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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
Full-Text Articles in Law
Junk Evidence: A Call To Scrutinize Historical Cell Site Location Evidence, Victoria Saxe
Junk Evidence: A Call To Scrutinize Historical Cell Site Location Evidence, Victoria Saxe
The University of New Hampshire Law Review
Historical cell site location information (CSLI) has been offered as objective, scientific location evidence in criminal trials, but is far less precise than the claims it is used to support. Not only is there no way to pinpoint a cellphone’s precise geographic location from historical CSLI, but there are also no known validation or error rates for the methodologies used to collect and analyze this data. A 2019 telecommunications scandal in Denmark revealed gross inadequacies in the cellphone data and software used by law enforcement to analyze this type of evidence. The scandal sent shockwaves through the country’s legal community …
The Due Process Protections Act: Is The Juice Worth The Squeeze?, Allyson Benko
The Due Process Protections Act: Is The Juice Worth The Squeeze?, Allyson Benko
SLU Law Journal Online
President Trump signed the Due Process Protections Act into law on October 21, 2020. Allyson Benko discusses how Federal judges must now remind prosecutors on the record of their obligation under Brady v. Maryland to disclose exculpatory evidence to the defense in every criminal case.
Professor Jeffrey Bellin: Reflections On The Fall 2020 Semester, Jeffrey Bellin
Professor Jeffrey Bellin: Reflections On The Fall 2020 Semester, Jeffrey Bellin
Law School Personal Reflections on COVID-19
No abstract provided.
Unbuckling The Seat Belt Defense In Arkansas, Spencer G. Dougherty
Unbuckling The Seat Belt Defense In Arkansas, Spencer G. Dougherty
Arkansas Law Review
The “seat belt defense” has been hotly litigated over the decades in numerous jurisdictions across the United States. It is an affirmative defense that, when allowed, reduces a plaintiff’s recovery for personal injuries resulting from an automobile collision where the defendant can establish that those injuries would have been less severe or avoided entirely had the plaintiff been wearing an available seat belt. This is an unsettled legal issue in Arkansas, despite the growing number of cases in which the seat belt defense is raised as an issue. Most jurisdictions, including Arkansas, initially rejected the defense, but the basis for …
Is This A Christian Nation?: Virtual Symposium September 25, 2020, Roger Williams University School Of Law
Is This A Christian Nation?: Virtual Symposium September 25, 2020, Roger Williams University School Of Law
School of Law Conferences, Lectures & Events
No abstract provided.
Machine-Generated Evidence, G. Alexander Nunn
Machine-Generated Evidence, G. Alexander Nunn
Faculty Scholarship
Person-based evidence is no longer the monolith it once was. With technological advancement has come the rise of so-called "machine-generated evidence." Unlike traditional forms of evidence, the reliability of machine-generated evidence primarily depends not on any person’s actions—neither the quality of their perceptions nor their ability to carry out tasks—but instead on the standardized processes and mechanisms internal to the machine that produced it. As technological advancement continues apace, and new, innovative forms of machine-generated evidence reach the courtroom, judges and lawyers will be required to respond in two important ways.
First must come awareness of the unique nature of …
The Acquisition Of Scientific Evidence Between Frye And Daubert. From Ad Hominem Arguments To Cross-Examination Among Experts, Lorenzo Zoppellari
The Acquisition Of Scientific Evidence Between Frye And Daubert. From Ad Hominem Arguments To Cross-Examination Among Experts, Lorenzo Zoppellari
OSSA Conference Archive
The Frye and Daubert rulings give us two very different ways to intend the relation between law and science. Through the contributions of Wellman and Walton, we will see how the main method to question the expert’s testimony before a judge deferent to science is to question her personal integrity by using ad hominem arguments. Otherwise, using Alvin Goldman’s novice/expert problem, we will investigate if other manners of argumentative cross-examinations are possible.
The Incomplete Rule Of Completeness: Taking A Stand On Federal Rule Of Evidence 106, Louisa Heiny, Emily Nuvan
The Incomplete Rule Of Completeness: Taking A Stand On Federal Rule Of Evidence 106, Louisa Heiny, Emily Nuvan
Utah Law Faculty Scholarship
The common law Rule of Completeness served an important role in Anglo-American jurisprudence for centuries. Historically, it was a rule guided by principles of fundamental fairness and was designed to prevent parties from introducing incomplete and misleading statements at trial.
