Law Commons^™

A State Law Approach To Preserving Fair Use In Academic Libraries, David R. Hansen

David R Hansen

Rethinking Commodification: Cases And Readings In Law And Culture, Martha Ertman, Joan Williams

Martha M. Ertman

What is the price of a limb? A child? Ethnicity? Love? In a world that is often ruled by buyers and sellers, those things that are often considered priceless become objects to be marketed and from which to earn a profit. Ranging from black market babies to exploitative sex trade operations to the marketing of race and culture, Rethinking Commodification presents an interdisciplinary collection of writings, including legal theory, case law, and original essays to reexamine the traditional legal question: ̶To commodify or not to commodify?” In this pathbreaking course reader, Martha M. Ertman and Joan C. Williams present the …

The Promise Principle And Contract Interpretation, Juliet P. Kostritsky

Juliet P Kostritsky

The promise principle and its roots in a certain type of morality of individual obligation, which play the central role in Charles Fried’s vision of Contract law, have importantly contributed to rescuing Contract law from absorption into Tort law and from the imposition of externally imposed standards that are collective in origin. It makes a mammoth contribution to alerting us to the tyranny of interference with individual self-determination. However, this essay questions whether a promise centered system derived from a moral philosophy of promising (without an observable and testable foundation in reality) and geared to internal individual obligation and duty …

A Pro-Congress Approach To Arbitration And Unconscionability, Stephen Friedman

Stephen E Friedman

This Essay endeavors to resolve a current controversy involving the application of the unconscionability doctrine to arbitration agreements. The pro-arbitration policies of the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) and the anti-arbitration instincts of the unconscionability doctrine are difficult to reconcile. Instead of clarity in this area of law, we have a series of hints and clues, often contradictory, from the Supreme Court. Although Professor David Horton and I share a desire to clarify this area of the law, we have nearly opposite views about how this should be accomplished. This Essay sets forth my position and also responds to Unconscionability Wars, …

Finding Room For Fairness In Formalism--The Sliding Scale Approach To Unconscionability, Melissa T. Lonegrass

Melissa T. Lonegrass

No abstract provided.

Social Media And The Rise In Consumer Bargaining Power, Wayne R. Barnes

Wayne R. Barnes

Mixed Reality: How The Laws Of Virtual Worlds Govern Everyday Life, Joshua A.T. Fairfield

Joshua A.T. Fairfield

Just as the Internet linked human knowledge through the simple mechanism of the hyperlink, now reality itself is being hyperlinked, indexed, and augmented with virtual experiences. Imagine being able to check the background of your next date through your cell phone, or experience a hidden world of trolls and goblins while you are out strolling in the park. This is the exploding technology of Mixed Reality, which augments real places, people and things with rich virtual experiences. As virtual and real worlds converge, the law that governs virtual experiences will increasingly come to govern everyday life. The problem is that …

Rhetoric, Reality & The Wrongful Abrogation Of The Collateral Source Rule In Personal Injury Cases., Lori A. Roberts

Lori A Roberts

RHETORIC, REALITY & THE WRONGFUL ABROGATION OF THE COLLATERAL SOURCE RULE IN PERSONAL INJURY CASES. LORI A. ROBERTS Abstract: There are few certainties in litigation, but one that any injured plaintiff with health care insurance can rely on is that a defendant-tortfeasor will argue that the plaintiff’s health care bills are “illusory” and that the plaintiff will recover a “windfall” if he is allowed to recover the full amount of those bills as economic damages. The issue addressed in this Article, whether the difference between the billed rate for medical care and the actual amount paid by a plaintiff’s insurer …

Selling Sex: Analyzing The Improper Use Defense To Contract Enforcement Through The Lens Of Carroll Versus Beardon, Julie M. Spanbauer

Julie M. Spanbauer

The 1963 decision of the Supreme Court of Montana in Carroll v. Beardon, occupies less than three full pages in the Pacific Reporter and involves a simple real estate transaction in which a “madam” sold a house used for prostitution to another “madam.” The opinion is the last in a long line of cases to speak specifically to the issue of enforcement of facially legitimate contracts that in some manner arguably involve or are related to prostitution and is commonly cited in treatises and hornbooks as representative of the movement by courts toward enforcement of such contracts under the law …

Testamentary Substitutes: Retained Interests, Custodial Accounts And Contractual Transactions—A New Approach, Sidney Kwestel, Rena C. Seplowitz

Rena C. Seplowitz

No abstract provided.

Testamentary Substitutes—A Time For Statutory Clarification, Sidney Kwestel, Rena Seplowitz

Rena C. Seplowitz

No abstract provided.

