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Full-Text Articles in Law
Surrogacy And The Politics Of Commodification, Elizabeth S. Scott
Surrogacy And The Politics Of Commodification, Elizabeth S. Scott
Law and Contemporary Problems
Scott explores the history of surrogacy over the past twenty years. She also offers a historical account of the legal and social issues surrounding surrogacy over the past twenty years. She seeks to explain how and why the social and political meanings of surrogacy have changed over the past decade. Furthermore, she examines how surrogacy was framed as commodification in the Baby M context.
The Study Of Law And India’S Society: The Galanter Factor, Robert Moog
The Study Of Law And India’S Society: The Galanter Factor, Robert Moog
Law and Contemporary Problems
Moog pursues three related themes or lines of inquiry that have marked her own research, the roots of which are to be found in Marc Galanter's earlier works and the broader law-and-society movement. These include, the significance of lower courts, the role of the local bar, and the evolution of alternatives to formal court proceedings all represent essential areas for exploration in the attempt to understand the successes and failures of the Indian justice system.
A Holistic Vision Of The Socio-Legal Terrain, Brian Z. Tamanaha
A Holistic Vision Of The Socio-Legal Terrain, Brian Z. Tamanaha
Law and Contemporary Problems
Tamanaha discusses Marc Galanter's holistic vision of the socio-legal terrain. Galanter's socio-legal vision has two central overlapping foci, and he always keeps an eye on each and on their interaction. The first focus is the official state legal system, which he examines from every conceivable angle: who becomes lawyers, how are they trained, how many lawyers are there, what are the circumstances of their work environment, who pays for their services. Galanter also focuses on what they are not doing (intentionally or otherwise), inquiring into the implications and consequences of their inaction. These inquiries extend from the official legal system …
Legal Limits On Religious Conversion In India, Laura Dudley Jenkins
Legal Limits On Religious Conversion In India, Laura Dudley Jenkins
Law and Contemporary Problems
In contemporary India, government assessments of the legitimacy of conversions tend to rely on two assumptions: first, that people who convert in groups may not have freely chosen conversion, and second, that certain groups are particularly vulnerable to being lured into changing their religion. These assumptions, which pervade the anticonversion laws as well as related court decisions and government committee reports, reinforce social constructions of women and lower castes as inherently naive and susceptible to manipulation. Here, Jenkins contends to carefully scrutinized the assumptions since like "protective" laws in many other contexts, such laws restrict freedom in highly personal, individual …
Similarity Or Difference As A Basis For Justice: Must Animals Be Like Humans To Be Legally Protected From Humans?, Taimie L. Bryant
Similarity Or Difference As A Basis For Justice: Must Animals Be Like Humans To Be Legally Protected From Humans?, Taimie L. Bryant
Law and Contemporary Problems
Justice may not require that animals be exactly the same as humans or that they have rights exactly coterminous with the rights of humans, but justice would require that animals receive protection in ways that match up with those similarities they share with humans that are characteristics considered essential to the understanding of what it means to be human. Stated generally, the argument is that if animals are similar to humans as to capacities and characteristics of humans that define humans, then animals should receive protections equivalent to the protections of humans because a just society treats like entities alike.
United States Tort Liability For War Crimes Abroad: An Assessment And Recommendation, Kenneth Bullock
United States Tort Liability For War Crimes Abroad: An Assessment And Recommendation, Kenneth Bullock
Law and Contemporary Problems
Bullock proposes that victims of war crimes be permitted to recover against the US government through administrative procedures similar to those of the Foreign Claims Act.
Process And Progress: Reviewing The Criminal Justice Act, Edward C. Prado
Process And Progress: Reviewing The Criminal Justice Act, Edward C. Prado
Law and Contemporary Problems
Prado describes the results of a comprehensive study of the federal defender program and concludes that as the federal criminal justice system evolves, the Criminal Justice Act program must adapt to ever-changing conditions.
Accrediting And The Sherman Act, Clark C. Havighurst, Peter M. Brody
Accrediting And The Sherman Act, Clark C. Havighurst, Peter M. Brody
Law and Contemporary Problems
The shortcomings of the Sherman Act as it relates to private accrediting are examined in order to assist courts in minimizing the anticompetitive features of accreditation and maximizing its procompetitive benefits. A lack of clear legal principles to guide factual analysis and to facilitate the granting of summary judgment in appropriate cases has led to unfocused and protracted litigation.
