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Articles 1 - 30 of 52
Full-Text Articles in Law
Contracts, Copyright And Preemption In A Digital World, I Trotter Hardy
Contracts, Copyright And Preemption In A Digital World, I Trotter Hardy
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
Copyright is designed to provide some form of protection against unauthorized use of original informational materials. The rapid shift of information production and distribution to electronic form, with its corresponding ease of copying, naturally makes copyright-dependent industries nervous. Much talk in the news and on the "net" these days is about the future of copyright law, a law developed in an age of print and now perhaps too tied to that medium to have ready application to today's information technology.
Letter From The Editor, Richard P. Klau
Letter From The Editor, Richard P. Klau
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
Over the last eight months, several people have asked why we decided to publish The Journal exclusively online. These concerns are not insignificant -- any embrace of a new technology should be made without blinders on. We were excited by the possibilities of publishing online, but the fears that we would not be taken seriously were very real. These fears have, however, been overcome by the enthusiasm which has greeted The Journal.
Overreaching Provisions In Software License Agreements, Michael Liberman
Overreaching Provisions In Software License Agreements, Michael Liberman
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
Historically, software license agreements emerged as the most popular means of protection of proprietary rights in computer software. As a common form of contract and trade secret protection, software licenses coexist with other forms of intellectual property rights such as patent and copyright. The importance of these forms of protection has recently increased. Where the licensor fails to consider the implications of the relation between these forms of protection, the licensor's attempts to maximize contractual protection while restricting the licensee's activities regarding the licensed software may result in overreaching. Under these circumstances, a court may invalidate the license agreement in …
Apple V. Microsoft: Virtual Identity In The Gui Wars, Joseph Myers
Apple V. Microsoft: Virtual Identity In The Gui Wars, Joseph Myers
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
The company that controls the interface of the next major operating system will have the ability to set the standards for application software. It was not surprising that Apple Corporation began its fight to stop Windows from being that major operating system after Microsoft Corporation introduced the various versions of its Windows software and announced plans for this program to replace the already widely selling DOS operating system. Unfortunately, Apple chose to conduct this war on the complex and often confusing battleground of copyright law, which ultimately proved to be its downfall.
Welcome To The Journal, David R. Johnson
Welcome To The Journal, David R. Johnson
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
I applaud your decision to visit the Richmond Journal of Law & Technology. If you are a newbie, Welcome to Cyberspace! If a seasoned net surfer, then you fully appreciate that the number and complexity of the legal issues facing the net is growing every day.
Lawfutures, Or, Will You Still Need Me, Will You Still Feed Me, When I'M Sixty Four?, Stephen T. Maher
Lawfutures, Or, Will You Still Need Me, Will You Still Feed Me, When I'M Sixty Four?, Stephen T. Maher
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
I cannot imagine what it was like to practice law without a photocopy machine. In the first years of my practice, I received a few briefs typed the old fashioned way, on onion-skin paper with five sets of carbons in between. But since then, we have witnessed a continuing march of progress in information processing. From the mag card, to the memory typewriter, to the System 6, to the dedicated word processor, to the personal computer and now to the computer network, we have seen technology, when working correctly, providing tremendous assistance in meeting the demands of our busy lives. …
Trademarks Along The Infobahn: A First Look At The Emerging Law Of Cybermarks, Dan L. Burk
Trademarks Along The Infobahn: A First Look At The Emerging Law Of Cybermarks, Dan L. Burk
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
Use of the global Internet computer network is rising exponentially. As Internet subscription increases disagreements between users are expected to arise, just as where any sizeable number of human beings interact, disagreements may be expected to arise. To date, on-line disputes have been primarily dealt with via informal solutions, such as the polite conventions of "netiquette" shared by Internet users. However, as the community of Internet users grows increasingly diverse, formal dispute resolution mechanisms, embodied as law and legal institutions, may be called upon by the parties to resolve disagreements. For example, several acrimonious disputes have already arisen over the …
Expert Witness Testimony: Back To The Future, L. Timothy Perrin
Expert Witness Testimony: Back To The Future, L. Timothy Perrin
University of Richmond Law Review
