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Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Nuclear Threat: A Homeland Security Perspective, Renae Katherine Harvey
The Nuclear Threat: A Homeland Security Perspective, Renae Katherine Harvey
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
On December 8, 1987, the United States and Russia signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. Since then, it has been a common misconception that this solidified the end of the Cold War and the Nuclear Arms Race. To this day, nuclear installations are plaguing bordering countries within the European Union. As a result, severe transnational issues become evident as transnational crime groups grow and technological advancements of terrorist groups continue to gain ground within the nuclear power threshold. Furthermore, countries within the Asian Peninsula and the Middle East continue to demonstrate nuclear prowess via mass media attention as a sense …
Servant Leadership: The Change Needed In Law Enforcement, Shane H. Shetler
Servant Leadership: The Change Needed In Law Enforcement, Shane H. Shetler
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Servant leadership is a moral-based form of leadership in which leaders place the well-being of followers before their own (Canavesi & Minelli, 2022). It is a theory that has gained increased notoriety over the past several decades. Despite this, there remains a limited amount of empirical research on it and its potential benefits. However, several professions have adopted it, and their results have been positive. Leadership change is needed in many professions, and law enforcement is no exception. The policing profession faces many challenges, such as recruiting quality candidates and retaining existing personnel. Furthermore, the challenges plaguing policing also exert …
Redefining Disproportionate Arrest Rates: An Exploratory Quasi-Experiment That Reassesses The Role Of Skin Tone, Soren G. Brockdorf
Redefining Disproportionate Arrest Rates: An Exploratory Quasi-Experiment That Reassesses The Role Of Skin Tone, Soren G. Brockdorf
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The New York Times reported that Black Lives Matter was the third most-read subject of 2020. These articles brought to the forefront the question of disparity in arrest rates for darker-skinned people. Questioning arrest disparity is understandable because virtually everything known about disproportionate arrest rates has been a guess, and virtually all prior research on disproportionate arrest rates is questionable because of improper benchmarking (the denominator effect). Current research has highlighted the need to switch from demographic data to skin tone data and start over on disproportionate arrest rate research; therefore, this study explored the relationship between skin tone and …
A Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experiences Of African American Males' Challenges In Post Incarceration, Amber L. Scott
A Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experiences Of African American Males' Challenges In Post Incarceration, Amber L. Scott
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This purpose of this phenomenological study is to understand the lived experiences of African American males in the state of Delaware post-incarceration. Incarceration disproportionately affects African American males leading to numerous difficulties during their transition back into the community. The research sought to comprehend the myriad of challenges and identify potential support systems to help facilitate successful reintegration. By utilizing a qualitative research approach, the study employs in-depth interviews to collect data from African American males who have experienced life post-incarceration. The analysis of the data incorporates elements of critical race theory and labeling theory to unravel the interplay of …
Mass Incarceration In America: Where's The Church?, Michael J. Wing
Mass Incarceration In America: Where's The Church?, Michael J. Wing
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Due to mass incarceration, correctional facilities in America are dealing with unprecedented levels of overcrowding, staff shortages, violence, suicide, and widespread mental illness among inmates. Budget cuts and the corresponding loss of vocational, educational, and treatment programs have exacerbated such problems. Mass incarceration and its deleterious consequences are challenging the very soul of America, and the church has largely stood by and watched this tragic situation unfold over the last fifty years. This research project has explored some of the barriers that have precluded churches from taking a more intentional, active, and impactful role in doing something about the national …
Res Communis Omnium V. Res Nullius In U.S. Space Mining Law & Policy: A Multilevel Theoretical Analysis Of U.S. Public Policy On Space Minerals Mining Under Title Iv, §51301- §403, U.S. 2015 Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act (Public Law 114-90) & Its Implications For International Space Law Under Articles I & Ii, 1967 Outer Space Treaty, Samuel Chuks Japhets
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The outer space territory and celestial bodies are unfathomably rich in strategic mineral resources worth trillions of dollars such as water ice, helium-3, platinum, iron, cobalt, and ammonia. These space resources, distinct from their space territorial and celestial bodies loci, need to be located, characterized, captured, processed, concentrated, and transported to points of use in-situ or on Earth by capable state and private space investors, stakeholders, or national agencies, for private benefits. Investors in this embryonic space mining industry need legal certainty and predictability under unambiguous legal and policy frameworks that guarantee property interests over extracted minerals. The Problem is …
Mitigating School Violence Through The Lens Of School Officials In Southern States, Faith Derrick
Mitigating School Violence Through The Lens Of School Officials In Southern States, Faith Derrick