What was once a simple rule has been muddled by Federal Rule of Evidence 106. The common law rule language was lost when Rule 106 was drafted, and there is no agreement as to what portion of the common law survived and what was left behind. Particularly problematic are the issues of whether Rule 106 applies to oral as well …
Reviving “Dead Letters”: Reimagining Federal Rule Of Evidence 410 As A Conditional Privilege, Peter G. Cornick
Reviving “Dead Letters”: Reimagining Federal Rule Of Evidence 410 As A Conditional Privilege, Peter G. Cornick
Vanderbilt Law Review
Though understudied relative to its fellow specialized relevance rules, Federal Rule of Evidence 410 protects a crucial element of the criminal justice system: plea negotiations. As written, the rule prevents the admission of evidence gathered during plea discussions, which helps assure criminal defendants that their candid discussions with prosecutors will not harm them in any future proceeding. But the Supreme Court has greatly weakened Rule 410, permitting broad waiver of the rule’s protections that run afoul of Congress’s purpose in creating the rule and its plain language. In light of these developments, the Note argues that Rule 410 should be …
Evidence, Arrest Circumstances, And Felony Cocaine Case Processing, Jacqueline G. Lee, Alexander Testa
Evidence, Arrest Circumstances, And Felony Cocaine Case Processing, Jacqueline G. Lee, Alexander Testa
Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Case evidence and situational arrest characteristics are widely speculated to influence courtroom actor decisions, yet such measures are infrequently included in research. Using new data on felony cocaine cases from an urban county in a Southern non-guideline state, this study examines how physical evidence and arrest circumstances affect three stages of case processing: initial charge type, charge reduction, and sentence length. The influence of evidence appeared strongest at the early stage when prosecutors chose the appropriate charge, though certain evidentiary and arrest measures continued to influence later decisions. Charge reductions were driven mostly by legal factors, and while guilt should …
Confronting Memory Loss, Paul F. Rothstein, Ronald J. Coleman
Confronting Memory Loss, Paul F. Rothstein, Ronald J. Coleman
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment grants “the accused” in “all criminal prosecutions” a right “to be confronted with the witnesses against him.” A particular problem occurs when there is a gap in time between the testimony that is offered, and the cross-examination of it, as where, pursuant to a hearsay exception or exemption, evidence of a current witness’s prior statement is offered and for some intervening reason her current memory is impaired. Does this fatally affect the opportunity to “confront” the witness? The Supreme Court has, to date, left unclear the extent to which a memory-impaired witness can …
Deciding, ‘What Happened?’ When We Don’T Really Know: Finding Theoretical Grounding For Legitimate Judicial Fact-Finding, Nayha Acharya
Deciding, ‘What Happened?’ When We Don’T Really Know: Finding Theoretical Grounding For Legitimate Judicial Fact-Finding, Nayha Acharya
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
The crucial question for many legal disputes is “what happened,”? and there is often no easy answer. Fact-finding is an uncertain endeavor and risk of inaccuracy is inevitable. As such, I ask, on what basis can we accept the legitimacy of judicial fact-findings. I conclude that acceptable factual determinations depend on adherence to a legitimate process of fact-finding. Adopting Jürgen Habermas’s insights, I offer a theoretical grounding for the acceptability of judicial fact-finding. The theory holds that legal processes must embody respect for legal subjects as equal and autonomous agents. This necessitates two procedural features. First, fact-finding processes must be …
Confession Obsession: How To Protect Minors In Interrogations, Cindy Chau
Confession Obsession: How To Protect Minors In Interrogations, Cindy Chau
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
As Pertains To The Criminal Justice System, Is Hindsight 20/20?, Syndie G. E. Molina, Cristina Negrillo
As Pertains To The Criminal Justice System, Is Hindsight 20/20?, Syndie G. E. Molina, Cristina Negrillo
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
The Methodology Of Social Adaptation Following The Liberation Of A Wrongful Conviction, Ashantwa Jackman
The Methodology Of Social Adaptation Following The Liberation Of A Wrongful Conviction, Ashantwa Jackman
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Caveat Emptor: Real Property Law’S “Get Out Of Jail Free” Card V. The Property Condition Disclosure Act, Alessandra E. Albano
Caveat Emptor: Real Property Law’S “Get Out Of Jail Free” Card V. The Property Condition Disclosure Act, Alessandra E. Albano
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
See No Evil: A Look At Florida's Legislative Response To Holding Hotels Civilly Liable For "Turning A Blind Eye" To The Sex Trafficking Monster Hiding Behind Closed Doors, Lori N. Ross
