrestricted rendition of opinions by an expert, whether the expert is real or self-proclaimed. Under this …

Strategic Plan For The School Of Law, 1992, C. Ronald Ellington

Strategic Plan Documents

This 53-page spiral bound booklet includes a detailed strategic plan for the University of Georgia School of Law. It was intended to serve as a 10 year guide for the institution, and specifies that it is an update to the 1989 strategic plan in the document introductory section "The State of the Law School". Although portions of the planning booklet are works of the collective departments at the School of Law, the plan bears the Dean of the Law School's name as author, C. Ronald Ellington.

Emerging Conflicts Over Intellectual Property In Recent Gatt Negotiations, Sonia Baldia

LLM Theses and Essays

This thesis describes the "intellectual property problem" and how it came to be a focus of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. It addresses the concerns of the developed and the developing world regarding a reform in their intellectual protection regimes. One of the results of this thesis is that reforms that do not stem from developing countries' perceptions of their own interests and needs, and that are not articulated in keeping with broader economic and technological policies, are unlikely to result in stable and predictable rules or to be properly enforced.

Policy And Legal Aspects Of Technology Transfer From The United States To China, Yongman Zhang

LLM Theses and Essays

One of the major international transactions today is the transfer of technology between nations. Because the U.S. and China are on opposite ends of the technology spectrum, one an advanced technological nation and the other technologically backward, they make excellent trading partners of technology. China’s history of self-reliance and its modern Open Door policy to realize its Four Modernizations are reviewed. This policy of openness is the key to the modernization of China’s economy through the importing of foreign technology. Likewise, the evolution of U.S. policy toward trade with China is analyzed. The U.S. has moved from a policy of …

A Review Of Taiwan’S Fair Trade Law Draft By Referring To The U.S. Antitrust Laws, Min-Huang Su

LLM Theses and Essays

Due to the rapid industrialization and commercialization of Taiwan’s economy, many of Taiwan’s old laws regulating economic activity have been rendered obsolete. The lack of proper regulation of modern economic activities has led to the formation of many monopolies and oligopolies in Taiwan which practice price-fixing and output restrictions. The Taiwanese government has responded to this problem with a new antitrust statute, known as the Fair Trade Law (FTL), and a draft FTL was formally adopted in 1986. The strengths and weaknesses of the draft FTL are analyzed with regards to monopolies and oligopolies, mergers and combinations, and concerted actions. …

Approach To Horizontal Restraint: Reliance On Exemption From Antimonopoly Act In Japan As Contrasted With Antitrust Laws In The United States, Yutaka Sumii

LLM Theses and Essays

American politicians and businessmen have criticized the Antimonopoly Act, Japanese antitrust legislation, for allowing horizontal restraints on trade known as cartels. This paper compares and contrasts U.S. antitrust laws with regards to horizontal restrains on trade from that of Japan. A highlighted difference between U.S. and Japanese antitrust legislation is the use of exemptions. The Antimonopoly Act provides for more exemptions immunizing a cartel, such as exceptions for cartels formed during a depression or when the defendants have little market power, than does similar legislation in the U.S. To illustrate how the exemption for cartels in a depressed industry applies …

Reinsurance: Bad Faith Considerations And Insolvency Dilemma, Hui-Ju Hsieh

LLM Theses and Essays

Reinsurance is insurance that an insurance company purchases from another insurance company. The original insurance company is called the reinsured, and the insurance company that is contracted is called the reinsurer. The main purpose of reinsurance is to disperse or spread the risk of loss. The reinsurance relationship is frequently characterized as an exercise of fiduciary responsibility based upon an undertaking of utmost good faith between contracting parties. However, disputes arise; most litigation involving reinsurance has been between reinsurers and persons not party to the reinsurance agreement. This paper’s first major area of discussion is the relationship between the reinsurer …

Incentives For Action: Market-Based Environmental Strategies, Sheikh Sarmad Hafeez

LLM Theses and Essays

Societies have dealt with problems of environmental degradation for centuries, revealing a consistent concern among law makers regarding rates of natural resource consumption. More recently, the United States and other nations have begun to face increasingly perilous environment challenges such as global climate change, indoor pollution, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, urban smog and the degradation of public lands.