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to understand the threats of school violence to children and school personnel employed in the South Central and Southeastern part of the United States and to identify strategies to mitigate these threats. The theory that guided this study was Clarke’s (2019) Situational Crime Prevention as it aims to improve the understanding of violence and the impact of potential strategies for the prevention of violence. Data for the thematic analysis were obtained directly from school personnel. The information from the findings could aid in understanding the process of threat assessment to determine if …
“Always Said To Be Of Indian Extraction”: Native/African American Freedom Suits In Virginia 1773-1853, Cress Ann Posten
“Always Said To Be Of Indian Extraction”: Native/African American Freedom Suits In Virginia 1773-1853, Cress Ann Posten
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Freedom suits of enslaved people in Virginia who claimed liberty based upon matrilineal descent from a Native American woman provide a multi-dimensional lens into social, cultural, and legal aspects of colonial and antebellum considerations of race, kinship, and self-determination. Within records of depositions are detailed transcriptions of questions posed to neighbors, family members, acquaintances of enslavers, and slaveowners themselves. Answers reveal a nuanced and complicated set of opinions concerning who had a right to freedom. Local memory banks overflowed with detailed descriptions of the plaintiff and his or her native ancestress, including skin color, hair texture, and manners. Within isolated …
From Lau To Now: A Phenomenological Study Of The Experiences Of Secondary Educators With Monolingual Driven Language Laws, Brooke Elizabeth Boutwell
From Lau To Now: A Phenomenological Study Of The Experiences Of Secondary Educators With Monolingual Driven Language Laws, Brooke Elizabeth Boutwell
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the influence of monolingually biased federal language policies on English language learners and secondary educators in a middle school in the Oceana School District. The theory guiding this study was Richard Ruiz’s Orientations in Language Planning as it pertains to ideology behind language policy. The transcendental phenomenological study was conducted in the Oceana School district at Waves Middle School. Participants included seven middle school content teachers, a school administrator, and two English as a second language specialists. All participants were chosen based on the criteria of having worked in the Oceana …
Recidivism Among Rehabilitated Offenders With Mental Illness: A Quantitative Study, Robert Olando Walker
Recidivism Among Rehabilitated Offenders With Mental Illness: A Quantitative Study, Robert Olando Walker
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Offenders with severe mental illness (SMI) found a place within the criminal justice system (CJS) with its most crucial objectives including the reduction of recidivism among discharged offenders and their safe reintegration into a free community as rehabilitated offenders. Beyond the monetary costs of recidivism, the continued potential for criminality among offenders with mental illness (OMI) added enormous costs to all law-abiding citizens and their respective communities. However, no study was found in the literature that attempted to investigate the relationship between recidivism and the successful rehabilitation of patients with mental illness. Those found involved offenders without mental illness and …
The Impact Of Juvenile Transfer Laws, Kerina Lynn Ibarra
The Impact Of Juvenile Transfer Laws, Kerina Lynn Ibarra
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This study will examine the relationship between juvenile transfer laws, certified juveniles, the criminal justice system, and the potential collateral consequences juveniles face when subjected to juvenile transfer laws. To obtain a deeper understanding of the impact of juvenile transfer laws and their potential collateral consequences, a qualitative study will be conducted utilizing several methods of data collection to include interviews; observations; and textual analysis of adult 1, adult 2, and criminal justice practitioners, to include, jail administrator, corrections officer, police, probation and parole officer, prosecuting attorney, and DOC staff. In the interview process, information will be gathered to contribute …
Challenges Law Enforcement Faces In Utilizing Community Policing To Counter Violent Extremism, Steven Brett Beams
Challenges Law Enforcement Faces In Utilizing Community Policing To Counter Violent Extremism, Steven Brett Beams
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
There has been a rise in violent extremist attacks throughout America since the attack on the World Trade Center in 2001. However, law enforcement has been challenged in developing means and methods to combat the rise in terrorist activities. Using and enhancing community policing strategies have shown promising results in identifying terroristic individuals. A literature review shows that community policing strategies have been effective in combating and reducing violence and may be effective in mitigating terrorist activities. Community policing can be a necessary means for identifying radical individuals involved in terrorist activities. This research proposes to discover an effective and …
Strengthening Community Trust: A Qualitative Exploration Of College-Aged African American Males' Perceptions Of And Experiences With The Police, Craig Vernon Vanclief
Strengthening Community Trust: A Qualitative Exploration Of College-Aged African American Males' Perceptions Of And Experiences With The Police, Craig Vernon Vanclief
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The researcher of this phenomenological qualitative multiple case study aimed to examine how community trust between the police and the community they serve is strengthened based on the perspectives of college-aged African American males. The following research questions that guided this study included what do college-aged African American males see as the most significant opportunities to strengthen the relationship between the police and the community they serve? What do college-aged African American males believe are the most essential steps law enforcement can take to increase community trust and confidence in the police? How can law enforcement foster more community engagement …