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Unfit To Parent: American And Jewish Legal Perspectives, Michoel Zylberman, Karen K. Greenberg, Daniel Pollack
Unfit To Parent: American And Jewish Legal Perspectives, Michoel Zylberman, Karen K. Greenberg, Daniel Pollack
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Lie To Me: Examining Specific Intent Under 18 U.S.C. §§ 1001, 1035
Lie To Me: Examining Specific Intent Under 18 U.S.C. §§ 1001, 1035
Florida A & M University Law Review
One court notes that the Supreme Court of the United States (“SCOTUS”) has previously not found specific intent to be required under similar language within Section 1001.9 While there are many similarities between Sections 1001 and 1035, there are salient differences. Notwithstanding the differences, this Article argues that Sections 1001 and 1035 should be interpreted without “intent to deceive” and rather be interpreted as a strict liability offense. This argument began with Part I, which provided a brief introduction regarding specific intent under Sections 1001 and 1035. Part II examines the purpose of criminalizing false statements, which identifies why the …
Co-Worker Evidence In Court, Sandra F. Sperino
Co-Worker Evidence In Court, Sandra F. Sperino
Saint Louis University Law Journal
This symposium explores ways to empower workers. Many employment laws rely on workers filing private rights of action to enforce the underlying substantive law. Unfortunately, when workers file these claims in court, courts often do not allow them to rely on evidence from their co-workers. While courts regularly allow employers to submit co-worker evidence of a plaintiff’s poor performance or lack of qualifications, they often diminish or exclude a plaintiff’s co-worker evidence that the plaintiff performed well or possessed desired qualifications. This Article identifies and explores this evidentiary inequality. It argues that efforts to empower workers must include the power …
Exporting American Discovery, Yanbai Andrea Wang
Exporting American Discovery, Yanbai Andrea Wang
All Faculty Scholarship
This Article presents the first comprehensive study of an intriguing and increasingly pervasive practice that is transforming civil litigation worldwide: US judges now routinely compel discovery in this country and make it available for disputes and parties not before US courts. In the past decade and a half, federal courts have received and granted thousands of such discovery requests for use in foreign civil proceedings governed by different procedural rules. I call this global role played by US courts the “export” of American discovery.
This Article compiles and analyzes a dataset of over three thousand foreign discovery requests filed between …
A Theory Of Factfinding: The Logic For Processing Evidence, Kevin M. Clermont
A Theory Of Factfinding: The Logic For Processing Evidence, Kevin M. Clermont
Marquette Law Review
Academics have never agreed on a theory of proof. The darkest corner of anyone’s theory has concerned how legal decisionmakers logically should find facts. This Article pries open that cognitive black box. It does so by employing multivalent logic, which enables it to overcome the traditional probability problems that impeded all prior attempts. The result is the first-ever exposure of the proper logic for finding a fact or a case’s facts.
Escaping The Fingerprint Crisis: A Blueprint For Essential Research, Meghan J. Ryan
Escaping The Fingerprint Crisis: A Blueprint For Essential Research, Meghan J. Ryan
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
There is a fingerprint crisis in the courts. Judges and jurors regularly convict criminal defendants based on fingerprint evidence, but there are serious questions about the accuracy and reliability of this evidence. The few studies delving into the accuracy and reliability of fingerprint examiners’ work suggest a high error rate and demonstrate that, when faced with the same prints under different conditions, fingerprint examiners frequently reach different results than they previously reached. Further, there is no scientific basis for fingerprint matching. It is unknown whether and to what extent fingerprints are unique; the degree to which fingerprints change under various …
Evidence, Rollie Thompson
Evidence, Rollie Thompson
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
“Evidence” is what, in our adversary system, the parties attempt to place before the neutral factfinder in order to prove their case (or disprove their opponent's case). We follow the principle of party-presentation: parties determine what specific items of evidence are offered for proof, while the impartial judge or decision maker will determine which items are “admissible” evidence, in accordance with principles of law. At the end of the trial or hearing, the fact-finder (jury, judge, tribunal, decision maker) will determine which of those admissible items of evidence are believed or not, in formulating “fact-guesses” or “findings of fact”.
