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Articles 1 - 30 of 43
Full-Text Articles in Law
Exploring The Boundaries Of Municipal Bankruptcy, Christopher J. Tyson
Exploring The Boundaries Of Municipal Bankruptcy, Christopher J. Tyson
Christopher J. Tyson
Municipal fiscal insolvency has become the central challenge facing American cities. Municipal fiscal insolvency is the result of many factors, including risk taking, fiscal mismanagement, corruption, and the absence of political will to make hard choices. There are also structural factors at play-specifically, local government organization and the fiscal constraints states place on their subdivisions play a significant role in the ability of municipalities to achieve sustainability and growth. These factors are rarely included in the discussion on municipal fiscal insolvency, and understandably so. It is hard to determine the role that local government organization plays in undermining the fiscal …
Insuring Takings Claims, Christopher Serkin
Insuring Takings Claims, Christopher Serkin
Christopher Serkin
Local governments typically insure themselves against all kinds of losses, from property damage to legal liability. For small- and medium-sized governments, this usually means purchasing insurance from private insurers or participating in municipal risk pools. Insurance for regulatory takings claims, however, is generally unavailable. This previously unnoticed gap in municipal insurance coverage could lead risk averse local governments to underregulate and underenforce existing regulations where property owners threaten to bring takings claims. This seemingly technical observation turns out to have profound implications for theoretical accounts of the Takings Clause that focus on government regulatory incentives. This Article explores the impact …
Improving Amendment, Jonathan L. Marshfield
Improving Amendment, Jonathan L. Marshfield
Jonathan Marshfield
Land Use Regulation (2d Ed.), Stewart E. Sterk, Eduardo M. Penalver, Sara C. Bronin
Land Use Regulation (2d Ed.), Stewart E. Sterk, Eduardo M. Penalver, Sara C. Bronin
Sara C. Bronin
Earning Deference: Reflections On The Merger Of Environmental And Land-Use Law, Michael Allan Wolf
Earning Deference: Reflections On The Merger Of Environmental And Land-Use Law, Michael Allan Wolf
Michael A Wolf
The bedrock notion that courts should, in the overwhelming majority of cases, defer to lawmakers is currently under attack in the nation's courts, commentary and classrooms. Leading the way are several United States Supreme Court Justices who, in cases involving the Commerce Clause, the Takings Clause and Section Five of the Fourteenth Amendment, are much more willing than their immediate predecessors to second-guess the motives and tactics of elected and appointed officials at all levels of government. Given this new juris-political reality, it is more important than ever that local government officials--who are often (though, certainly, not always justifiably) viewed …
Super Liens To The Rescue? A Case Against Special Districts In Real Estate Finance, Christopher K. Odinet
Super Liens To The Rescue? A Case Against Special Districts In Real Estate Finance, Christopher K. Odinet
Christopher K. Odinet
In a time of limited resources and sluggish economic growth, competition between cities has become palpable, and the race for new investment often dictates the public agenda. To that end, the explosive growth of public-private partnerships between local governments and private investors has resulted in the creation of a myriad of special taxing districts, the purposes of which are limited only by the imagination. Of particular concern has been the growth of certain real estate development-related districts. Although first conceived to fund critical improvements where conventional credit was not available, in more recently years these special districts have been used …
Supreme Guidance For Wet Growth: Lessons From The High Court On The Powers And Responsibilities Of Local Governments, Michael Allan Wolf
Supreme Guidance For Wet Growth: Lessons From The High Court On The Powers And Responsibilities Of Local Governments, Michael Allan Wolf
Michael A Wolf
Before the merger of water law and land use planning can occur, local and state regulators need strong guidance from experts in the field, not only in extra-legal fields such as planning, hydrology, geology, engineering, biology, and transportation, but also in mainstream legal areas including legislation (local, state, and federal), administrative law, and enforcement. The purpose of this article is to identify a somewhat unorthodox source of guidance - the United States Supreme Court, specifically the Rehnquist Court from October, 1984, through June, 2005, a period of remarkable stability for the nation’s highest tribunal.
