Law Commons^™

Language Rights Remedies In The Supreme Court Of Canada: Invisible, Gentle, Or Stern Hand?, Dianne Pothier

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The Supreme Court of Canada has used the context of language rights to establish significant contours of constitutional remedies. Language rights cases, both pre and post Charter, have engaged the full range of judicial intervention, from an invisible to a stern hand. Initially, the Supreme Court of Canada took a very passive stance in the context of bilingual language obligations of legislatures and courts. Despite lack express remedial direction from the Court, Quebec pulled out all the stops in its efforts to comply with the ruling with breakneck speed. In contrast, Manitoba adopted a leisurely pace in a half-hearted …

Wrongful Termination Claims In The Supreme Court Of Canada: Coming Up Short, Dianne Pothier

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The author concludes that the Supreme Court of Canada's narrow interpretations in Wal-Mart and Honda undermine the purposes of collective bargaining and human rights legislation, respectively Wal-Mart involves an unfair labour practice complaint following the closing of a store in Jonquibre, Quebec. The author contests the analysis of the Supreme Court of Canada, as being far removed from the context of the real difficulties in dealing with determined anti-union employers, instead facilitating statutory evasion. Honda involves a claim for wrongful dismissal, where the issue at the Supreme Court of Canada level is one of remedy, premised on the dismissal amounting …

Tackling Disability Discrimination At Work: Toward A Systematic Approach, Dianne Pothier

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Approaching disability discrimination in systemic terms is the most fundamental challenge that disability human rights law currently faces. Achieving fundamental change in relation to disability at work necessitates challenging able-bodied norms. To that end, a social construction of disability entails adapting the environment to meet the needs of those with a variety of dis-abilities. Tackling disability discrimination requires contesting what is deemed “normal” be­cause it is the way most able-bodied persons function, necessitating a thorough understanding of adverse effects discrimination, which looks behind purportedly neutral practices to uncover detrimental effects on those who do not function “normally”.

The fact that …

Book Review Of Power Without Law: The Supreme Court Of Canada, The Marshall Decisions, And The Failure Of Judicial Activism By Alex M Cameron, Dianne Pothier

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Alex Cameron’s book, Power Without Law, is a scathing critique of the Supreme Court of Canada’s 1999 decisions in R. v. Marshall upholding Donald Marshall Jr.’s Mi’kmaq treaty claim. Cameron’s book has attracted a lot of attention because of the author’s position as Crown counsel for the government of Nova Scotia. Cameron was not involved as a lawyer in the Marshall case itself. As a fisheries prosecution, Marshall was a matter of federal jurisdiction pursuant to s. 91(12) of the Constitution Act, 1867, 3 and Nova Scotia chose not to intervene. However, Cameron did become involved in a subsequent …

Not So Simple After All: A Comment On Ravndahl V. Saskatchewan, Dianne Pothier

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Ravndahl became entitled to a survivor's pension under workers' compensation legislation upon the death of her husband in 1975, and disentitled upon remarriage in 1984. In 2000 she filed a statement of claim alleging the disentitlement constituted a section 15 Charter breach. The Saskatchewan government brought a pre-trial motion claiming the action was barred because of a six-year statute of limitations.

The Supreme Court of Canada assumed without deciding that the Charter applied. The author contends the Court should have affirmatively concluded that the Charter applies, on the basis that the claim is founded on the claimant's on-going status as …

The Significance Of Entrenchment Of Equality Rights, Dianne Pothier

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Not until April 17, 1985 did Canada's Constitution officially embrace guarantees of equality. The three year delay in the coming into force of section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was a clear acknowledgement that equality was not a pre-existing condition at the time of entrenchment of the Charter in 1982. After 17 years of experience with entrenched rights, it can unequivocally be said that entrenchment has brought progress toward equality. Yet it must also be said that significant barriers to the attainment of full legal equality remain. This article will explain the basis upon which I …

Twenty Years Of Labour Law And The Charter, Dianne Pothier

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This article critically reviews the Charter jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Canada relating to labour law. The rejection of the right to strike and to bargain collectively as part of freedom of association reflect substantial judicial deference to legislative policy choices. Recently, however, a constitutional right of unfair labour protection for particularly vulnerable workers shows some judicial willingness to intervene. While freedom of expression provides significant scope to union supporters, picketing and leafleting are still subject to wide restraint, the exact parameters of which remain unclear. The Charter has had only a modest effect on labour law. Even successful …

Connecting Grounds Of Discrimination To Real People's Real Experiences, Dianne Pothier

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From the outset, the prevailing approach to human rights statutes in Canada has been predicated on a closed list of prohibited grounds of discrimination. The early drafts of s. 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms likewise had a closed list of enumerated grounds, but the final version qualifies those grounds as "in particular", opening the door for a broader application of s. 15. Nonetheless, the Supreme Court of Canada, with the exception of Justice L'Heureux-Dube, has insisted that establishing a prohibited ground, either enumerated or analogous, is a requisite condition to a s. 15 breach. In the …

Bcgseu: Turning A Page In Canadian Human Rights Law, Dianne Pothier

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The Supreme Court of Canada's decision in British Columbia Government and Service Employees' Union (BCGSEU) v. British Columbia (Public Service Employee Relations Commission)' starts like a classic Lord Denning judgment. Within the first few lines, without even knowing what the legal issue really is, you know who is going to win because of how that person is presented. Justice McLachlin's judgment, speaking for a unanimous nine-person Court, begins by noting that the grievor, Tawney Meiorin, "did her work well" but nonetheless "lost her job."' It was that dissonance that made the facts of the case compelling for reinstatement. But what …