Law Enforcement Officers And The Domestic Violence Advocacy Referral Process, Aaron Allen Cubbage
Law Enforcement Officers And The Domestic Violence Advocacy Referral Process, Aaron Allen Cubbage
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Domestic violence incidents impact the daily activities of the law enforcement agencies responsible for responding to these calls for service. Legislators and law enforcement leaders have expended countless hours, staffing, and finances to adequately protect the victims of domestic violence. In Virginia, an essential component of protecting victims of domestic violence involves the referral process, used by law enforcement officers to connect victims of domestic violence to domestic violence advocacy groups. The Code of Virginia and law enforcement agencies receiving accreditation through the Virginia Law Enforcement Professional Standards Commission (VLEPSC) require these referrals. There is available research regarding the referral …
The Dark Web And Human Trafficking, Jamie Kay Graham
The Dark Web And Human Trafficking, Jamie Kay Graham
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This is a quantitative-comparative analysis that focuses on Artificial Intelligence (AI) platforms that assist law enforcement agencies as they combat human trafficking. Human trafficking is a Transnational Organized Crime (TOC) which means it can impact every country in the world, and in doing so, impact every person in the world. AI uses machine-learning capabilities to identify clusters, odd and/or unusual font, words, numbers, and other markers in advertisements that promote the sale of human beings. Human trafficking affects males, females, and children of all ages and can include different types of trafficking such as sex and labor trafficking. By using …
A Quantitative Research Study On Probability Risk Assessments In Critical Infrastructure And Homeland Security, Alfred B. Lee
A Quantitative Research Study On Probability Risk Assessments In Critical Infrastructure And Homeland Security, Alfred B. Lee
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This dissertation encompassed quantitative research on probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) elements in homeland security and the impact on critical infrastructure and key resources. There are 16 crucial infrastructure sectors in homeland security that represent assets, system networks, virtual and physical environments, roads and bridges, transportation, and air travel. The design included the Bayes theorem, a process used in PRAs when determining potential or probable events, causes, outcomes, and risks. The goal is to mitigate the effects of domestic terrorism and natural and man-made disasters, respond to events related to critical infrastructure that can impact the United States, and help protect …
The Relationship Between Servant Leadership And Self-Efficacy Among Law Enforcement Officers In Western North Carolina, Anthony Scott Teague
The Relationship Between Servant Leadership And Self-Efficacy Among Law Enforcement Officers In Western North Carolina, Anthony Scott Teague
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The role of a servant united with the role of a leader, combines to form the servant leader. The term self-efficacy is defined as a person’s belief in the ability within a specific situation to be successful. The purpose of this quantitative non-experimental correlational descriptive research study was to discover law enforcement officers’ perception regarding the influence of the servant leader behaviors of their immediate supervisor on the officers’ own self-efficacy level in law enforcement officers located in western North Carolina. Law enforcement officers who attended training at two community colleges in western North Carolina was surveyed for this study. …
A Quantitative Study On Officer Proactivity Before And After Body-Worn Cameras Using Archived Data, Jessica Renee Smith
A Quantitative Study On Officer Proactivity Before And After Body-Worn Cameras Using Archived Data, Jessica Renee Smith
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This quantitative study aimed to determine if traffic stops and self-initiated activities for first-line patrol officers, from a large police agency in the Southern United States, decreased after body-worn cameras (BWCs) were issued. Additionally, this study attempted to determine if there was an effect on the crime rate after the cameras were issued. Body-worn cameras have been considered as a device to improve police-citizen relationships. While numerous studies find the cameras useful; some drawbacks regarding the BWCs are beginning to surface. The importance of this study will allow department leaders to make certain that body-worn cameras are adding value and …
The Consent Of The Governed: Constitutionalism Of The Levellers And Its Influence On Anglo-American Political Discourse, Nathan B. Gilson
The Consent Of The Governed: Constitutionalism Of The Levellers And Its Influence On Anglo-American Political Discourse, Nathan B. Gilson
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
More fully understanding the Levellers suggests a new framework for understanding Anglo-American constitutionalism and jurisprudence. There was a logical progression in their constitutional thought, by which the exigent developments of the 1640s conflict continually pushed the Levellers to articulate new constitutional propositions. It eventually led them to a fully developed contractual theory for the origins of society based on the continuing consent of the People, including the rights to revolution and resistance, within a natural rights framework. The Levellers argued for limitations on the sovereignty of the government by the People, as opposed to the position of the Monarchists, Independents, …
The Effects Of Physical Fitness Policies On Law Enforcement Officers' Physical Fitness Levels, Tina M. Hall
The Effects Of Physical Fitness Policies On Law Enforcement Officers' Physical Fitness Levels, Tina M. Hall