Localism And Capital Punishment, Stephen F. Smith
Localism And Capital Punishment, Stephen F. Smith
Stephen F. Smith
Professor Adam Gershowitz presents an interesting proposal to transfer from localities to states the power to enforce the death penalty. In his view, state-level enforcement would result in a more rationally applied death penalty because states would be much more likely to make capital charging decisions based on desert, without the distorting influence of the severe resource constraints applicable to all but the wealthiest of localities. As well conceived as Professor Gershowitz’s proposal is, however, I remain skeptical that statewide enforcement of the death penalty would be preferable to continued local enforcement. First, Professor Gershowitz underestimates the benefits of localism …
Pretextual Takings: Of Private Developers, Local Governments, And Impermissible Favoritism, Daniel B. Kelly
Pretextual Takings: Of Private Developers, Local Governments, And Impermissible Favoritism, Daniel B. Kelly
Daniel B Kelly
Since Kelo v. City of New London, the preferred litigation strategy for challenging a condemnation that benefits a private party is to allege that the taking is pretextual. This Article contends that, although pretextual takings are socially undesirable, the current judicial test for identifying such takings is problematic. Yet an alternative, intent-based test might be impracticable, as well as underinclusive: condemnors often have mixed motives, particularly when confronted with a firm's credible threat to relocate. Instead, the Article develops a framework that emphasizes informational differences between local governments and private developers. When the government lacks information regarding the optimal site …
Restoring Lost Connections: Land Use, Policing, And Urban Vitality, Nicole Stelle Garnett
Restoring Lost Connections: Land Use, Policing, And Urban Vitality, Nicole Stelle Garnett
Nicole Stelle Garnett
No abstract provided.
Affordable Private Education And The Middle Class City, Nicole Stelle Garnett
Affordable Private Education And The Middle Class City, Nicole Stelle Garnett
Nicole Stelle Garnett
This Essay, which was prepared for a University of Chicago Law School’s symposium on “Rethinking the Local Government Toolkit,” argues that affordable private schools serve an important urban-development function: They partially unbundle the residential and educational decisions of families with children. Thus, state and local officials hoping to make our make central city neighborhoods attractive places to raise children should consider employing a familiar urban development tool - tax incentives - to make quality private schools more financially accessible to middle-income families. The Essay proceeds in three parts. Part I builds the case for a middle class city. Part II …
Towards A Theory Of Equitable Federated Regionalism In Public Education: Reversing The Role Of School District Boundary Lines In Dismantling Brown V. Board Of Education, Erika Wilson
Erika K. Wilson
School quality and resources vary dramatically across school district boundary lines. Students who live mere miles apart have access to vastly different and disparate educational opportunities based upon which side of a school district boundary line their home is located. Owing in large part to metropolitan fragmentation, most school districts and the larger localities in which they are situated, are segregated by race and class. Further, because of a strong ideological preference for localism in public education, local government law structures in most states do not require or even encourage collaboration between school districts in order to address disparities between …
1998 Survey Of Ethics In Land-Use Planning, Patricia E. Salkin
1998 Survey Of Ethics In Land-Use Planning, Patricia E. Salkin
Patricia E. Salkin
No abstract provided.
U.S. Supreme Court Hands Two Big Wins To Municipal Governments In 2001-2002 Term, Patricia E. Salkin
U.S. Supreme Court Hands Two Big Wins To Municipal Governments In 2001-2002 Term, Patricia E. Salkin
Patricia E. Salkin
No abstract provided.
Planning For Conflicts Of Interest In Land Use Decisionmaking: The Use Of Alternate Members Of Planning And Zoning Boards, Patricia E. Salkin
Planning For Conflicts Of Interest In Land Use Decisionmaking: The Use Of Alternate Members Of Planning And Zoning Boards, Patricia E. Salkin
Patricia E. Salkin
No abstract provided.
The Quiet Revolution And Federalism: Into The Future, Patricia E. Salkin
The Quiet Revolution And Federalism: Into The Future, Patricia E. Salkin
Patricia E. Salkin
This Article offers an examination of the federal role in land use planning and regulation set in the context of varying theories of federalism by presenting a historical and modern overview of the increasing federal influence in local land use planning and regulation, specifically highlighting how federal statutes and programs impact local municipal decision making in the area of land use planning. Part II provides a brief introduction into theories of federalism and their application to local land use regulation in the United States. Part III provides a brief overview of federal legislation in the United States which affected local …
Engaging Deliberative Democracy At The Grassroots: Prioritizing The Effects Of The Fiscal Crisis In New York At The Local Government Level, Patricia E. Salkin, Charles Gottlieb
Engaging Deliberative Democracy At The Grassroots: Prioritizing The Effects Of The Fiscal Crisis In New York At The Local Government Level, Patricia E. Salkin, Charles Gottlieb
Patricia E. Salkin
Part I of this Article discusses many of the factors contributing to the fiscal crisis at the local level in New York including historic decreases in federal and state revenue sharing, the imposition of a new property tax cap, the failure of New York to address meaningfully the subject of unfunded mandates on local governments, and the dependency of some local jurisdictions on the timely adoption of a state budget. Part II discusses concepts of deliberative democracy and how local residents might be engaged to become partners with local officials in making difficult fiscal decisions that impact all community residents. …
Congress Misses Twice With The Community Character Act: Will Three Times Be A Charm?, Patricia E. Salkin
Congress Misses Twice With The Community Character Act: Will Three Times Be A Charm?, Patricia E. Salkin
Patricia E. Salkin
No abstract provided.