Color As A Trademark Under The Lanham Act: Confusion In The Circuits And The Need For Uniformity, J. Christopher Carraway
Color As A Trademark Under The Lanham Act: Confusion In The Circuits And The Need For Uniformity, J. Christopher Carraway
Law and Contemporary Problems
The Lanham Act--the Trademark Act of 1946--is examined to determine if it allows the protection of color per se as a trademark. Circuit courts vary in their use of the legislation, but color does satisfy the Act's broad definition of a trademark.
Regulations Under The Higher Education Amendments Of 1992: A Case Study In Negotiated Rulemaking, Mark L. Pelesh
Regulations Under The Higher Education Amendments Of 1992: A Case Study In Negotiated Rulemaking, Mark L. Pelesh
Law and Contemporary Problems
The Higher Education Amendments of 1992 formally provided for a "Program Integrity Triad" of accrediting agencies, the states, and the Department of Education to control access to student financial assistance programs. Negotiated rulemaking was mandated by Congress for the implementation of the program.
Comment On Judge F. Weis, Jr., Service By Mail—Is The Stamp Of Approval From The Hague Convention Always Enough?, Doug Rendleman
Comment On Judge F. Weis, Jr., Service By Mail—Is The Stamp Of Approval From The Hague Convention Always Enough?, Doug Rendleman
Law and Contemporary Problems
Joseph F. Weis Jr's theories regarding US procedural policymaking and service by mail from the Hague Convention are examined. Weis explores two themes that run through US civil procedure: counterintuitive instrumentalism and underlying pragmatism.
Reflections On The Interface Of Treaties And Rules Of Procedure: Time For Federal “Long-Arm” Legislation, J. Dickson Phillips, Paul D. Carrington
Reflections On The Interface Of Treaties And Rules Of Procedure: Time For Federal “Long-Arm” Legislation, J. Dickson Phillips, Paul D. Carrington
Law and Contemporary Problems
Civil justice in the US is a primary means of law enforcement, and those who compete in the US economy ought, except in compelling circumstances, to be subject to the same modes of law enforcement as their US competitors. The five-tiered process for rulemaking regarding special accomodation of foreign interests is examined.
Comment On Mcnollgast “Legislative Intent”, Robert H. Bates
Comment On Mcnollgast “Legislative Intent”, Robert H. Bates
Law and Contemporary Problems
McNollgast's (1994) theory on legislative intent is argued as an exercise in textual interpretation. Possible weaknesses in the application of this theory are highlighted.
Post-Enactment Legislative Signals, William Eskridge Jr.
Post-Enactment Legislative Signals, William Eskridge Jr.
Law and Contemporary Problems
Statutory interpretation, considered from the perspective of positive political theory, yields a number of iconoclastic conclusions. A model suggesting that judges pay attention to legislative history is argued to not present a robust positive theory of the Rehnquist Court's decisions.
Comment On A “Positive Theory Of Legislative Intent”, Michael Munger
Comment On A “Positive Theory Of Legislative Intent”, Michael Munger
Law and Contemporary Problems
The model of legislative intent utilized by Schwartz, Spiller and Urbiztondo (1994) and its strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Two separate results worthy of the attention of scholars of judicial interpretation are addressed.
A Positive Theory Of Legislative Intent, Edward P. Schwartz, Pablo T. Spiller, Santiago Urbiztondo
A Positive Theory Of Legislative Intent, Edward P. Schwartz, Pablo T. Spiller, Santiago Urbiztondo
Law and Contemporary Problems
The debate about statutory interpretation has been affected by the introduction of social choice theory into the study of legal institutions. The positive political theory of legislative intent is examined.
A Comment On The Positive Canons Project, Miriam R. Jorgensen, Kenneth A. Shepsle
A Comment On The Positive Canons Project, Miriam R. Jorgensen, Kenneth A. Shepsle
Law and Contemporary Problems
Using the machinery of positive political theory in order to make some sense of legislative intent contains a number of provocative possibilities. Issues that require attention in this theory are addressed.
