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Articles 1 - 30 of 73
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Ncaa’S Lost Cause And The Legal Ease Of Redefining Amateurism, Virginia A. Fitt
The Ncaa’S Lost Cause And The Legal Ease Of Redefining Amateurism, Virginia A. Fitt
Duke Law Journal
The recent resolution of the Andrew Oliver case may mark the death throes of the NCAA's no-agent rule, prohibiting college athletes from retaining agents in professional contract negotiations, and perhaps the traditional paradigm of amateurism in sport. In light of the trial court's ruling, as well as continuing calls for the revocation of the NCAA's tax-exempt status, the time is ripe for a reexamination of amateurism and the law. This Note argues that the NCAA has developed a complicated web of largely unenforceable rules and regulations that are unnecessary to maintain tax-exempt status in light of the regulatory environment. This …
Constitutional Limits On Private Policing And The State’S Allocation Of Force, M. Rhead Enion
Constitutional Limits On Private Policing And The State’S Allocation Of Force, M. Rhead Enion
Duke Law Journal
This Note argues that a variety of "private police" forces, such as university patrols and residential security guards, should. be held to the constitutional limitations found in the Bill of Rights. These private police act as arms of the state by supplying force in response to a public demand for order and security. The state, as sovereign, retains responsibility to allocate force, in the form of either public or private police, in response to public demand. This state responsibility-a facet of its police power-is evidenced throughout English and American history. When this force responds to a public demand for order …
The Limits Of Advocacy, Amanda Frost
The Limits Of Advocacy, Amanda Frost
Duke Law Journal
Party control over case presentation is regularly cited as a defining characteristic of the American adversarial system. Accordingly, American judges are strongly discouraged from engaging in so-called "issue creation"-that is, raising legal claims and arguments that the parties have overlooked or ignored-on the ground that doing so is antithetical to an adversarial legal culture that values litigant autonomy and prohibits agenda setting by judges. And yet, despite the rhetoric, federal judges regularly inject new legal issues into ongoing cases. Landmark Supreme Court decisions such as Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins and Mapp v. Ohio were decided on grounds never raised …
Not Peace, But A Sword: Navy V. Egan And The Case Against Judicial Abdication In Foreign Affairs, Jason Rathod
Not Peace, But A Sword: Navy V. Egan And The Case Against Judicial Abdication In Foreign Affairs, Jason Rathod
Duke Law Journal
In the United States' system of separation of powers, the judiciary must safeguard the rights of individuals from abuses by the political branches of government. Yet, when it comes to matters touching foreign affairs, scholars such as John Yoo and jurists such as Antonin Scalia argue that the executive branch is entitled to virtually unreviewable discretion. They point to Navy v. Egan for support. There, the Court held that an administrative body that hears appeals from adverse actions against government employees was precluded from reviewing the merits of security clearance determinations because the executive branch deserves "super-strong" deference in foreign …
Cybersieves, Derek E. Bambauer
Cybersieves, Derek E. Bambauer
Duke Law Journal
This Article offers a process-based method to assess Internet censorship that is compatible with different value sets about what content should be blocked. Whereas China's Internet censorship receives considerable attention, censorship in the United States and other democratic countries is largely ignored. The Internet is increasingly fragmented by nations' different value judgments about what content is unacceptable. Countries differ not in their intent to censor material-from political dissent in Iran to copyrighted songs in America-but in the content they target, how precisely they block it, and how involved their citizens are in these choices. Previous scholars have analyzed Internet censorship …
How The Dissent Becomes The Majority: Using Federalism To Transform Coalitions In The U.S. Supreme Court, Vanessa Baird, Tonja Jacobi
How The Dissent Becomes The Majority: Using Federalism To Transform Coalitions In The U.S. Supreme Court, Vanessa Baird, Tonja Jacobi
Duke Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Reasonableness Meets Requirements: Regulating Security And Privacy In Software, Paul N. Otto
Reasonableness Meets Requirements: Regulating Security And Privacy In Software, Paul N. Otto
Duke Law Journal
Software security and privacy issues regularly grab headlines amid fears of identity theft, data breaches, and threats to security. Policymakers have responded with a variety of approaches to combat such risk. Suggested measures include promulgation of strict rules, enactment of open-ended standards, and, at times, abstention in favor of allowing market forces to intervene. This Note lays out the basis for understanding how both policymakers and engineers should proceed in an increasingly software-dependent society. After explaining what distinguishes software-based systems from other objects of regulation, this Note argues that policymakers should pursue standards-based approaches to regulating software security and privacy. …
Living Originalism, Thomas B. Colby, Peter J. Smith
Living Originalism, Thomas B. Colby, Peter J. Smith
Duke Law Journal