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Most law enforcement agencies have minimum physical standards for new hires; however, few agencies have physical fitness standards for members once they are hired. Many law enforcement officers experience a decrease in physical fitness levels as their years of law enforcement service increase. The decrease in physical fitness levels causes a reduction in the ability to perform job duties and increases health consequences. This study explored the relationship of physical fitness levels of sworn law enforcement members from agencies with and without enforced physical fitness standards. Anonymous surveys were completed by 1240 sworn law enforcement officers from eight state law …
The Impact On Crime Rate During A Period Of Covid-19 Induced Jail Booking Restrictions, Nathan A. Jendrick
The Impact On Crime Rate During A Period Of Covid-19 Induced Jail Booking Restrictions, Nathan A. Jendrick
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
COVID-19 has become a catalyst for profound changes not just in public health but in criminal justice as well. To reduce the close-quarters populations of correctional facilities in an effort to reduce the spread of the virus, law enforcement administrators in the Pacific Northwest have significantly limited the opportunity to make custodial arrests of criminal suspects. The effect on crime rate by not booking suspected criminals for misdemeanor and felony crimes alike remained largely unstudied. To assess this intervention, a paired samples t-test was used after acquiring call volume data for 13 crime types from the dispatch communications center of …
The Evolution, Expansion, And Effects Of Intellectual Property Rights At American Higher Education Institutions: A Historical Context Of Legislation And Case Law At Harvard And Yale Universities, Lucia Antoinette Shipley
The Evolution, Expansion, And Effects Of Intellectual Property Rights At American Higher Education Institutions: A Historical Context Of Legislation And Case Law At Harvard And Yale Universities, Lucia Antoinette Shipley
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This dissertation used a historical research method to examine the rise of the centuries-long complex construct of intellectual property ownership through the lenses of American institutions of higher learning and the American legal system, the latter of which attributing its involvement in intellectual property rights once the principle of ownership became equated with the profit of ownership. Because universities are the traditional factories for innovation, this phenomenon within this expanse of time can be better understood by focusing on two historical research institutions. The universities of Harvard and Yale were explored due to their operational and intellectual property experiences mirroring …
The Relationship Between Virginia School Divisions’ Anti-Bullying Policy Scores And The Percentage Of Student Offenses Of Bullying, Amber M. Zachry
The Relationship Between Virginia School Divisions’ Anti-Bullying Policy Scores And The Percentage Of Student Offenses Of Bullying, Amber M. Zachry
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
State laws and policies that adhere to U.S. Department of Education (USDOE)-recommended anti-bullying legislative components have been found to reduce rates of bullying in schools. No longer considered a normal or tolerated part of childhood and adolescence, state legislation and local policy regarding bullying have experienced substantial growth over the last decade. Consequently, state laws and local policies are currently a critical component in response to bullying behavior and yet, there is limited research that has investigated the relationship between anti-bullying policies and the prevalence of bullying. The purpose of this correlational study was to determine whether a relationship exists …
Qualitative Collective Case Study Of Targeted Violence Preparedness At Institutions Of Higher Education, Tim Gunter
Qualitative Collective Case Study Of Targeted Violence Preparedness At Institutions Of Higher Education, Tim Gunter
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
An increase in targeted violence incidents (TVIs), primarily active shooter events, at institutions of higher education (IHEs) has exposed gaps in campus security plan preparation and exercises. The purpose of this qualitative collective case study was to discover barriers to and best practices of universities and colleges conducting security preparedness activities for TVIs. The theory that guided this study was vested interest theory which predicts how attitudes will influence behavior in a commitment to preparedness fundamentals. The setting for this study was two institutions of higher education along the East Coast of the United States. Data collection techniques included site …
Qualitative Legal Research: Issues Pertaining To Student Use Of Personal Handheld Technology, Corie Franklin
Qualitative Legal Research: Issues Pertaining To Student Use Of Personal Handheld Technology, Corie Franklin
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
In an effort to support school leaders in policy development, this research is an evaluation of jurisprudence related to student use of personal handheld devices. The qualitative legal analyses of 15 recent court cases representing both federal and state jurisdictions were analyzed to determine patterns and trends within the decisions of the courts. The researcher sought to identify the following: The way the U.S. courts addressed the balance between students' civil liberties and the interest of school officials in maintaining and operating safe, orderly, efficient, and effective learning environments. The identifiable trends within the legal cases related to student use …
How To Get To The Other Side Of Emotional Pain, Ronnie Moore
How To Get To The Other Side Of Emotional Pain, Ronnie Moore
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this dissertation is to provide a resource of approaches to deal with pain and guide in the direction of getting to the other side of pain. This project is used from a journey of painful events. The study is performed from literature, research and personal experiences. Therefore, this dissertation will provide and allow a person a valuable resource to deal with emotional pain and painful situations as well as provide several tools to get to the other side of emotional pain. It will also show how to understand emotional pain and work through the most devastating hurt …