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Full-Text Articles in Law
Contract Remedies Need Not Undercompensate Aspiring Parents When Cryopreserved Reproductive Material Is Lost Or Destroyed: Recovery Of Consequential Damages For Emotional Disturbance When Breach Of Contract Results In The Lost Opportunity To Become Pregnant With One's Own Biological Child, Joseph M. Hnylka
Journal of Law and Health
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported that the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has doubled over the past decade. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most prevalent form of ART. During IVF, a woman’s eggs are extracted, fertilized in a laboratory setting, and then implanted in the uterus. Many IVF procedures use eggs or sperm that were stored using a process called cryopreservation. A recent survey reported that cryopreservation consultations increased exponentially during the coronavirus pandemic, rising as much as 60 percent. It is estimated that more than one million embryos are stored in cryopreservation …
Save Thousands Of Lives Every Year: Resuscitate The Peer Review Privilege, Alan G. Williams
Save Thousands Of Lives Every Year: Resuscitate The Peer Review Privilege, Alan G. Williams
Journal of Law and Health
Doctors make mistakes—preventable medical mistakes—that kill or seriously injure patients. The best way to reduce these preventable errors is through a medical peer review process typically referred to as a "morbidity and mortality conference." However, over the past twenty years, federal and state courts, state legislatures, and state voters have effectively gutted the morbidity and mortality conference (M&M) as a remedial and preventative tool, resulting in tens of thousands of unnecessary deaths every year. Doctors need our help restoring the effectiveness of M&Ms. Congress has created the means to do so; now, all the courts need do is use it. …
What's All The Headache: Reform Needed To Cope With The Effects Of Concussions In Football, Erika A. Diehl
What's All The Headache: Reform Needed To Cope With The Effects Of Concussions In Football, Erika A. Diehl
Journal of Law and Health
In order to effectively manage this public health concern, it is imperative to gain an understanding of the issues surrounding head injuries in sporting events. This Note will discuss the increasing frequency and dangers of concussions in amateur and professional football. It will suggest that athletes, schools, coaches, and doctors must become more educated on the causes and dangers of concussions in order to ensure the safety of participants. In order to do so, this Note introduces a medical overview of concussions, while briefly outlining the diagnosis, long-term effects, and management of concussions. Part III discusses the legal theories athletes …
The Latex Allergy Crisis: Proposing A Healthy Solution To The Dilemma Facing The Medical Community, Lynn Cherne-Breckner
The Latex Allergy Crisis: Proposing A Healthy Solution To The Dilemma Facing The Medical Community, Lynn Cherne-Breckner
Journal of Law and Health
The explosion in the number and severity of latex allergies began with the emergence of the AIDS epidemic as the Centers for Disease Control issued universal precautions advising health care workers to use protective barriers to prevent the spread of the infection. This resulted in constant use of the gloves by medical workers and a great increase in demand for cost effective gloves. Essentially, the quality of the glove making process decreased, increasing the amount of allergy inducing proteins excreted to wearers. Afflicted workers include physicians, nurses, dentists, dental hygienists, operating room personnel, laboratory technicians and ambulance attendants among others. …
Doctors, Nurses And Superseding Cause: The Demise Of The Last In Time Defense, Charles Lattanzi
Doctors, Nurses And Superseding Cause: The Demise Of The Last In Time Defense, Charles Lattanzi
Journal of Law and Health
The question which naturally arises is whether the determination of superseding cause in this context is a question for the jury. Ohio case law has long held, as a matter of law, that the aggravation of an injury by the subsequent malpractice of a physician never breaks the chain of causation. Assuming that the original tortfeaser was negligent and that his actions caused the original injury, the only question left for the jury is whether the plaintiff herself exercised reasonable care in seeking treatment by a qualified physician. This rule was affirmed and given its common appellation, "the subsequent tortfeasor …
Negligent Hiv Testing And False-Positive Plaintiffs: Pardoning The Traditional Prerequisites For Emotional Distress Recovery, Nicholas M. Coquillard
Negligent Hiv Testing And False-Positive Plaintiffs: Pardoning The Traditional Prerequisites For Emotional Distress Recovery, Nicholas M. Coquillard
Cleveland State Law Review
This Note focuses upon the unique circumstances surrounding false-positive plaintiffs' claims. Part II examines the recent surge of litigation resulting from false-positive test results. The discussion begins by analyzing HIV antibody testing and procedure and concludes by noting that negligent testing is the prevailing factor in faulty diagnosis. Part III explores negligent infliction of emotional distress as a cause of action for false-positive plaintiffs. This section begins by tracing the historical development of the law on negligent infliction of emotional distress. The discussion focuses on both the development and abandonment of the traditional limitations placed upon emotional distress recovery. Part …