Originalists routinely argue that originalism is the only coherent and legitimate theory of constitutional interpretation. This Article endeavors to undermine those claims by demonstrating that, despite the suggestion of originalist rhetoric, originalism is not a single, coherent, unified theory of constitutional interpretation, but is rather a disparate collection of distinct constitutional theories that share little more than a misleading reliance on a common label. Originalists generally agree only on certain very broad precepts that serve as the fundamental underlying principles of constitutional interpretation: specifically, that the "writtenness" of the Constitution necessitates a fixed constitutional meaning, and that courts that see …
Making Amends: Amending The Icsid Convention To Reconcile Competing Interests In International Investment Law, Kate M. Supnik
Making Amends: Amending The Icsid Convention To Reconcile Competing Interests In International Investment Law, Kate M. Supnik
Duke Law Journal
Globalization has increased international investment activity, but no unified legal framework governs international investments. After several attempts to establish a multilateral investment framework, prospective parties remain unable to reach a consensus on a viable system to address investor and state rights. Developed, capital-exporting states wish to protect their citizens' investments, whereas developing states simultaneously seek to attract investments and maintain regulatory autonomy. In the absence of a comprehensive agreement, bilateral investment treaties serve as the primary legal instruments setting forth the terms of cross-border investments. These treaties often grant private investors the right to file claims before the International Centre …
Rescuing The Hero: The Ramifications Of Expanding The Duty To Rescue On Society And The Law, Amelia H. Ashton
Rescuing The Hero: The Ramifications Of Expanding The Duty To Rescue On Society And The Law, Amelia H. Ashton
Duke Law Journal
The ongoing debate about the legal duty to rescue another person in peril is fraught with a familiar tension. On one side stands the traditional and distinctly American determination that freedom from such a duty is essential, that the technical rules of tort law and self-preservation instincts disdain such a requirement, and that the postulates of religion and morality are sure to fill in any legal gaps. On the other, a more recent humanitarian perspective-seen in revisions to the Restatement, case law, and some state statutes-advocates for requiring easy rescue, positing that religiously inspired morality and public good-doing are unlikely, …
The Fiduciary Duty In Mutual Fund Excessive Fee Cases: Ripe For Reexamination, Emily D. Johnson
The Fiduciary Duty In Mutual Fund Excessive Fee Cases: Ripe For Reexamination, Emily D. Johnson
Duke Law Journal
Congress imposed a fiduciary duty regarding compensation on investment advisors by adding Section 36(b) to the Investment Company Act of 1940. Legislators intended this fiduciary duty to protect mutual fund investors from excessive management fees. It has failed. Mutual fund investors continue to pay significantly higher fees than institutional investors for the same money management services. In Jones v. Harris Associates, decided in 2008, the Seventh Circuit broke with the widely followed, thirty-year-old precedent of Gartenberg v. Merrill Lynch Asset Management. Chief Judge Easterbrook authored the majority opinion and Judge Posner wrote vigorously in dissent. This disagreement between two titans …
Constraining Public Employee Speech: Government’S Control Of Its Workers’ Speech To Protect Its Own Expression, Helen Norton
Constraining Public Employee Speech: Government’S Control Of Its Workers’ Speech To Protect Its Own Expression, Helen Norton
Duke Law Journal
This Article identifies a key doctrinal shift in courts' treatment Of public employees' First Amendment claims-a shift that imperils the public's interest in transparent government as well as the free speech rights of more than twenty million government workers. In the past, courts interpreted the First Amendment to permit governmental discipline of public employee speech on matters of public interest only when such speech undermined the government employer's interest in efficiently providing public services. In contrast, courts now increasingly focus on-and defer to-government's claim to control its workers' expression to protect its own speech. More specifically, courts increasingly permit government …
When Insiders Become Outsiders: Parental Objections To Public School Sex Education Programs, Emily J. Brown
When Insiders Become Outsiders: Parental Objections To Public School Sex Education Programs, Emily J. Brown
Duke Law Journal
This Note argues that parents' fundamental right to direct their children's moral and educational upbringing includes the right to exempt their children from objectionable sex education programs in public schools. Schools usurp parents' fundamental rights when they unilaterally introduce children to topics of human sexuality without parental notice or permission. Alleged violations of these rights merit strict scrutiny review from courts. When parents' objections are confined to discrete, tangible events, parents are constitutionally entitled to exempt their children from objectionable activities. The efficacy of this constitutional relief is more limited, however, when parental objections are pervasive and unassociated with a …
The Nlrb In Administrative Law Exile: Problems With Its Structure And Function And Suggestions For Reform, Catherine L. Fisk, Deborah C. Malamud
The Nlrb In Administrative Law Exile: Problems With Its Structure And Function And Suggestions For Reform, Catherine L. Fisk, Deborah C. Malamud
Duke Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Pitfalls Of Empirical Studies That Attempt To Understand The Factors Affecting Appellate Decisionmaking, Harry T. Edwards, Michael A. Livermore
Pitfalls Of Empirical Studies That Attempt To Understand The Factors Affecting Appellate Decisionmaking, Harry T. Edwards, Michael A. Livermore
Duke Law Journal
No abstract provided.