Redressing The Imbalances: Rethinking The Judicial Role After R. V R.D.S., Dianne Pothier, Richard Devlin

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The Decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in R. v. R.D.S. dealt with whether a trial judge's comments, about interactions between police officers and "non-white groups", gave rise to a reasonable apprehension of bias in the circumstances. They strongly criticize the contrary ruling of the dissent as inappropriately drawing a false dichotomy between decisions based on evidence and decisions based on generalizations, and as improperly ignoring social context with an unwarranted confidence in the ideology of colour blindness. While more supportive of the majority's analysis, the authors also find cause for concern, with somewhat different emphasis in the nature …

The Sounds Of Silence: Charter Application When The Legislature Declines To Speak, Dianne Pothier

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On first impression, the title of the Simon and Garfunkle hit classic hit "The Sounds of Silence" may seem like an oxymoron. But it does not take too much reflection to realize that silence can indeed be very expressive and therefore quite telling. While that can be true in any number of contexts, for the specific purpose of this article, I will examine only one: legislative silence. What is the legal significance of the legislature declining to speak on one particular aspect of a legal issue otherwise addressed in the legislation? More specifically, can the Charter be engaged to challenge …

On Not "Getting It", Dianne Pothier

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Although there has been increasing awareness regarding equity and access issues in the legal profession, that awareness has tended to miss the multi-faceted nature of the problem. The author discusses how the recognition of one kind of barrier may not assist in the recognition of others. Understanding race or gender does not necessarily imply understanding disability or sexual orientation. Students, faculty and practitioners need to challenge and question their assumptions, to guard against barriers to entry and to really belonging.

Bien qu 'ii y ail une prise de conscience grandissante en ce qui touche /es questions d'egalite et d'acces dans …

Report On The Consultation With The Maritime School Of Social Work Community, Dianne Pothier

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In my assessment there is a genuine and strong commitment to affirmative action and anti-racism at the MSSW. But that in itself is only the beginning. Real cross cultural understanding is a major challenge, and needs to be constantly worked at. In the process, mistakes will be made on all sides. Allowances need to be made for that. The School looks at itself compared to other institutions; critics look at the School compared to an ideal world. Neither perspective holds the complete truth. The MSSW needs to continue to work at the effectiveness of its affirmative action program, defining that …

A Comment On The Canadian Bar Association's Gender Equality Task Force Report, Dianne Pothier

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The Task Force Report is a comprehensive one that deserves to be read by all members of the profession. It documents widespread problems and suggests wide ranging solutions. Reading a review is not an adequate substitute. A review can only touch on highlights, whereas it is in the detail of the Report that its real impact lies. This review will briefly comment on each of the themes announced in the title of the Report: equality, diversity, and accountability. Although in my assessment the report is in some respects too timid, that should not take away from the fact the Report …

Miles To Go: Some Personal Reflections On Social Construction Of Disability, Dianne Pothier

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The "social construction" of disability refers to the way an able bodied conception of disability magnifies its consequences. The social construction of disability assesses and deals with disability from an able bodied perspective. It includes erroneous assumptions about capacity to perform that come from an able bodied frame of reference. It encompasses the failure to make possible or accept different ways of doing things. It reflects a preoccupation with "normalcy" that excludes the disabled person.

The Constitutional Amending Process, A Paul Pross, Andy Anstett, Thomas Cromwell, A. Wayne Mackay, Dianne Pothier, Della Stanley

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Since the failure to ratify the Meech Lake Accord in June 1990, the constitutional future of Canada has been the topic of increasingly urgent debate. So far, a consensus has emerged on two things. First, federalism as it is enshrined in the Constitution Acts of 1867 and 1982 no longer meets the needs and aspirations of the majority. Second, the means used in the past to achieve major constitutional revision are no longer acceptable to the majority of Canadians. Put simply, constitutional revision is essential if Canada is to survive and the means of achieving this revision must be more …

"Institutional Relationships Between Tribunals And Courts" Book Review Of Recent Developments In Administrative Law, Dianne Pothier

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If one brings together 14 experts on administrative law to participate in a continuing legal education program on "Administrative Law": Recent Developments and Emerging Trends," there is the potential for either stimulating critical analyses or humdrum descriptive update. On reading the preface to this book, the product of such a program held at Toronto and Ottawa in November 1986, I was expective the former. In large measure, I was disappointed.

Crossing The Lines In Dolphin Delivery: Some Thoughts On The Parameters Of The Charter Application - Unpublished, Dianne Potheier

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A threatened picket line which never materialized turned into the unlikely setting out of which the Supreme Court of Canada drew the demarcation lines between litigation to which the Charter does and does not apply. I use the description "unlikely setting" not because it is odd that labour picketing was the context for debating the issue of Charter application. The considerable extent to which Canadian law leaves labour picketing to the common law makes it an obvious place to assess the Charter's application to the common law. But it could not have been less planned than Retail, Wholesale and Department …

Workers Compensation: The Historical Compromise Revisited, Dianne Pothier

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This committee, after our study, declares that our present system of workers' compensation legislation is still fundamentally sound in concept.

- Report to the House of Assembly of the Select Committee on Workers' Compensation, May, 1981

In the last decade health and safety issues in the workplace have gained a special prominence. Across North America new initiatives have been taken in response to an old problem. One aspect subjected to re-evaluation in many jurisdictions is the statutory scheme of workers' compensation. In Nova Scotia a Select Committee of the Legislature was given the mandate to reassess this scheme, and its …