Restoration Of The Separate Estate From Community Property After The Equal Management Reform: Some Thoughts On Louisiana’S Reimbursement Rules, Cynthia Samuel
Restoration Of The Separate Estate From Community Property After The Equal Management Reform: Some Thoughts On Louisiana’S Reimbursement Rules, Cynthia Samuel
Law and Contemporary Problems
In 1980, Louisiana shifted from husband management to a general rule of equal management of the community property; these rules are more sympathetic to separate reimbursement claims than to safeguarding a spouse's interest in the community property. It is argued that Louisiana's rules on restoration of the separate estate need some revision.
Erisa And The Limits Of Equity, Norman Stein
Erisa And The Limits Of Equity, Norman Stein
Law and Contemporary Problems
The extent to which the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) is a statute that sounds in equity is considered. It is argued that Congress should revisit basic issues of benefits policy for which judicial reliance has not furnished fully considered answers.
The Utilization Of Caveat Emptor In Cercla Private Party Cleanups, Michael Andrew O'Hara
The Utilization Of Caveat Emptor In Cercla Private Party Cleanups, Michael Andrew O'Hara
Law and Contemporary Problems
The applicability of equitable defenses in private party Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) actions is discussed. The "caveat emptor" defense is available for courts to use at their discretion, and holding a purchaser responsible for the property he or she purchases is economically and equitably beneficial.
505 And All That—The Defendant’S Dilemma, Peter Jaszi
505 And All That—The Defendant’S Dilemma, Peter Jaszi
Law and Contemporary Problems
Section 505 of the Copyright Act of 1909 was carried forth, without substantive change, into the Copyright Act of 1976. An assessment of section 505 is presented.
Design Protection And The Legislative Agenda, J. H. Reichman
Design Protection And The Legislative Agenda, J. H. Reichman
Law and Contemporary Problems
An argument is made that an appropriate design protection law is in the best interests of the US. Without such a design law, industries will continue to seek anti-competitive protection from the government.
The Dimensions Of American Constitutional Equality, J. Harvie Wilkinson Iii
The Dimensions Of American Constitutional Equality, J. Harvie Wilkinson Iii
Law and Contemporary Problems
Liberty and equality are the hallmark characteristics of any legal order. Constitutional equality in the US is discussed. The rights of equality are not economic in nature, and they are not subject to strictly majority rule.
A Judge’S View Of Congressional Action Affecting The Courts, Avern Cohn
A Judge’S View Of Congressional Action Affecting The Courts, Avern Cohn
Law and Contemporary Problems
A comment on Larry Kramer's article suggesting an addition to the mechanisms of congressional review of proposed legislation that has an impact on the work of federal courts is presented. The Office of Technology Assessment's present job for Congress in this respect is evaluated.
“The One-Eyed Are Kings”: Improving Congress’S Ability To Regulate The Use Of Judicial Resources, Larry Kramer
“The One-Eyed Are Kings”: Improving Congress’S Ability To Regulate The Use Of Judicial Resources, Larry Kramer
Law and Contemporary Problems
Improving the ability of Congress to regulate the use of judicial resources is discussed. Reducing caseload growth in the federal courts, assuring that judicial resources are utilized effectively and a proposed agency that would structure jurisdiction under particular legislation are discussed.
“Users United”: The Civil Justice Reform Act Of 1990, Jeffrey J. Peck
“Users United”: The Civil Justice Reform Act Of 1990, Jeffrey J. Peck
Law and Contemporary Problems
The implementation of the Civil Justice Reform Act of 1990, a law designed to improve the management of the civil justice system, is discussed. The substantive components of the law and the process that led to its enactment are addressed.
S. 1232—A Late Entry In The Race For Malpractice Reform, Clark C. Havighurst, Thomas B. Metzloff
S. 1232—A Late Entry In The Race For Malpractice Reform, Clark C. Havighurst, Thomas B. Metzloff
Law and Contemporary Problems
S. 1232, the "Medical Injury Compensation Fairness Act of 1991, is discussed. S. 1232 may be too innovative to be enacted in its present form, but there is immense potential for combining its encouragement of private reform of poorly designed, cost-increasing malpractice rights with other federal proposals that seek to make good-quality health care accessible to all Americans at reasonable cost.