Saving America’S Privacy Rights: Why Carpenter V. United States Was Wrongly Decided And Why Courts Should Be Promoting Legislative Reform Rather Than Extending Existing Privacy Jurisprudence, David Stone
St. Mary's Law Journal
Privacy rights are under assault, but the Supreme Court’s judicial intervention into the issue, starting with Katz v. United States and leading to the Carpenter v. United States decision has created an inconsistent, piecemeal common law of privacy that forestalls a systematic public policy resolution by Congress and the states. In order to reach a satisfactory and longlasting resolution of the problem consistent with separation of powers principles, the states should consider a constitutional amendment that reduces the danger of pervasive technologyaided surveillance and monitoring, together with a series of statutes addressing each new issue posed by technological change as …
The Fourth Amendment Inventory As A Check On Digital Searches, Laurent Sacharoff
The Fourth Amendment Inventory As A Check On Digital Searches, Laurent Sacharoff
Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship
Police and federal agents generally must obtain a warrant to search the tens of thousands of devices they seize each year. But once they have a warrant, courts afford these officers broad leeway to search the entire device, every file and folder, all metadata and deleted data, even if in search of only one incriminating file. Courts avow great reverence for the privacy of personal information under the Fourth Amendment but then claim there is no way to limit where an officer might find the target files, or know where the suspect may have hidden them.
These courts have a …
The Cat Is Already Out Of The Bag: Resolving The Circuit Split Over The Dangerous Patient Exception To The Psychotherapist–Patient Privilege, Blake R. Hills
The Cat Is Already Out Of The Bag: Resolving The Circuit Split Over The Dangerous Patient Exception To The Psychotherapist–Patient Privilege, Blake R. Hills
University of Baltimore Law Review
No abstract provided.
Mr. Big And The New Common Law Confessions Rule: Five Years In Review, Adelina Iftene, Vanessa Kinnear
Mr. Big And The New Common Law Confessions Rule: Five Years In Review, Adelina Iftene, Vanessa Kinnear
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
The Supreme Court of Canada released its decision of R v Hart in July of 2014. The decision provided a two-prong framework for assessing the admissibility of confessions obtained through the undercover police tactic known as “Mr. Big”. The goal of the framework was to address reliability concerns, to protect suspects from state abuse, and to reduce the risk of wrongful convictions. The first prong of the test created a new common law evidentiary rule, under which Mr. Big obtained confessions are now presumptively inadmissible. The second prong revamped the existing abuse of process doctrine.
In this article, the authors …
Direct Evidence Of A Sherman Act Agreement, William H. Page
Direct Evidence Of A Sherman Act Agreement, William H. Page
UF Law Faculty Publications
In cases that allege price fixing or other per se violations of Section 1 of the Sherman Act, courts usually begin their opinions by saying there is no direct evidence of agreement—evidence like a “recorded phone call” that is “explicit and requires no inferences to establish” that the necessary direct communications occurred. Only at that point do the courts turn to the sufficiency of the inferences of agreement from circumstantial evidence. Courts highlight the absence of direct evidence of agreement in this way because of its special role on motions to dismiss or for summary judgment, when courts do not …
Race And Reasonableness In Police Killings, Jeffrey A. Fagan, Alexis D. Campbell
Race And Reasonableness In Police Killings, Jeffrey A. Fagan, Alexis D. Campbell
Faculty Scholarship
Police officers in the United States have killed over 1000 civilians each year since 2013. The constitutional landscape that regulates these encounters defaults to the judgments of the reasonable police officer at the time of a civilian encounter based on the officer’s assessment of whether threats to their safety or the safety of others requires deadly force. As many of these killings have begun to occur under similar circumstances, scholars have renewed a contentious debate on whether police disproportionately use deadly force against African Americans and other nonwhite civilians and whether such killings reflect racial bias. We analyze data on …