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Cold War Legacy And Continuing Temptation: Tactical Nuclear Weapons In International Humanitarian Law, Stefan Kirchner
Cold War Legacy And Continuing Temptation: Tactical Nuclear Weapons In International Humanitarian Law, Stefan Kirchner
Stefan Kirchner
During the Cold War as well as in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, low yield tactical nuclear weapons have been deployed or, in the latter case, at least envisaged (again). Of particular interest in the early years of the 21st century have been so called bunker busters, nuclear weapons which can penetrate the ground and which can be used to destroy underground facilities, such as Iranian nuclear facilities. In this article, the role of tactical nuclear weapons during the Cold War and today is explained and the legality of the use of tactical nuclear weapons, in particular …
The Interwoven Destinies Of The United States, Colombia And Panama: On Friendship, Commerce And Navigation Treaties And International Legal Imperialism, Marco Velásquez-Ruiz
The Interwoven Destinies Of The United States, Colombia And Panama: On Friendship, Commerce And Navigation Treaties And International Legal Imperialism, Marco Velásquez-Ruiz
Marco A. Velásquez-Ruiz
Based on the general contention that International Law can (and has) served imperialist purposes – that is to say, extend a nation’s authority over another by establishing an effective influence on its political and economic affairs –, this paper intends to illustrate how the 1846 Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Treaty concluded between the United States and Colombia – commonly known as the Mallarino-Bidlack Treaty –was eventually used by the former as a neocolonial device on the latter. Essentially, the suggested tale on which this paper is built goes as follows: to a great extent, the United States consolidated its global …
Equity Crowdfunding: All Regulated But Not Equal, Garry A. Gabison
Equity Crowdfunding: All Regulated But Not Equal, Garry A. Gabison
Garry A. Gabison
This paper describes how different countries have approached equity crowdfunding. This paper focuses on countries or regulatory authorities that either expressed their awareness of the phenomenon but decided to adopt a holding pattern (monitoring and investigating) or that decided to adopt new laws and regulations. Countries like Australia have opted to reaffirm how their current set of regulations applies to crowdfunding whereas others like the United States, Italy, the United Kingdom, and France have elected to create new exemptions in an effort to facilitate equity crowdfunding. This paper compares how each country decided to regulate the different participants in the …