Expert witnesses are at once detested and treasured. The scorn is significant because of the increasingly prominent role experts play in both civil and criminal litigation. Experts are seen as mercenaries, prostitutes or hired guns, witnesses devoid of principle who sell their opinions to the highest bidder. Experts are not impartial professionals who explain difficult concepts to the trier of fact. Rather, experts become advocates for the side who hired them. The consequences of this role change are not desirable: experts testify to matters beyond their expertise, render opinions that are unreliable, speculative or outside what the experts would be …
University Of Richmond Law Review
University Of Richmond Law Review
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Participatory Government And Communal Property: Two Radical Concepts In The Virginia Charter Of 1606, Finbarr Mccarthy
Participatory Government And Communal Property: Two Radical Concepts In The Virginia Charter Of 1606, Finbarr Mccarthy
University of Richmond Law Review
On April 26, 1607, about one hundred English men landed on the Atlantic shore of North America near Jamestown, Virginia. There they established the foundation for what would become the first permanent English colony in America. These men, and the men and women who followed in the next decade, left as their legacy a society that combined a rudimentary form of popular government with a system of private property. But these settlers established that society only after conducting seventeen turbulent years of social experiments. Had those experiments conducted in that Virginia swamp turned out differently, we might now live under …
Federal Minimums: Insufficient To Save The Bay, Roy A. Hoagland, Jean G. Watts
Federal Minimums: Insufficient To Save The Bay, Roy A. Hoagland, Jean G. Watts
University of Richmond Law Review
In this era of deregulation, streamlining, and government reform, the voices of state government often ring out the philosophy of "no stricter than federal law" when discussing environmental initiatives. The argument that federal minimums can serve as a minimalistic, one-size-fits-all framework for environmental protection not only contradicts the same voices' arguments for flexibility and site-specific solutions, but also ignores the reality that federal minimums alone simply cannot and will not restore our waters, conserve our land, or protect our air.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Business And Corporate Law, Katherine Ennis Wychulis, David S. Haddock Ii
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Business And Corporate Law, Katherine Ennis Wychulis, David S. Haddock Ii
University of Richmond Law Review
This article reviews recent developments in the law affecting Virginia businesses and corporations. Part II discusses recent judicial decisions in Virginia courts involving businesses and corporations. Part III discusses several acts of the 1995 session of the Virginia General Assembly that amend Virginia's corporate, partnership, limited liability company and securities act statutes.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Insurance Law, E. Lewis Kincer Jr.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Insurance Law, E. Lewis Kincer Jr.
University of Richmond Law Review
The Supreme Court of Virginia has recently decided several significant cases in the insurance realm. The court has been most active, at least in number of cases, in the field of uninsured [UM] and underinsured motorist [UIM] coverages, followed closely by decisions affecting automobile liability insurance policies. Although no clearly discernable trend appears to have been established by the court's insurance decisions in the past year, several observations may be made of the cases, as well as the court's general philosophy of judicial interpretation of insurance policies. "An insurance policy is a contract; therefore, we give the words used in …
Foreword, Christopher N. Crowe
Foreword, Christopher N. Crowe
University of Richmond Law Review
The University of Richmond Law Review is pleased to present the second annual Allen Chair Symposium issue. The editorial board hopes that this special issue of the Law Review contributes to the national and international discourse on the state of human rights law.
University Of Richmond Law Review Index
University Of Richmond Law Review Index
University of Richmond Law Review
This is the Index for Volume XXIX.
The United States Supreme Court's Expansive Approach To The Federal Arbitration Act: A Look At The Past, Present, And Future Of Section 2, Preston Douglas Wigner
The United States Supreme Court's Expansive Approach To The Federal Arbitration Act: A Look At The Past, Present, And Future Of Section 2, Preston Douglas Wigner
University of Richmond Law Review
The Federal Arbitration Act ["FAA"] was enacted in 1925 to ensure the validity and enforcement of arbitration agreements in contracts involving maritime transactions or interstate commerce. Intending the Act to be a simple method by which an opportunity would be given to enforce written arbitration agreements, Congress enacted what has become a confusing and controversial statute. Because of the absence of an in-depth discussion regarding the scope and applicability of the Act, Congress placed unintended burdens upon the courts to decipher congressional intent. Of particular concern to the courts was the authority by which Congress enacted the FAA.