An Overview Of Ohio Product Liability Law, Stephen J. Werber
An Overview Of Ohio Product Liability Law, Stephen J. Werber
Cleveland State Law Review
Although claims predicated on harm caused by defective products sounding in warranty and negligence, aided and abetted by the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur, existed well before the twentieth century, product liability as we now know it was initially foreshadowed in Ohio in the seminal case of Rogers v. Toni Home Permanent Co. Shortly after the true product liability revolution began, Ohio joined the revolution with the adoption of strict liability in warranty without privity in Lonzrick v. Republic Steel Corp. The Ohio Supreme Court then recognized that this approach to strict liability was no different from the more recognized …
The Nursing Profession In The 1990'S: Negligence And Malpractice Liability, Frank J. Cavico, Nancy M. Cavico
The Nursing Profession In The 1990'S: Negligence And Malpractice Liability, Frank J. Cavico, Nancy M. Cavico
Cleveland State Law Review
Since expanded responsibility portends increased liability, a thorough understanding of the law must be achieved for nurses' rights to be adequately protected and for nurses to be held properly accountable for their legal obligations. This work examines the legal rights, responsibilities, and particularly the potential legal liability of the nurse, in the contexts of modem nursing practice and current statutes and case law. The work focuses on one major aspect of the nurse's legal liability -the tort, or civil wrong, of negligence.
A New Predicament For Physicians: The Concept Of Medical Futility, The Physician's Obligation To Render Inappropriate Treatment, And The Interplay Of The Medical Standard Of Care, Eric M. Levine
Journal of Law and Health
Part II of this article discusses the concept of futility and reviews various proposed approaches to defining "futility". This article then shows how personal value judgments play an integral part in determining futility under virtually all of these approaches. Part II concludes that a decision that treatment is futile should not be based on the individual values of only the patient or physician under the shared decisionmaking model of the physician-patient relationship. Part III tackles the issue whether a physician must offer or continue treatment deemed "medically and ethically inappropriate." Part III first reviews common law doctrines governing the physician-patient …
Nursing Home Contracts: Is It Time For Bad Faith To Come Out Of Retirement?, Charles A. Lattanzi
Nursing Home Contracts: Is It Time For Bad Faith To Come Out Of Retirement?, Charles A. Lattanzi
Journal of Law and Health
For certain types of contracts, the remedy for the breach of the implied duty of good faith and fair dealing has been found to lie in tort. Until the Supreme Court's ruling in Pilot Life Ins. Co. v. Dedeaux, courts were rapidly extending the application of the tort of bad faith breach of contract into areas beyond the traditionally accepted realm of insurance contracts. Most significant for the purposes of this note was the expansion into the area of health care services, specifically health maintenance organizations. Perhaps because of the chilling effect Pilot Life has had upon this form of …
Educational Malpractice: A Tort Is Born, Johnny C. Parker
Educational Malpractice: A Tort Is Born, Johnny C. Parker
Cleveland State Law Review
This article examines the judicial justification for the nonrecognition of educational malpractice as a theory of tort liability. Section I focuses on the various factual contexts in which educational malpractice claims have arisen and analyzes the concept of duty and proximate cause in the different factual contexts. Section II discusses the common law principles which demonstrate that the analytical problems associated with educational malpractice are not new to the law. Section III examines public policy as a distinct component of the duty-proximate cause inquiry. Section IV also focuses on public policy as expressed by various state legislatures regarding the teaching …
Educational Malpractice: A Tort Is Born, Johnny C. Parker
Educational Malpractice: A Tort Is Born, Johnny C. Parker
Cleveland State Law Review
This article examines the judicial justification for the nonrecognition of educational malpractice as a theory of tort liability. Section I focuses on the various factual contexts in which educational malpractice claims have arisen and analyzes the concept of duty and proximate cause in the different factual contexts. Section II discusses the common law principles which demonstrate that the analytical problems associated with educational malpractice are not new to the law. Section III examines public policy as a distinct component of the duty-proximate cause inquiry. Section IV also focuses on public policy as expressed by various state legislatures regarding the teaching …
The Law Of Interspousal Immunity In Ohio, James L. Deese
The Law Of Interspousal Immunity In Ohio, James L. Deese
Cleveland State Law Review
The purpose of this note will be to discuss Ohio's current position on interspousal immunity as well as the problems that are created by the retention of that doctrine.