A More Perfect System: The 2002 Reforms Of The Board Of Immigration Appeals, John D. Ashcroft, Kris W. Kobach
A More Perfect System: The 2002 Reforms Of The Board Of Immigration Appeals, John D. Ashcroft, Kris W. Kobach
Duke Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Depoliticizing Administrative Law, Cass R. Sunstein, Thomas J. Miles
Depoliticizing Administrative Law, Cass R. Sunstein, Thomas J. Miles
Duke Law Journal
A large body of empirical evidence demonstrates that judicial review of agency action is highly politicized in the sense that Republican appointees are significantly more likely to invalidate liberal agency decisions than conservative ones, while Democratic appointees are significantly more likely to invalidate conservative agency decisions than liberal ones. These results hold for both (a) judicial review of agency interpretations of law and (b) judicial review of agency decisions for "arbitrariness" on questions of policy and fact. On the federal courts of appeals, the most highly politicized voting patterns are found on unified panels, that is, on panels consisting solely …
Comment On Professor Yoo, Administration Of War, Richard H. Kohn
Comment On Professor Yoo, Administration Of War, Richard H. Kohn
Duke Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Political Control Of Federal Prosecutions: Looking Back And Looking Forward, Daniel Richman
Political Control Of Federal Prosecutions: Looking Back And Looking Forward, Daniel Richman
Duke Law Journal
This Essay explores the mechanisms of control over federal criminal enforcement that the administration and Congress used or failed to use during George W. Bush's presidency. It gives particular attention to Congress, not because legislators played a dominant role, but because they generally chose to play such a subordinate role. My fear is that the media focus on management inadequacies or abuses within the Justice Department during the Bush administration might lead policymakers and observers to overlook the hard questions that remain about how the federal criminal bureaucracy should be structured and guided during a period of rapidly shifting priorities …
The Parliament Of The Experts, Adrian Vermeule
The Parliament Of The Experts, Adrian Vermeule
Duke Law Journal
In the administrative state, how should expert opinions be aggregated and used? If a panel of experts is unanimous on a question of fact, causation, or prediction, can an administrative agency rationally disagree, and on what grounds? If experts are split into a majority view and a minority view, must the agency follow the majority? Should reviewing courts limit agency discretion to select among the conflicting views of experts, or to depart from expert consensus? I argue that voting by expert panels is likely, on average, to be epistemically superior to the substantive judgment of agency heads, in determining questions …
Federalism Accountability: “Agency-Forcing” Measures, Catherine M. Sharkey
Federalism Accountability: “Agency-Forcing” Measures, Catherine M. Sharkey
Duke Law Journal
This Article takes as its starting point the "agency reference model" for judicial preemption decisions, adopting the foundational premise that courts should take advantage of what federal agencies, which are uniquely positioned to evaluate the impact of state regulation and common law liability upon federal regulatory schemes, have to offer. The Article's main focus is on the federalism dimension of the debate: Congress's and federal agencies' respective ability to serve as loci of meaningful debate with state governmental entities about the impact of federal regulatory schemes on state regulatory interests. Notwithstanding the dismal track record of federal agencies, which seems …
Administration Of War, John Yoo
Economic Trends And Judicial Outcomes: A Macrotheory Of The Court, Thomas Brennan, Lee Epstein, Nancy Staudt
Economic Trends And Judicial Outcomes: A Macrotheory Of The Court, Thomas Brennan, Lee Epstein, Nancy Staudt
Duke Law Journal
We investigate the effect of economic conditions on the voting behavior of U.S. Supreme Court Justices. We theorize that Justices are akin to voters in political elections; specifically, we posit that the Justices will view short-term and relatively nit. nor economic downturns-recessions-as attributable to the failures of elected officials, but will consider long-term and extreme economic con tractions-depressions-as the result of exogenous shocks largely beyond the control of the government. Accordingly, we predict two patterns of behavior in economic-related cases that come before the Court: (1) in typical times, when the economy cycles through both recessionary and prosperous periods, the …
A Picture Imperfect: The Rights Of Art Consignor-Collectors When Their Art Dealer Files For Bankruptcy, Hilary Jay
A Picture Imperfect: The Rights Of Art Consignor-Collectors When Their Art Dealer Files For Bankruptcy, Hilary Jay
Duke Law Journal
Bankruptcy law allows third-party creditors of a consignee to attach consigned property in the consignee's possession when the consignee declares bankruptcy unless a consignor has acted to perfect a security interest in the consigned goods by complying with commercial law requirements. The drafters of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) provided for attachment because they wanted to protect third-party creditors from the unwelcome surprise of hidden liens dominating claims to a consignee's property in bankruptcy. Applying this attachment policy overly broadly in the art consignment context creates problems, though, because opportunistic creditors can use the attachment procedure despite having full knowledge …