Allied Chemical, The Kepone Incident, And The Settlements: Twenty Years Later, Robert R. Merhige Jr., Manning Gasch Jr., William B. Cummings, Robert H. Sand, Robert B. Smith Iii, W. Wade Berryhill
Allied Chemical, The Kepone Incident, And The Settlements: Twenty Years Later, Robert R. Merhige Jr., Manning Gasch Jr., William B. Cummings, Robert H. Sand, Robert B. Smith Iii, W. Wade Berryhill
University of Richmond Law Review
Twenty years ago this July the happenings at a small chemical plant in Hopewell, Virginia ushered in what has since become an incident of national impact and importance. Through the prosecution of criminal cases, the filing of civil personal injury suits and the closing of the James River to fishing, the release of the chemical from the Kepone manufacturing process gained national attention.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Campaign And Election Law, Claudia T. Salomon
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Campaign And Election Law, Claudia T. Salomon
University of Richmond Law Review
This is the first year the University of Richmond Law Review has surveyed recent developments in Virginia's campaign and election laws. Thus, this article provides a general overview of the laws governing state and local candidates concerning (1) qualifications for candidacy, (2) campaign finance, and (3) campaign and election misconduct.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Domestic Relations, Deanna D. Cook
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Domestic Relations, Deanna D. Cook
University of Richmond Law Review
It is well known that non-conforming payments or overpayment of support will not entitle a payor spouse to future credit against his obligations. This continues to be the rule in Virginia. In the case of Sanford v. Sanford, the Virginia Court of Appeals reversed the trial court's decision to credit excess spousal support payments made by the husband against his future obligations. The husband agreed to pay spousal support pursuant to a property settlement agreement, which was incorporated into the parties' final divorce decree. The husband was then terminated by his employer, but he received one year severance pay. Based …
Priority Of Invention In United States Patents: From The Paris Convention To Gatt, John F. Carroll Iv
Priority Of Invention In United States Patents: From The Paris Convention To Gatt, John F. Carroll Iv
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
Imagine the following: It's New Year's Eve, 1994, and as twilight falls you start to clean off your desk and get ready to go home. On top of your "Out" tray is a copy of a patent application for American Corporation that you filed with the Patent and Trademark Office last week. A-Corp., one of your largest clients, is the nation's largest manufacturer of business office furniture. The patent application is for A-Corp's new "Security Cabinet," a device that protects sensitive computer disks and video- tapes from electromagnetic contamination. The Security Cabinet was unveiled at an office supply trade show …
Form V. Substance: The Supreme Court Retreats Into Its Formalistic Shell In Oklahoma Tax Commission V. Jefferson Lines, Jason P. Livingston
Form V. Substance: The Supreme Court Retreats Into Its Formalistic Shell In Oklahoma Tax Commission V. Jefferson Lines, Jason P. Livingston
University of Richmond Law Review
The Constitution expressly authorizes Congress to "regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States." However, it says nothing about the protection of interstate commerce absent any affirmative action by Congress. The Supreme Court has consistently recognized implicit in the language of the Commerce Clause "a further, negative command, known as the dormant Commerce Clause, prohibiting certain state taxation even when Congress has failed to legislate on the subject." In finding that states may constitutionally tax the local portion of interstate business transactions, the Court has held that "[it was not the purpose of the Commerce Clause to relieve …
Liberalism And The Possibility Of Multicultural Constitutionalism: The Distinction Between Deliberative And Dedicated Cultures, Robert Justin Lipkin
Liberalism And The Possibility Of Multicultural Constitutionalism: The Distinction Between Deliberative And Dedicated Cultures, Robert Justin Lipkin
University of Richmond Law Review
Liberalism and multicultural constitutionalism are on a collision course destined to become the next great battlefield in the unfolding odyssey of American constitutional law. The impending battle will define the scope and limits of liberal constitutionalism and its role as the model for democracy around the world. While turbulence between liberalism and multicultural constitutionalism occurs across a panoply of controversies, the eye of the storm focuses on one central question: Can liberalism tolerate non-liberal cultures? This article explores the hypothesis that liberalism's deep structure precludes it from explaining and justifying the toleration of non-liberal cultures. If so, this hypothesis has …
Procedural Labyrinths And The Injustice Of Death: A Critique Of Death Penalty Habeas Corpus (Part One), Alan W. Clarke
Procedural Labyrinths And The Injustice Of Death: A Critique Of Death Penalty Habeas Corpus (Part One), Alan W. Clarke
University of Richmond Law Review
Habeas corpus was once a broad writ of liberty: it served to give meaning to expanding notions of due process, it forced state judicial systems to obey constitutional commands, and it made effective modern conceptions of fundamental fairness. Although a simple implement of humble origin, U.S. habeas corpus became inextricably interwoven with the substantive rights it enforced. Without a practical remedy, cutting across state boundaries and affording uniform access, the substantive rights themselves lose meaning. A right without remedy is a right without meaning. Thus, habeas corpus became an important part of the substantive rights that it enforced.