Selling Sex: Analyzing The Improper Use Defense To Contract Enforcement Through The Lens Of Carroll V. Beardon, Julie M. Spanbauer

Julie M. Spanbauer

The 1963 decision of the Supreme Court of Montana in Carroll v. Beardon, occupies less than three full pages in the Pacific Reporter and involves a simple real estate transaction in which a “madam” sold a house used for prostitution to another “madam.” The opinion is the last in a long line of cases to speak specifically to the issue of enforcement of facially legitimate contracts that in some manner arguably involve or are related to prostitution and is commonly cited in treatises and hornbooks as representative of the movement by courts toward enforcement of such contracts under the law …

Aplicaciones Prácticas Del Behavioral Law And Economics: ¿Superando Sesgos Cognitivos?, Renzo E. Saavedra Velazco

Renzo E. Saavedra Velazco

En las últimas décadas los postulados del Law and Economics tradicional han venido sufriendo una serie de acotaciones por parte de los académicos de las denominadas ciencias conductuales. A pesar de las pruebas empíricas que se ofrecen para sustentar las objeciones elevadas, un sector tradicionalista se empeña, una y otra vez, en alegar la poca utilidad de esta visión alternativa. Es por esta razón que se reseñarán algunas de sus posibles aplicaciones.

No More Abuse: The Dodd-Frank And Consumer Financial Protection Act's "Abusive" Standard, Tiffany S. Lee

Tiffany S Lee

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Financial Protection Act creates the new Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. This consumer watchdog will be responsible for the most powerful consumer protections in American history. Under section 1031(d) of the Act, the Bureau may ban acts and practices that are unfair, deceptive, or abusive. While the unfair and deceptive standards have existed for some time, “abusive” is a relatively new legal standard with limited jurisprudential history. Thus, ironically, critics assert that the inclusion of the abusive standard is itself an abuse of legislative power. This Article asserts that despite some criticism to …

Preface To The Gateway Thread, Deborah W. Post

Deborah W. Post

No abstract provided.

The Interplay Between U.S. Statutory Rights And Public Policy Under The Faa And New York Convention In International Disputes, Daniel Schwarz

Daniel M. Schwarz

The “prospective waiver” doctrine allows U.S. courts to invalidate or sever arbitration clauses in otherwise valid agreements to arbitrate where arbitrating under foreign law would prevent a U.S. party from seeking relief under a U.S. statute. The loss of this opportunity is said to affront U.S. public policy. This paper acknowledges that courts’ application of this idea has resulted in the need for a more fundamental revisiting of the question of whose law should be “mandatory” in international arbitration. But more specifically, this paper proposes appropriate sets of factors for pre-arbitration courts, arbitrators, and post-arbitration enforcement courts to consider in …

Testamentary Substitutes: Retained Interests, Custodial Accounts And Contractual Transactions—A New Approach, Sidney Kwestel, Rena C. Seplowitz

Sidney Kwestel

No abstract provided.

Testamentary Substitutes—A Time For Statutory Clarification, Sidney Kwestel, Rena Seplowitz

Sidney Kwestel

No abstract provided.

Patent Assignments By Employees Demand Better Protections, Chuan Ai

Chuan D Ai

Two problems make it nearly impossible for a buyer of patent rights – either as an assignee or a licensee – to know if the title is clean. First, there is no single central registry where all economic rights to patents are stored and searched. Patent assignments and licenses may be recorded at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, merely as an option. More significantly, for the vast majority of inventors in the U.S. who are employed and obligated to assign their future patents invented on the job, there is no way to record such pre-invention assignments. To remedy this …

Patent Assignments By Employees Demand Better Protections, C. David Ai

Chuan D Ai

In the decision of Stanford v. Roche, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit focused on the assignment clause in two contracts signed by the same inventor, and compared the language of “I will assign and do hereby assign” (in Cetus/Roche’s contract) against “I agree to assign” (in Stanford’s contract). The Federal Circuit failed to examine the completely different contexts of the two contracts -- Roche’s Visitor’s Confidentiality Agreement versus Stanford’s Employment Invention Assignment Agreement -- thus suggesting that an assignment clause in any contract carries the same weight. Increasingly, IP assignment language appears in a variety of contracts, …

Contracting Out Of Process, Contracting Out Of Corporate Accountability: An Argument Against Enforcement Of Pre-Dispute Limits On Process, Meredith R. Miller

