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Full-Text Articles in Law
Statutory Limitations On Civil Rights Of People With Criminal Records, Debbie A. Mukamal, Paul N. Samuels
Statutory Limitations On Civil Rights Of People With Criminal Records, Debbie A. Mukamal, Paul N. Samuels
Fordham Urban Law Journal
State and federal statutory restrictions limit the civil rights of individuals with criminal records and create a barrier to reentry into society. The article explores eight specific areas of restriction: (1) ability to obtain employment, (2) eligibility for public housing, (3) eligibility for public assistance and food stamps, (4) eligibility for student loans, (5) access to records for non-criminal justice purposes, (6) voting rights, (7) drivers' licenses privileges, and (8) rights to be foster and adoptive parents. Finally, the article argues that the government has an obligation ensure fairness and opportunities to reenter society for people with such records.
Day Laborers, Friend Or Foe: A Survey Of Community Responses, Mauricio A. Espana
Day Laborers, Friend Or Foe: A Survey Of Community Responses, Mauricio A. Espana
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This comment discusses the various ways that communities that benefit from day laborers respond to the presence of the "underground" employment phenomenon. Part I provides some background into the day laborers' situation, livelihood, and legal rights. Part II discusses the competing issues faced by day laborers, as well as the issues the laborers present to community residents, employers, and the United States Government. Finally, Part III discusses the different solutions that communities confronted with day laborers have proposed and implemented, and concludes that it is in the best interests of all parties involved that communities accept day labors and accommodate …
Risk Reduction In Office Workplace Encounters Between Newly-Disabled Employees And Management Of New York City Companies, Marta B. Varela
Risk Reduction In Office Workplace Encounters Between Newly-Disabled Employees And Management Of New York City Companies, Marta B. Varela
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article describes potential pitfalls for employers arising from the ADA protections afforded to employees with no prior record of disability returning to work after medical certification of a disability requiring accommodation. The Article describes Federal laws protecting disabled employees from unnecessary intrusion in their private lives (such as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993, and the Occupation Health and Safety Act of 1970) and sets out the requirements imposed on employers. The Article also describes New York City disability laws enforced by the New York City Commission on Human Rights. Finally, …
Protection Of Domestic Violence Victims Under The New York City Human Rights Law's Provisions Prohibiting Discrimination On The Basis Of Disability, Marta B. Varela
Protection Of Domestic Violence Victims Under The New York City Human Rights Law's Provisions Prohibiting Discrimination On The Basis Of Disability, Marta B. Varela
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article analyzes the need to create a new protected class of domestic violence victims to shield them from discrimination in employment. The Article examines arguments for and against proposed legislation to revise the human rights law governing disability, section 8-107 of the New York City Administration Code. The Article concludes that this legislation is unnecessary because the law already provides sufficient protection to domestic violence victims without requiring that victims disclose their domestic violence status to their employers.
Ethical Issues Arising When A Lawyer Leaves A Firm: Restrictions On Practice, Daniel J. Capra, Richard Friedman, Arthur Handler, Diana Parker
Ethical Issues Arising When A Lawyer Leaves A Firm: Restrictions On Practice, Daniel J. Capra, Richard Friedman, Arthur Handler, Diana Parker
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Restriction on covenants not to compete have been a long-time feature of legal practice. Rules prohibiting law firms from restricting lawyers' ability to practice or imposing penalties on lawyers that leave a firm attempt to balance the law firm's interest in survival in a competitive market with the countervailing interests of attorney mobility, and protecting clients' choice of counsel. Restrictions on covenants not to compete should be vigorously enforced, and the exception that allows for the forfeiture of retirement benefits by attorneys that choose to leave a firm should be narrowly applied to only those funds to which the departing …
Five Year Report Of The New York Judicial Committee On Women In The Courts, The Judicial Committee On Women In The Courts
Five Year Report Of The New York Judicial Committee On Women In The Courts, The Judicial Committee On Women In The Courts
Fordham Urban Law Journal
In response to a report submitted by the Judicial Committee on Women, which concluded gender bias to be a "pervasive problem" in the New York State Court System, a Task Force was created to implement the recommendations of that committee. The Five Year Report is a summary of the work done by the Committee and notes the progress made in the fight for more gender equality in our courts. The Committee concluded that although significant progress has been made, there is still a long way to go in the fight for gender equality.