The present work explores the environmental problems that, for centuries have plagued our planet, and that continue to threaten it, as well as different approaches to curtail these problems. The present work concludes by showing the most promising of these approaches …

Model Technology Diversion Safeguard Law, Georgi Angelov

LLM Theses and Essays

This thesis delves into the liberation of export control that resulted from the Committee for Multilateral Export Controls and its being contingent on the adoption of safeguard mechanisms. The objective of the study is to create a model technology diversion safeguard law designed specifically for Bulgaria but adaptable for other interested countries. There is an added emphasis on communication issues, stated as “critical for the successful implementation of a safeguard regime.”

Negotiation Of International Agreements: Legal And Practical Problems In The Third World Countries, Kuwayaway Stephen Stephen

LLM Theses and Essays

The purpose of this study was to investigate problems in negotiation of international agreements in Third World countries, to shed light on the salient features in negotiation agreements between developed and developing countries, and to propose measures to assess the situation. This study provides detailed description and techniques used in negotiating these agreements in international negotiations. The study reveals that when negotiating within unequal bargaining power, the weak party stands to lose because it enters the agreement without free will; consequently, the agreement becomes unenforceable. Three factors have been identified as being obstacles to freedom of contract, ie. The unequal …

Negotiation Of International Agreements: Legal And Practical Problems In The Third World Countries, Kuwayaway Stephen Kuwayaway

LLM Theses and Essays

The purpose of this study was to investigate problems in negotiation of international agreements in Third World countries, to shed light on the salient features in negotiation agreements between developed and developing countries, and to propose measures to assess the situation. This study provides detailed description and techniques used in negotiating these agreements in international negotiations. The study reveals that when negotiating within unequal bargaining power, the weak party stands to lose because it enters the agreement without free will; consequently, the agreement becomes unenforceable. Three factors have been identified as being obstacles to freedom of contract, ie. The unequal …

Filling Gaps In The Close Corporation Contract: A Transaction Cost Analysis, Charles R.T. O'Kelley

Scholarly Works

This Article develops a more refined transaction-cost based theory which explains: why rational investors in jointly owned, closely held firms initially choose corporate form; why they leave the contractual gaps that they do; and how efficiency-minded judges should respond to postharmony disputes made possible by the form chosen and the gaps left. My theory takes into account not only the possibility that investors should have chosen partnership law, but also the advantages and disadvantages of organizing production as an implicit team, via long-term contracts between separate businesses or as a sole proprietorship. In explicating this theory of form choice, the …

The Statutory And Constitutional Limits Of Using Protected Speech As Evidence Of Unlawful Motive Under The National Labor Relations Act, Rebecca White

Scholarly Works

A difficulty inherent in cases under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), as in other areas of employment law, is in determining why the employer acted. Perhaps an even harder question, and one too frequently overlooked, is what form of evidence the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB or Board) and any reviewing court properly may consider in determining motive. More specifically, can the Board take into account an employer's vigorous opposition to the union in deciding whether or not a particular action was motivated by antiunion animus? Although common sense suggests yes, several courts of appeals have said no, relying …

The Deregulated Airline Industry: Legal Challenges For The Nineties, Vijayesh D. Roy

LLM Theses and Essays

The United States is one of the few nations where private airline ownership and more than one carrier are permitted, but traditionally the airline industry was heavily regulated by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) with direct regulation of routes, rates, entry, and exit. However with the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 and the International Air Transportation Competition Act of 1979, Congress removed many restrictions on the airline industry and allowed airlines to make their own economic decisions and operate as traditional commercial enterprises. Although deregulation has produced many benefits like improved efficiency, reduced costs, and a wider range of services, …