Wife's Action For Loss Of Consortium, Fred Weisman
Wife's Action For Loss Of Consortium, Fred Weisman
Cleveland State Law Review
The recent Ohio Supreme Court ruling in Clouston v. Remlinger Oldsmobile Cadillac Inc. reversed a rule which had existed in Ohio for over fifty years. Ohio has now been added to the growing list of states which allow to a wife an action for damages for loss of consortium arising from negligent injury to her husband.
Contributory Negligence Of Very Young Children, James B. Wilkens
Contributory Negligence Of Very Young Children, James B. Wilkens
Cleveland State Law Review
If in backing your car out of a driveway you look to only one side as you approach the sidewalk, and strike and injure a pedestrian approaching from the other side, who had been so engrossed in conversation with a companion as not to have cast even a glance up the driveway, your liability for his injuries might well depend upon his age. The standard of care required (in most circumstances) of normal adults (and corporations) for the protection of themselves and of others is that they take such care as ordinary prudent persons would take in the circumstances. Little, …
Delay In Delivery Of Cadaver To Next Of Kin, Lawrence S. Grean, Paul Hesse
Delay In Delivery Of Cadaver To Next Of Kin, Lawrence S. Grean, Paul Hesse
Cleveland State Law Review
The general rule is that mental suffering alone, caused by mere negligence, is non-compensable. While a majority of courts seem to hold that damages may be awarded when physical injuries result from mental anguish, even though no "impact" (contact) is involved, in most states the requirement of physical injury appears steadfast. One notable exception to this rule, however, can sometimes be found in the law relating to cadavers. Briefly stated, it holds that mental anguish suffered by the next of kin, resulting from interference with the body of the deceased, is sufficient basis for compensation, irrespective of contemporaneous physical injury. …
Injuries From Fright Without Contact, Larry Grean
Injuries From Fright Without Contact, Larry Grean
Cleveland State Law Review
Mental distress situations occur throughout the field of torts in cases ranging from assault and trespass to seduction, false arrest, slander, malicious prosecution, and others. They occur in intentional and unintentional situations, and in cases where there is willful and wanton negligence. There may be mental distress over one's own predicament or over fear for the safety of a third party. Physical injuries may or may not result from the mental distress and the element of "impact" (contemporaneous physical injury) becomes an additional factor to consider. However, when it comes to the question of recovery for either mental distress alone …
How F.E.L.A. Became Liability Without Fault, Gaspare A. Corso
How F.E.L.A. Became Liability Without Fault, Gaspare A. Corso
Cleveland State Law Review
The Federal Employers' Liability Act supersedes the common and statutory law of the states ("There is no federal common law"), and this is true regardless of where the action is brought. Under common law, the injured employee was faced with the burden of proof and obliged to overcome the defenses of contributory negligence, assumption of risk and the fellowservant rule. But it is apparent that Congress was dissatisfied with the common law approach to the master-servant relation-ship. The practical effect (at the very least) of the F.E.L.A. is to abolish many of the defenses available at common law to an …
Fireworks, Explosives, Guns, And Minors, George Braun
Fireworks, Explosives, Guns, And Minors, George Braun
Cleveland State Law Review
In most of the United States the laws governing the sale and use of fireworks, explosives and flammable decorations follow the form of control regulations recommended by the National Fire Prevention Association. These severely restrict the use of explosives and fireworks (with the exception of paper caps for toy guns) to adults. Ohio has led the trend by imposing safeguards more restrictive than most states and, by recent statutes together with decisions, imposing strict standards against manufacturers, sellers, keepers, users or other handlers of explosives and fireworks in attempts to effectively control the hazards presented by these products.
Longshoremen's Actions For Unseaworthiness And Negligence, Peter G. Sandlund
Longshoremen's Actions For Unseaworthiness And Negligence, Peter G. Sandlund
Cleveland State Law Review
Seaworthiness within the field of the general maritime law, and negligence as applied under the Jones Act and the Longshoremen's and Harbor Worker's Act afford ample remedies to the parties covered by the respective acts and by the strict liability imposed upon the owner of an unseaworthy vessel. But by allowing recovery under theories that mix the two remedies the courts are creating an additional remedy not granted by Congress when it adopted the Jones Act and the Longshore Act.
