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Articles 1 - 30 of 40
Full-Text Articles in Law
Developments In The Laws Affecting Electronic Payments And Financial Services, Sarah Jane Hughes, Stephen T. Middlebrook, Tom Kierner
Developments In The Laws Affecting Electronic Payments And Financial Services, Sarah Jane Hughes, Stephen T. Middlebrook, Tom Kierner
Articles by Maurer Faculty
The past year proved to be a busy period for the regulation of electronic payments and financial services. In this year’s survey, we discuss rulemakings, enforcement actions, and other litigation that has significantly impacted the law governing payments and financial services. Part II addresses the ongoing fight between federal and state authorities over which should properly regulate Fin- Tech entities and describes some new steps the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) has taken to assert its authority in this area. Part III details an enforcement action that California regulators took against a FinTech company they determined had …
There Are No Racists Here: The Rise Of Racial Extremism, When No One Is Racist, Jeannine Bell
There Are No Racists Here: The Rise Of Racial Extremism, When No One Is Racist, Jeannine Bell
Articles by Maurer Faculty
At first glance hate murders appear wholly anachronistic in post-racial America. This Article suggests otherwise. The Article begins by analyzing the periodic expansions of the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the protection for racist expression in First Amendment doctrine. The Article then contextualizes the case law by providing evidence of how the First Amendment works on the ground in two separate areas — the enforcement of hate crime law and on university campuses that enact speech codes. In these areas, those using racist expression receive full protection for their beliefs. Part III describes social spaces — social media and employment where …
The Jekyll And Hyde Of First Amendment Limits On The Regulation Of Judicial Campaign Speech, Charles G. Geyh
The Jekyll And Hyde Of First Amendment Limits On The Regulation Of Judicial Campaign Speech, Charles G. Geyh
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Online Privacy And The First Amendment: An Opt-In Approach To Data Processing, Joseph A. Tomain
Online Privacy And The First Amendment: An Opt-In Approach To Data Processing, Joseph A. Tomain
Articles by Maurer Faculty
An individual has little to no ability to prevent online commercial actors from collecting, using, or disclosing data about her. This lack of individual choice is problematic in the Big Data era because individual privacy interests are threatened by the ever increasing number of actors processing data, as well as the ever increasing amount and types of data being processed. This Article argues that online commercial actors should be required to receive an individual’s opt-in consent prior to data processing as a way of protecting individual privacy. I analyze whether an opt-in requirement is constitutionally permissible under the First Amendment …
Religion, Government, And Law In The Contemporary United States, Daniel O. Conkle
Religion, Government, And Law In The Contemporary United States, Daniel O. Conkle
Articles by Maurer Faculty
In this Essay, I discuss the relationship between religion and government in the contemporary United States, addressing the period from the 1940s to the present. In so doing, I explore questions of religious liberty, including the protection of religious “free exercise” as well as the constitutional prohibition on the establishment of religion, a prohibition that sometimes - but not always - has been construed to require a “wall of separation” between church and state. I focus especially on the Supreme Court’s evolving interpretations of the First Amendment during this period, which, I suggest, were influenced by broader religious, cultural, and …
First Amendment, Fourth Estate, And Hot News: Misappropriation Is Not A Solution To The Journalism Crisis, Joseph A. Tomain
First Amendment, Fourth Estate, And Hot News: Misappropriation Is Not A Solution To The Journalism Crisis, Joseph A. Tomain
Articles by Maurer Faculty
Journalism is a public good. The Framers understood the importance of a free press in a self-governing society and embedded a structural right for freedom of the press in the First Amendment. There is a journalism crisis. Symptoms of the crisis include layoffs of journalists, diminishing content in newspapers and shuttering of newspapers. The rise of online technologies has exacerbated the crisis, mainly by siphoning advertising revenue away from traditional news organizations to free classified advertisement websites such as Craigslist, search engines and myriad other non-journalistic online endeavors. The internet, however, is not the main cause of the journalism crisis. …
Religious Truth, Pluralism, And Secularization: The Shaking Foundations Of American Religious Liberty, Daniel O. Conkle
Religious Truth, Pluralism, And Secularization: The Shaking Foundations Of American Religious Liberty, Daniel O. Conkle
Articles by Maurer Faculty
In this Essay, I recount John Locke’s 1689 Letter Concerning Toleration and explain how religious liberty continues to rest on Lockean and related justifications. These various justifications depend in part on religious-moral reasoning (both Christian and non-Christian) and in part on political-pragmatic considerations. I then discuss recent and ongoing developments in the American religious landscape, including a radical increase in religious diversity, the modernization of traditional faiths, the individualization or "spiritualization" of religion, and the increasing secularization of individual belief structures. I suggest that these developments, over time, may seriously threaten the underlying religious-moral and political-pragmatic foundations of religious liberty …
Damned For Their Judgment: The Tort Liability Of Standard Development Organizations, Robert H. Heidt
Damned For Their Judgment: The Tort Liability Of Standard Development Organizations, Robert H. Heidt
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Cyberspace Is Outside The Schoolhouse Gate: Offensive, Online Student Speech Receives First Amendment Protection, Joseph A. Tomain
Cyberspace Is Outside The Schoolhouse Gate: Offensive, Online Student Speech Receives First Amendment Protection, Joseph A. Tomain
Articles by Maurer Faculty
Normative and doctrinal analysis shows that schools do not possess jurisdiction over offensive online student speech, at least when it does not cause a substantial disruption of the school environment. This article is a timely analysis on the limits of school jurisdiction over offensive online student speech.
