Law Commons^™

Power, Exit Costs, And Renegotiation In International Law, Timothy Meyer

Faculty Scholarship

Scholars have long understood that the instability of power has ramifications for compliance with international law. Scholars have not, however, focused on how states’ expectations about shifting power affect the initial design of international agreements. In this paper, I integrate shifting power into an analysis of the initial design of both the formal and substantive aspects of agreements. I argue that a state expecting to become more powerful over time incurs an opportunity cost by agreeing to formal provisions that raise the cost of exiting an agreement. Exit costs - which promote the stability of legal rules - have distributional …

Is There A First-Drafter Advantage In M&A?, Adam B. Badawi, Elisabeth De Fontenay

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Market Information And The Elite Law Firm, Elisabeth De Fontenay

Faculty Scholarship

As a subcategory of contract negotiations, corporate transactions present information problems that have not been fully analyzed. In particular, the literature does not address the possibility that parties may simply be unaware of value-increasing transaction terms or their outside option. Such unawareness can arise even for transactions that attract many competing parties, if the bargaining process is such that (1) the price terms are negotiated and fixed prior to the non-price terms, contrary to the standard assumption; and (2) some of the non-price terms remain private for some period of time.

A simple bargaining model shows that, when such unawareness …

Trust And The Srba Mediation, Francis E. Mcgovern

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Medical Malpractice Mediation: Benefits Gained, Opportunities Lost , Carol B. Liebman

Law and Contemporary Problems

Liebman reviews two recent studies evaluating the use of interest-based mediation to resolve medical malpractice claims. The first studied cases brought against the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, and the second, Mediating Suits against Hospitals, studied cases brought against private New York City hospitals. How non-participation of physicians in mediations diminishes opportunities to achieve noneconomic goals that plaintiffs desire is analyzed.

A “Principled Resolution”: The Fulcrum For Bioethics Mediation, Nancy Neveloff Dubler

Law and Contemporary Problems

The concept of a "principled resolution" is the foundation for bioethics mediation. Dubler presents the core bioethical principles that support the creation of principled resolutions as fulcrums for resolving disagreements in the healthcare setting. These disputes may arise among medical providers, between medical providers and patients, or among members of a patient's family and can be managed or resolved by bioethics mediation using the conceptual tool of a principled resolution.

Most Claims Settle: Implications For Alternative Dispute Resolution From A Profile Of Medical-Malpractice Claims In Florida , Mirya Holman, Neil Vidmar, Paul Lee

Law and Contemporary Problems

Holman et al draw attention to the frequent and complicated evidentiary problems in medical malpractice claims and the procedural mechanisms provided by statutes, court rules, and case law that are already in place to facilitate claim resolution. While proposed alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedures might well provide better resolutions to medical malpractice claims, they must take into consideration both the unique characteristics of medical malpractice disputes and existing mechanisms for resolving these disputes. The profile of the settlements of Florida medical-malpractice claims provides a structure with which any proposals for ADR must contend.

Escaping The Shadow Of Malpractice Law, Orna Rabinovich-Einy

Law and Contemporary Problems

Abinovich-Einy addresses several constituencies operating at the meeting point of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), communication theory, healthcare policy, and medical-malpractice doctrine. From an ADR perspective, the need for, and barriers to, addressing non-litigable disputes, for which the "alternative" route is the only one, is explored. It is shown that ADR mechanisms may not take root when introduced into an environment that is resistant to collaborative and open discourse without additional incentives and measures being adopted.

Fee Shifting In Investor-State Arbitration: Doctrine And Policy Justifying Application Of The English Rule, David P. Riesenberg

Duke Law Journal

In investor-state arbitration, tribunals can and should apply the English rule on legal costs and abandon the two alternatives, the American rule and the pro-claimant rule. Under the English rule, the unsuccessful party in a dispute must indemnify the prevailing party for the costs of dispute resolution. Both doctrine and public policy support the application of the English rule, particularly in light of the much-publicized backlash against the investor-state arbitration system. Most importantly, the English rule would help to mitigate the two most commonly identified causes of the backlash the system's alleged proinvestor bias and its chilling effect on host …

The Remedy Gap: Institutional Design, Retaliation, And Trade Law Enforcement, Rachel Brewster

Faculty Scholarship

One of the major innovations of the World Trade Organization’s (“WTO”) Dispute Settlement Understanding (“DSU”) is the regulation of sanctions in response to violations of trade law. The DSU requires governments to receive multilateral approval before suspending trade concessions and limits the extent of retaliation to prospective damages. In addition, the DSU permits governments to impose only conditional sanctions: sanctions for violations that continue after the dispute resolution process is complete. This enforcement regime creates a remedy gap: governments cannot respond, even to obvious breaches, until the end of the dispute resolution process (and then only to the extent of …

Sovereign Debt Renegotiation: Restructuring The Commercial Debt Of Hipc Debtor Countries, Mark A. Walker, Barthélemy Faye

Law and Contemporary Problems

No abstract provided.

Contracting For State Intervention: The Origins Of Sovereign Debt Arbitration, W. Mark C. Weidemaier

Law and Contemporary Problems

No abstract provided.