Hunting Accident Liability, Vincent A. Feudo
Hunting Accident Liability, Vincent A. Feudo
Cleveland State Law Review
Increased interest in hunting for pleasure has led to an increased number of mishaps. Recent statistics show one injury for every 7,800 hunters, with one in every five or six fatal. From early to more recent cases it has generally been held that where one is not negligent in the handling of his weapon he is not liable. But "ordinary care" while hunting means a high degree of care, due to the inherent nature of the sport.
Insurer's Failure To Settle, John L. Heaslip
Insurer's Failure To Settle, John L. Heaslip
Cleveland State Law Review
When one purchases a liability insurance policy he is contracting with the insurer for the insurer to stand in his place and to pay all liability claims brought against the insured for which the insured is legally liable. In essence, the risk of financial loss is transferred from the shoulders of the insured to those of the insurer, to the extent of the policy limits. The rights and duties of the parties created by a typical automobile liability policy are clearly stated in the policy.
Heart Attacks As A Defense In Negligence Actions, Jerry B. Kraig
Heart Attacks As A Defense In Negligence Actions, Jerry B. Kraig
Cleveland State Law Review
The general rule in the United States today is that an unforeseen heart attack which leads to loss of consciousness, or to inability to maintain control of a motor vehicle, is not negligence. When an operator of an automobile is suddenly stricken by a heart attack, and as a consequence there is an injury to a person or damage to property, a defense based upon the fact of a heart attack will preclude recovery by an injured plaintiff.
Lung Cancer Liability Of Cigarette Manufacturers, Richard H. Burgess
Lung Cancer Liability Of Cigarette Manufacturers, Richard H. Burgess
Cleveland State Law Review
The medical evidence is quite strong as to tobacco causation of lung cancer. However, this leaves several legal questions to be answered before a plaintiff can recover from a cigarette manufacturer. The primary question at hand is: Do cigarette manufacturers impliedly warrant that their product is not dangerous to health; or, if not, do they have a duty to warn the public or the consumers in some direct way of the probable dangers to health in smoking. To phrase it differently, recovery will most likely lie in either implied warranty or in negligence, until statutory provisions are made to help …
Some Notes On The Malayan Law Of Negligence, A. E. S. Tay, J. H. M. Heah
Some Notes On The Malayan Law Of Negligence, A. E. S. Tay, J. H. M. Heah
Cleveland State Law Review
In the annals of the spread of the common law to other lands and other ways, Malaya may deserve a modest place, but, as the selection here no doubt shows, so far it has made no significant contribution to the intellectual content of that law. It has neither produced nor harboured a Cardozo or a Dixon. At best, its judges have applied common law principles simply but soundly; they have never, at least in tort, been subtle or illuminating. Its legal history is of interest for its own sake; its legal achievement awaits us in the future, not in the …
Standards Of Care In Dentistry, Jerome A. Streem
Standards Of Care In Dentistry, Jerome A. Streem
Cleveland State Law Review
This article will discuss briefly each of the three sources of liability for which a dentist might commonly be subject to a malpractice suit: negligence, assault and battery, and breach of contract.
Law Of Manufacturer's Liability, B. Joan Holdridge
Law Of Manufacturer's Liability, B. Joan Holdridge
Cleveland State Law Review
This article discusses the development of the law of manufacturer's liability under theories of negligence and express warranty.
Liability Of Retailer And Wholesaler, William J. Hotes
Liability Of Retailer And Wholesaler, William J. Hotes
Cleveland State Law Review
With the ever-increasing dependence of the consumer on his retailer to supply the consumer's needs, the increasing importance of implied warranties is clearly seen. It is for the retailer to see that the goods which he sells are suitable for the use and purpose which the consumer will make of them. Failure to offer suitable merchandise should carry with it liability for the resulting loss suffered by the consumer. When injured consumers have chosen to seek recovery from the wholesalers of goods which have caused them harm, they have generally brought actions for negligence or for breach of implied warranty …
Premenstrual Tension In Automobile Accidents, Naoma Lee Stewart
Premenstrual Tension In Automobile Accidents, Naoma Lee Stewart
Cleveland State Law Review
The scope of possible legal problems involved in the existence of this physical and mental dysfunction caused by premenstrual is very wide. For the sake of brevity the writer would like to separate the discussions of criminal and civil responsibility, and make this initial study one which is specifically limited to the civil rights and liabilities of women involved in automobile accidents. It is emphasized that the effects of premenstrual tension in torts are not as clearly pertinent as they are in crimes. But they are pertinent.