On February 4, 2010, two different Third Circuit panels issued opinions reaching opposite conclusions on whether schools may punish students based on online speech created by students when they are off-campus. The Third Circuit vacated both decisions and is considering these cases in a consolidated en banc appeal. Another case addressing the same …
Religion, Science And The Secular State: Creationism In American Public Schools, Gene Shreve
Religion, Science And The Secular State: Creationism In American Public Schools, Gene Shreve
Articles by Maurer Faculty
This Article examines the current debate whether creationism may be taught in American schools given the constraints of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. The author considers some of the social and political consequences of the U.S. Supreme Court's leading cases. The article concludes by questioning whether the Supreme Court has succeeded in justifying its restrictive decisions in this controversial area.
Book Review. Religious Liberty In America: The First Amendment In Historical And Contemporary Perspective, Daniel O. Conkle
Book Review. Religious Liberty In America: The First Amendment In Historical And Contemporary Perspective, Daniel O. Conkle
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
The Establishment Clause And Religious Expression In Governmental Settings: Four Variables In Search Of A Standard, Daniel O. Conkle
The Establishment Clause And Religious Expression In Governmental Settings: Four Variables In Search Of A Standard, Daniel O. Conkle
Articles by Maurer Faculty
In his controversial but controlling opinion in Van Orden v. Perry, Justice Breyer rejected an Establishment Clause challenge to a Ten Commandments monument on the grounds of the Texas State Capital. Breyer argued that existing Establishment Clause formulations, including the Lemon and endorsement tests, were inadequate to resolve the case, so he relied instead on legal judgment, an approach informed by doctrinal and policy considerations but not controlled by any formal test. In this Essay, I suggest that Justice Breyer may have been right in Van Orden-if not in his result, then at least in approaching the question as he …
Book Review. The Supreme Court And Religion In American Life, Daniel O. Conkle
Book Review. The Supreme Court And Religion In American Life, Daniel O. Conkle
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
O Say, Can You See: Free Expression By The Light Of Fiery Crosses, Jeannine Bell
O Say, Can You See: Free Expression By The Light Of Fiery Crosses, Jeannine Bell
Articles by Maurer Faculty
This Article presents a comprehensive, context-based theory which both places cross burning in its proper doctrinal framework and recognizes the history of cross burning as one of Ku Klux Klan-inspired terrorism directed at African Americans. The author prefaces critical commentary on the Supreme Court's decision in Virginia v. Black with analysis of the full landscape of cross burning cases including another issue to which others have paid little attention - the ways in which state courts have negotiated First Amendment challenges to cross burning statutes. Thoroughly examining cross burning from each of these perspectives, the Article argues that cross burning …
Deciding When Hate Is A Crime: The First Amendment, Police Detectives, And The Identification Of Hate Crime, Jeannine Bell
Deciding When Hate Is A Crime: The First Amendment, Police Detectives, And The Identification Of Hate Crime, Jeannine Bell
Articles by Maurer Faculty
This Article adds to the debate a story of how hate crime law is enforced, based on the experiences of the police detectives who are required to enforce hate crime law. Part I of this Article provides a brief description of hate crime laws and argues that the police play an important role in the determination of how hate crime law is enforced and ultimately, whether defendants’ First Amendment rights will be respected. Part II describes critics’ concerns about defendants’ First Amendment rights and the narrow constitutional line that enforcers of hate crime law must walk between enforcing hate crime …
Constitutional Issues In Information Privacy, Fred H. Cate, Robert E. Litan
Constitutional Issues In Information Privacy, Fred H. Cate, Robert E. Litan
Articles by Maurer Faculty
The U.S. Constitution has been largely ignored in the recent flurry of privacy laws and regulations designed to protect personal information from incursion by the private sector, despite the fact that many of these enactments and efforts to enforce them significantly implicate the First Amendment. Questions about the role of the Constitution have assumed new importance in the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Efforts to identify and bring to justice the perpetrators and to protect against future terrorist attacks, while threatening to weaken constitutional protections against government intrusions into personal …