Risk And Regulation: How Much Is Too Much?, Peter H. Kostmayer
Risk And Regulation: How Much Is Too Much?, Peter H. Kostmayer
University of Richmond Law Review
The Emroch Lecture series was established through the generosity of the late Mr. Emanuel Emroch, his wife Bertha, and other family members and friends. Mr. Emroch held both undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Richmond. He was a distinguished civil trial practitionerin the City of Richmond for many years. Mr. Emroch was listed in Best Lawyers of America, was a Fellow of the International Academy of Trial Lawyers, and of the American College of Trial Lawyers, and was a charter member and past president of the Virginia Chapter of the American Board of Trial Advocates. He was also …
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Criminal Law And Procedure, Cullen D. Seltzer
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Criminal Law And Procedure, Cullen D. Seltzer
University of Richmond Law Review
The past year has been an active one for the Virginia courts and General Assembly in the areas of criminal law and procedure. Developments include cases regarding the allowance of expert assistance to indigent criminal defendants and a defendant's right to a new trial based on after-discovered evidence. Driving under the influence [DUI] defendants are no longer entitled to their choice of a blood or breath test as a function of the implied consent law, and for felons convicted of committing an offense after December 31, 1994, parole is no longer an option. This article surveys these and other legislative …
Clinging To History: The Supreme Court (Mis)Interprets Federal Rule Of Evidence 801(D)(1)(B) As Containing A Temporal Requirement, Christopher A. Jones
Clinging To History: The Supreme Court (Mis)Interprets Federal Rule Of Evidence 801(D)(1)(B) As Containing A Temporal Requirement, Christopher A. Jones
University of Richmond Law Review
The adoption of the Federal Rules of Evidence (the Rules) resulted in a more liberal standard for the admission and use of various forms of evidence. For example, the Rules altered the definition of "relevant evidence" increasing the scope of evidence that can be presented to a jury. Also, the Rules per- mit prior inconsistent statements to be admitted as substantive evidence rather than for impeachment purposes only. The Advisory Committee enunciated these changes, and other changes resulting from the adoption of the Rules, in their notes accompanying the Rules.
Lesnick V. Hollingsworth & Vose Co. - The Pure Stream Of Commerce No Longer Flows Through The Fourth Circuit, Lori Elizabeth Jones
Lesnick V. Hollingsworth & Vose Co. - The Pure Stream Of Commerce No Longer Flows Through The Fourth Circuit, Lori Elizabeth Jones
University of Richmond Law Review
Personal jurisdiction over nonresidents in a forum state has been problematic in our federal system for quite some time. Today, in order to establish personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant, the nonresident must have minimum contacts with the forum state. While the test may be stated succinctly, determining whether a person or corporation has minimum contacts with the forum state is an extremely complex process, as seen in the line of personal jurisdiction cases following International Shoe Co. v. Washington.
Quantifying Liability Under The Architect's Standard Of Care, Murray H. Wright, David E. Boelzner
Quantifying Liability Under The Architect's Standard Of Care, Murray H. Wright, David E. Boelzner
University of Richmond Law Review
In recent years, architects and other design professionals have become the targets of claims arising from problems encountered in construction projects. In addition to incurring the costs of defending such claims, these design professionals (or their insurers) have often found themselves absorbing the liability for many "errors and omissions" that are difficult to defend when individually excerpted from a substantial project. This treatment of claims for defective design reflects a distortion of the architect's professional standard of care that is justified neither by the contractual liability assumed by the architect nor by the economic balance among the parties involved in …
The Dead Hand Loses Its Grip In Virginia: A New Rule For Trust Amendment And Termination?, Jessica L. Lacey
The Dead Hand Loses Its Grip In Virginia: A New Rule For Trust Amendment And Termination?, Jessica L. Lacey
University of Richmond Law Review
The majority rule in America for the amendment and termination of trusts was first adopted in Claflin v. Claflin and came to be known as the Claflin Doctrine. This rule states that "a testator has a right to dispose of his own property with such restrictions and limitations, not repugnant to law, as he sees fit, and that his intentions ought to be carried out, unless they contravene some positive rule of law, or are against public policy." In effect, the Claflin Doctrine is codified in the Restatement (Second) of Trusts, which states that trust beneficiaries cannot compel a trust's …
Deception, Self-Deception, And Myth: Evaluating Long-Term Environmental Settlements, William H. Rodgers Jr.
Deception, Self-Deception, And Myth: Evaluating Long-Term Environmental Settlements, William H. Rodgers Jr.
University of Richmond Law Review
This paper draws upon six famous settlements that are known in various degrees to students of environmental law. Three are a matter of deep history: the 1970 Environmental Defense Fund settlement that led the last manufacturer of DDT in the U.S. to cease discharges into the Los Angeles sewer system and thence into Santa Monica Bay, the Kepone settlement of the mid-70s that followed in the wake of Judge Merhige's initial assessment of a record-breaking criminal fine of $13.24 million, and the Hudson River settlement of the early 1980s in which environmentalists gave up demands for cooling towers on several …