The Duty Of Fair Representation Under The Taylor Law: Supreme Court Development, New York State Adoption And A Call For Independence, Vincent Martin Bonventre
The Duty Of Fair Representation Under The Taylor Law: Supreme Court Development, New York State Adoption And A Call For Independence, Vincent Martin Bonventre
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The duty of fair representation in labor negotiations was born in Supreme Court case law to protect against racial discrimination and as a bastion of individuals’ interests during exclusive union representation in the collective bargaining process. The law later became as much a prescription for deference to unions as a protector from arbitrary union rule. As it currently stands, the law has become a minimal safeguard against wholly irrational and invidious union conduct far from the original guarantee of competent and committed union representation. Almost 25 years after the Supreme Court recognized a duty of fair representation in federal labor …
Private Clubs And Employment Discrimination: Does Federal Law Apply?, Elyse Hilton
Private Clubs And Employment Discrimination: Does Federal Law Apply?, Elyse Hilton
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Note examines the general history and function of Title VII and section 1981 of the civil rights law. The author discusses the problems inherent in defining an organization as a private club, for purposes of employment non-discrimination efforts. The Note examines statutory construction and legislative history, as well as case law to assess arguments as to whether Title VII impliedly amends section 1981 with respect to the private club exemption. The author argues that membership discrimination cases in the case law differ radically from employment discrimination cases, which address entirely different sets of rights. The argument concludes therefore that …
The Recognition Of Public Policy Exceptions To The Employment-At-Will Rule: A Legislative Function?, John Degiuseppe, Jr.
The Recognition Of Public Policy Exceptions To The Employment-At-Will Rule: A Legislative Function?, John Degiuseppe, Jr.
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Recent developments concerning the application of the employment-at-will rule demonstrate that courts are reluctant to recognize exceptions to the rule based on considerations of public policy in the absence of a legislative mandate. Jurisdictions, including New York, have declared that the recognition of a cause of action in tort for abusive discharge should be a function of the state legislature. Further, courts have been unwilling to imply private causes of action to protect the rights of employees under federal and state law. While certain "whistle-blower" and unjust dismissal legislation has had limited success in other jurisdictions, courts could become more …
New York Heart Bills: Presumptions Governing Police And Firefighters' Cardiac Disabilities, Andrea J. Berger
New York Heart Bills: Presumptions Governing Police And Firefighters' Cardiac Disabilities, Andrea J. Berger
Fordham Urban Law Journal
In New York, two statutes govern heart disease suffered by police officers and firefighters - one covering New York City, and the other covering New York State. Both bills establish a line-of-duty presumption which provides that any impairment of health caused by diseases of the heart and the resulting disability or death are presumptive evidence that the impairment was job connected, unless proven otherwise. This Note analyzes the history and current status of New York's two heart bills, including the effect of judicial interpretations of the City Heart Bill, and assesses various alternatives available to the City.
The Right Of Undocumented Aliens Against Their Employers, Floyd G. Cottrell
The Right Of Undocumented Aliens Against Their Employers, Floyd G. Cottrell
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Undocumented aliens who seek to enforce their rights against their employer in state court will often face deportation. An undocumented alien is vulnerable to discriminatory treatment in the workplace, and abusive employment practices, which may often incentivize employers to hire undocumented aliens. This Note exams the legal issues surrounding the employment of undocumented aliens. In particular, the validity of state regulation is examined in light of the rights guaranteed to undocumented aliens under the fourteenth amendment to the United States Constitution, granting due process. The author argues that state welfare benefits should not be denied to undocumented aliens, nor should …
Labor Law- Seniority Rules- An Otherwise Bona Fide Seniority System That Perpetuates Effects Of Pre-Title Vii Discrimination Is Not Unlawful , Marjorie London
Labor Law- Seniority Rules- An Otherwise Bona Fide Seniority System That Perpetuates Effects Of Pre-Title Vii Discrimination Is Not Unlawful , Marjorie London
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Article summarizes International Brotherhood of Teamsters v United States and says that the Supreme Court has carved out an exception to the mandate of the Civil Rights Act that the courts remedy the effects of past employment discrimination that has produced a result that is contrary to the framework and intent of the Act.