Are We Buyers Or Hosts? A Memetic Approach To The First Amendment, Jeffrey E. Stake
Are We Buyers Or Hosts? A Memetic Approach To The First Amendment, Jeffrey E. Stake
Articles by Maurer Faculty
The First Amendment is often analyzed using the metaphor of the marketplace of ideas. Making use of memetic analysis, this article suggests that ideas should not be treated as inert products that we choose but as living things that sometimes exert some influence over their environment. Some of the ideas are more adept at surviving than others, and the ones that survive will not necessarily be good for humans. To account for the ability of some memes to replicate dangerously, the First Amendment should be read to allow governments to punish a speaker who advocates or threatens physical injury (other …
The Free Exercise Clause: How Redundant, And Why?, Daniel O. Conkle
The Free Exercise Clause: How Redundant, And Why?, Daniel O. Conkle
Articles by Maurer Faculty
This article responds to Professor Mark Tushnet's article, "The Redundant Free Exercise Clause?" Although its analysis and specific conclusions are distinctive, the article reaches a general conclusion similar to Tushnet's - namely, that the contemporary Free Exercise Clause is largely redundant, in that it provides little protection that is not afforded independently by other First Amendment doctrines. The article first contends that the core principle of the contemporary Free Exercise Clause, the nondiscrimination requirement of Employment Division v. Smith, might be subsumed, perhaps entirely, within the free speech principle that disfavors content discrimination. To that extent, the Free Exercise Clause …
American-Arab -- Getting The Balance Wrong -- Again!, John A. Scanlan
American-Arab -- Getting The Balance Wrong -- Again!, John A. Scanlan
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
The First Amendment, Children, The Internet, And America's Public Libraries, Fred H. Cate
The First Amendment, Children, The Internet, And America's Public Libraries, Fred H. Cate
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Untying The State Action Knot, Craig M. Bradley
Untying The State Action Knot, Craig M. Bradley
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Telephone Companies, The First Amendment, And Technological Convergence, Fred H. Cate
Telephone Companies, The First Amendment, And Technological Convergence, Fred H. Cate
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
N.O.W. V. Scheidler: Rico Meets The First Amendment, Craig M. Bradley
N.O.W. V. Scheidler: Rico Meets The First Amendment, Craig M. Bradley
Articles by Maurer Faculty
A look at the controversial N.O.W. v. Scheidler case.
The First Amendment And The National Information Infrastructure, Fred H. Cate
The First Amendment And The National Information Infrastructure, Fred H. Cate
Articles by Maurer Faculty
What the First Amendment status of electronic information should be is a fundamental question which must be addressed in any attempt to arrive at appropriate legal standards to protect the multifarious interests of the users of cyberspace. Yet, despite its importance, the First Amendment has largely been ignored in the debate surrounding what sort of legal framework should control the emerging National Information Infrastructure. Professor Cate surveys the current terrain of First Amendment jurisprudence and describes the different analytical approaches which may be taken. Doctrinal anomalies such as the law of common carriage indicate that at times the courts have …
A Law Antecedent And Paramount, Fred H. Cate
A Law Antecedent And Paramount, Fred H. Cate
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Feminist Jurisprudence And Free Speech Theory, Susan H. Williams
Feminist Jurisprudence And Free Speech Theory, Susan H. Williams
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
The New First Amendment And Its Impact On The Second, Daniel O. Conkle
The New First Amendment And Its Impact On The Second, Daniel O. Conkle
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Content Discrimination And The First Amendment, Susan H. Williams
Content Discrimination And The First Amendment, Susan H. Williams
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
The First Amendment And The International "Free Flow" Of Information, Fred H. Cate
The First Amendment And The International "Free Flow" Of Information, Fred H. Cate
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Toward A General Theory Of The Establishment Clause, Daniel O. Conkle
Toward A General Theory Of The Establishment Clause, Daniel O. Conkle
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.