Meredith R. Miller

There have been many well-articulated and convincing critiques aimed at mandatory arbitration. Indeed, presently before Congress is proposed legislation titled the Arbitration Fairness Act, that would ban pre-dispute arbitration in the consumer, franchise and employment contexts. However, maligned as the plaintiff bar's pro-lawsuit legislation, the Arbitration Fairness Act is predicted to have very little chance of enactment. Consequently, across varying industries, the pre-dispute arbitration regime endures unheedingly. Thus, this Article sets aside the arguments aimed generally at pre-dispute arbitration clauses and, instead, sets its sights on some of the terms that seem to arise in such clauses. The focus here …

When Money Grew On Trees: The Untold Story Of Lucy V. Zehmer, Barak D. Richman, Dennis Schmelzer

Barak D Richman

This article reexamines Lucy v. Zehmer, a staple in most contracts courses, and makes the following discoveries: (1) Lucy, acting as a middleman for southern Virginia’s burgeoning pulp and paper industry, sought the Ferguson Farm for its rich timber reserves; (2) Lucy was one of scores of aggressive timber middlemen eager to purchase timberland across the region, in what amounted to a chaotic land grab that left a wake of shady transactions and colorful litigation; and (3) Within the eight years of winning injunctive relief from the Virginia Supreme Court and purchasing the Ferguson Farm from Zehmer for $50,000, Lucy …

Student Film: Jacobs And Young Inc., V. George Kent, Ara Ayvazian, Ashley Haelen, Peggy Zabakolas, Larry Przetakiewicz, Michael Barchak, Andrew Koster, Cristina Puglia, Deborah Post

Deborah W. Post

No abstract provided.

Student Film: Stambovsky V. Ackley, Lindsey Barovick, Lauran Cannataro, Ray Castronovo, Conrad Chayes, Julia Surette, Kenneth Zawistowski, Deborah Post

Deborah W. Post

No abstract provided.

Student Film- In Re: Baby M, Heather Cole, John Nicodemo, Julie Perlina, Jessica Bryant, Rachel Zoltowsky, Alana Hassel, Deborah Post

Deborah W. Post

No abstract provided.

The Dubious Status Of The Rolling Contract Formation Theory, John E. Murray Jr

Dr. John E. Murray, Jr.

No abstract provided.

Arbitration Provisions: Little Darlings And Little Monsters, Stephen Friedman

Stephen E Friedman

This Article takes a new approach to resolving the growing tension between the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) and the unconscionability doctrine. While arbitration provisions are favored under the FAA, they are viewed far more skeptically by courts applying unconscionability to refuse enforcement of one-sided arbitration provisions. This tension, which has increased dramatically in recent years, represents a major fault line in contract law. Jurisprudence and commentary on this issue have assumed that courts have the authority to apply the unconscionability doctrine to arbitration provisions. This Article refutes that assumption, taking the position that Congress, in passing the FAA, removed from …

Graduated Consent In Contract And Tort Law: Toward A Theory Of Justification, Tom Bell

Tom W. Bell

We often speak of consent in binary terms, boiling it down to 'yes' or 'no.' In truth, however, consent varies by degrees. We tend to afford expressly consensual transactions more respect than transactions backed by only implied consent, for instance, which we in turn regard as more meaningful than transactions justified by merely hypothetical consent. A mirror of that ordinal ranking appears in our judgments about unconsensual transactions, too. Those gradations of consent mark a deep structure of our social world, one especially evident in the contours of contract and tort law. This article draws on those and other sources …

Justice, Employment, And The Psychological Contract, Larry Dimatteo, Robert Bird, Jason Colquitt

Larry A DiMatteo

The paper is a multidisciplinary collaboration between contract law, employment law and management scholars and draws from the fields of law, management, and psychology. After reviewing and noting the gaps in the employment and justice literatures, this paper presents the findings of a survey of 763 participants to measure whether certain variables—procedural and substantive fairness, as well as educating employees on the principle of employment at will—impact the propensities of employees to retaliate and litigate at the time of discharge.

The survey results are significant and striking. We find statistically significant reductions in retaliation and litigation rates when survey respondents …

Comparative Efficiency In Internatonal Sales Law, Larry A. Dimatteo, Daniel Ostas

Larry A DiMatteo

The article employs the method of the economic analysis of law (EAL) in a comparative context. In particular, it assesses the efficiency of select provisions of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). The CISG is the law of the United States and over 70 other countries. It reflects a culmination of a century-old process of failed attempts to achieve an international sales law. The drafting process involved intense negotiation and compromise between representatives of the common and civil law legal traditions. As a result, the CISG provides in an interesting amalgam of civil …