Employers' Garnishment Policies - Do They Engender Racial Discrimination In Violation Of Title Vii And The Civil Rights Act Of 1866?, Amy S. Vance
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This note evaluates the hypothesis that employment policies which mandate suspension or discharge for multiple garnishments are racially discriminatory. It considers the methods of challenge such as a claim under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the lack of consensus between the courts and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), and also emerging issues. The note finds that the legality of employment practices imposing disciplinary action against garnished employees is left uncertain. Proof of a disproportionate effect on minorities employees may be adequate, although a satisfactory showing of business necessity may be a defense against a claim …
The 1974 Health Care Amendments To The National Labor Relations Act: Jurisdictional Standards And Appropriate Bargaining Units, Robert H. Ringer
The 1974 Health Care Amendments To The National Labor Relations Act: Jurisdictional Standards And Appropriate Bargaining Units, Robert H. Ringer
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The purpose of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) is to ensure the well-being of labor-management relations through the encouragement of collective bargaining, and the prohibition of certain practices by labor unions and employers. The NLRA applies to cases where labor disputes may tend to burden, obstruct or affect interstate commerce. In an effort to settle the controversy surrounding the National Labor Relations Board's (NLRB) jurisdiction over non-profit hospitals, Congress passed the Health Care Amendments to squarely put non-profit hospitals under NLRB's jurisdiction. This note examines two problems presented by the amendments: (1) the extent of NLRB's jurisdiction under the …
After Albemarle: Class-Wide Recovery Of Back Pay Under Title Vii, B. Martin Druyan
After Albemarle: Class-Wide Recovery Of Back Pay Under Title Vii, B. Martin Druyan
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides administrative and judicial remedies for victims of discrimination in employment. Employers, engaged in “an industry affecting commerce” and having fifteen or more employees who work at least twenty weeks out of the year, are subject to the statutes strictures. Unions are also subject to the statute if they have fifteen or more members, operate an office or hiring hall, and represent employees. One remedy available under Title VII is an award of back pay from the date of the alleged violation. Back pay may be defined as court-awarded compensation for …
The Infirmities Of Affirmative Action: The New York City Plan
The Infirmities Of Affirmative Action: The New York City Plan
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The regulations announced by Mayor John Lindsay that propose new contract bid regulations designed to eliminate discrimination in employment in New York City were implemented and are the basics of the city's present program. New York City's present affirmative action attempts to increase the number of minorities employed in city-financed construction projects. But, how viable are these programs in light of the expected attacks based on the federal preemption doctrine? Questions of due process and equal protection must be examined when affirmative action programs require contractors to make good faith efforts to meet these goals. Affirmative action programs are part …
Comment: An Analysis Of The Fair Credit Reporting Act
Comment: An Analysis Of The Fair Credit Reporting Act
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This comment will examine the Fair Credit Reporting Act and discuss the significance of the more important provisions.
Case Notes
Fordham Urban Law Journal
A look at the recent decisions in Chance v. Board of Examiners, 458 F.2d 1167 (2d Cir. 1972); Bullock v. Carter, 405 U.S. 134 (1972); Dunn v. Blumstein, 405 U.S. 330 (1972); Lamb v. Brown, 456 F.2d 18 (10th Cir. 1972); Perez v. United States, 402 U.S. 146 (1971); Oliver v. Postel, 30 N.Y.2d 171, 282 N.E.2d 306, 331 N.Y.S.2d 407 (1972); and Jefferson v. Hackney, 406 U.S. 535 (1972).