Comment On Using Criminal Punishment To Serve Both Victim And Social Needs, John O. Haley

Law and Contemporary Problems

Haley comments on the argument underlying the article by Erin Ann O'Hara and Maria Mayo Robbins, which emphasizes on victim-offender mediation (VOM). By expanding the frame of reference, restorative justice can be defined as a paradigm whose scope encompasses more than VOM and whose emphasis includes the needs of society and offenders as well as victims. Restorative justice involves a wide variety of processes and programs that are more apt to restore both those who commit and those who suffer wrongs. It includes children at risk programs, drug courts, violence-treatment programs, as well as VOM programs. It also includes efforts …

A Reflection And Response To Using Criminal Punishment To Serve Both Victim And Social Needs, Kenneth R. Downes

Law and Contemporary Problems

Downes comments on Erin Ann O'Hara and Maria Mayo Robbins' article that accurately describes the nuanced and complex nature of apology and forgiveness. These are not actions that can be programmed--they happen at their own pace and in paths that are winding and unchartable. One of the reasons that victim-offender mediation is unpopular with some is that it can be emotionally messy and slow. Thus, one of the most helpful insights in his work has been that forgiveness is developmental, meaning that it often happens in normal and predictable stages. Forgiveness can be divided into manageable pieces. Indeed, their article …

Using Criminal Punishment To Serve Both Victim And Social Needs, Erin Ann O'Hara, Maria Mayo Robbins

Law and Contemporary Problems

In recent decades, the criminal-justice pendulum has swung to the opposite extreme. Criminal law is often described as covering disputes between the offender and the state. Victims are not direct parties to criminal proceedings, they have no formal right to either initiate or terminate a criminal action, and they have no control over the punishment meted out to offenders. In this state-centric system, victim needs have been left unsatisfied, giving rise to a politically powerful victims' rights movement that has had success in giving victims rights of access to prosecutors and rights to be heard in the courtroom. Here, O'Hara …

International Human Rights Law In Investment Arbitration: Evidence Of International Law’S Unity, James D. Fry

Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law

No abstract provided.

Contracting With Tortfeasors: Mandatory Arbitration Clauses And Personal Injury Claims, Elizabeth G. Thornburg

Law and Contemporary Problems

This article examines some of the cases in which courts have enforced arbitration clauses in personal injury litigation and considers why courts have reached the outcomes they have. It evaluates the ways that arbitration can disturb the traditional values of procedural justice, contractual fairness and the enforcement of tort-based duties. It suggests changes in the law regarding mandatory arbitration of personal injury claims and explores the extent to which change is possible.

Negotiations Goes To War, Charles J. Dunlap Jr., Paula B. Mccarron

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Future Of Domain Name Dispute Resolution: Crafting Practical International Legal Solutions From Within The Udrp Framework, Lisa M. Sharrock

Duke Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Tripping On The Threshold: Federal Courts’ Failure To Observe Controlling State Law Under The Federal Arbitration Act, Charles Davant Iv

Duke Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Friendly Settlement Of Human Rights Abuses In The Americas, Patricia E. Standaert

Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law

No abstract provided.

Empirical Perspectives On Mediation And Malpractice, Thomas B. Metzloff, Ralph A. Peeples, Catherine T. Harris

Law and Contemporary Problems

The use of mediation in the medical malpractice context is examined. The impact of any court-related alternative dispute resolution program is also discussed.

Arbitration Agreements In Health Care: Myths And Reality, Elizabeth Rolph, Erik Moller, John E. Rolph

Law and Contemporary Problems

It is asserted that alternative dispute resolution methods, particularly mandatory binding arbitration agreements, have become the rule in health care delivery. A study was conducted to ascertain how widespread mandatory arbitration agreements between health plans and providers and their enrollees and patients really are, to assess how decisions regarding their use are made and to evaluate the prospects of their future use.

Adapting Mediation To Link Resolution Of Medical Malpractice Dispute With Health Care Quality Improvement, Edward A. Dauer, Leonard J. Marcus

Law and Contemporary Problems

It is hypothesized that mediation in either a fault-based or a no-fault environment can make claims resolution more efficient and simultaneously promote quality improvement in health care more effectively than does the litigation/settlement process.

Consensus Versus Incentives: A Skeptical Look At Regulatory Negotiation, Susan Rose-Ackerman

Duke Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Alternative Dispute Resolution Strategies In Medical Malpractice, Thomas B. Metzloff

Alaska Law Review

No abstract provided.

Contractual Revisions To Medical Malpractice Liability, William H. Ginsburg, Steven J. Kahn, Michael C. Thornhill, Steven C. Gambardella

Law and Contemporary Problems

No abstract provided.

Agreements Changing The Forum For Resolving Malpractice Claims, James A. Henderson Jr.

Law and Contemporary Problems

No abstract provided.

Negotiation And Informal Agency Action: The Case Of Superfund, Frederick R. Anderson

Duke Law Journal

The multi-billion dollar federal "Superfund" program for the cleanup of thousands of hazardous waste sites currently emphasizes federally-funded cleanups followed by reimbursement actions filed against any responsible parties who can be found. Litigation to compel direct private cleanups supplements this strategy. Dean Anderson argues, however, that a variety of factors, including statutory constraints, inadequate funding, the shortcomings of litigation, and particularly the selection of a cumbersome quasi-regulatory implementation scheme, has combined to increase the costs and delay already inherent in the federal government's program. After a careful analysis of the existing program, he suggests that greater reliance on privately-funded cleanups …