One Man - One Vote: Is It Applicable To Local Government?, Patrick K. Hetrick
One Man - One Vote: Is It Applicable To Local Government?, Patrick K. Hetrick
Patrick K. Hetrick
No abstract provided.
Squaring The Circle On Sprawl: What More Can We Do?: Progress Towards Sustainable Land Use In The States, Patricia E. Salkin
Squaring The Circle On Sprawl: What More Can We Do?: Progress Towards Sustainable Land Use In The States, Patricia E. Salkin
Patricia E. Salkin
With almost ten years of nationwide dialogue and experimentation with the legal implementation of smart growth concepts at the state and local levels, this paper pauses to consider whether and to what extent success has been realized. The one certainty in this dynamic intersection of land development and conservation is that there is no one best model adaptable to all fifty states. Rather, to accommodate national diversity in local government structure, cultural relationships of people to the land, and differences in geography and a sense of place, the best lesson learned is that advocates and lawmakers alike must shape and …
Affordable Housing: Update On Federal And State Activities, Patricia E. Salkin
Affordable Housing: Update On Federal And State Activities, Patricia E. Salkin
Patricia E. Salkin
No abstract provided.
Litigating Ethics Issues In Land Use: 2000 Trends And Decisions, Patricia E. Salkin
Litigating Ethics Issues In Land Use: 2000 Trends And Decisions, Patricia E. Salkin
Patricia E. Salkin
No abstract provided.
Smart Growth At Century’S End: The State Of The States, Patricia E. Salkin
Smart Growth At Century’S End: The State Of The States, Patricia E. Salkin
Patricia E. Salkin
No abstract provided.
Municipal Regulation Of Formula Businesses: Creating And Protecting Communities, Patricia E. Salkin
Municipal Regulation Of Formula Businesses: Creating And Protecting Communities, Patricia E. Salkin
Patricia E. Salkin
People have been trying to exclude chain stores from their communities for decades. This includes "big-box" chains - the behemoth retailers that prefer an architecture of rectangular, single-story unadorned structures reaching 200,000 square feet or more - as well as national and international businesses including well-recognized fast food restaurants, drug stores and clothing retailers. The reasons for restricting these large corporate businesses include concerns over community character and aesthetics, local economics and self-reliance, and corporate ideologies. Over time, many municipalities have been forced to accept that "formula retail" and "franchise architecture" are simply part of the American economy. In many …
Municipal Ethics Remain A Hot Topic In Litigation: A 1999 Survey Of Issues In Ethics For Municipal Lawyers, Patricia E. Salkin
Municipal Ethics Remain A Hot Topic In Litigation: A 1999 Survey Of Issues In Ethics For Municipal Lawyers, Patricia E. Salkin
Patricia E. Salkin
No abstract provided.
Introduction (Symposium On Municipal Liability), Patricia E. Salkin
Introduction (Symposium On Municipal Liability), Patricia E. Salkin
Patricia E. Salkin
No abstract provided.
Equitable Fiscal Regionalism, Matthew J. Parlow
Equitable Fiscal Regionalism, Matthew J. Parlow
Matthew Parlow
The Great Recession And Its Implications For Community Policing, Matthew J. Parlow
The Great Recession And Its Implications For Community Policing, Matthew J. Parlow
Matthew Parlow
Should Federalism Shield Corruption?—Mail Fraud, State Law And Post-Lopez Analysis, George D. Brown
Should Federalism Shield Corruption?—Mail Fraud, State Law And Post-Lopez Analysis, George D. Brown
George D. Brown
In this Article, Professor Brown examines the issues that federal prosecutions of state and local officials pose. The analysis focuses on prosecutions under the mail fraud statute and considers the general debate over the proper scope of federal criminal law. Professor Brodin addresses the question of whether a re-examination of mail fraud would focus on constitutional or statutory issues and by utilizing the Supreme Court case United States v. Lopez examines the question of internal limits on the mail fraud statute.
State And Local Regulation Of Particular Types Of Affordable Housing, Tim Iglesias
State And Local Regulation Of Particular Types Of Affordable Housing, Tim Iglesias
Tim Iglesias
This chapter will consider state and local regulation affecting the development of several types of affordable housing which are neither traditional single family nor multi-family. Specifically, the chapter discusses statutes, ordinances, regulations and leading case law concerning the siting of manufactured housing, farmworker housing, accessory or secondary units, single room occupancy hotels (SROs), condominium conversion regulation, and emergency shelters and transitional housing, including domestic violence shelters.