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Articles 1 - 7 of 7
Full-Text Articles in Law
Not All Defined Value Clauses Are Equal, Wendy G. Gerzog
Not All Defined Value Clauses Are Equal, Wendy G. Gerzog
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Defined value clauses used to value nonmarketable family limited partnership (FLP) interests create valuation distortions and other public policy issues. This paper describes these abuses and proposes the employment of restrictions similar to those applied to pecuniary formula marital deduction clauses.
The article explains how pecuniary formula marital deduction provisions created valuation distortions by allowing for undervaluation of the marital share that were remedied by the IRS’s Rev. Proc. 64-19 and the enactment of section 2056(b)(10). The article analyzes recent case law expanding the use of defined value clauses into the FLP area and criticizes the courts for not applying …
Facade Easement: Inexpert Valuation, Wendy G. Gerzog
Facade Easement: Inexpert Valuation, Wendy G. Gerzog
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The article discusses the recent Dunlap decision, which involved facade easement transfers to the National Architectural Trust, a qualified charity that preserves building easements across the country, although most are in New York City. Although allowing a deduction for their cash contributions to NAT to enforce the easement and not finding any penalties applicable, the Tax Court held that despite two valuation reports written by accepted valuation experts, the taxpayers had not established any value for their easement.
Wandering Far Afield With Defined Value Clauses, Wendy G. Gerzog
Wandering Far Afield With Defined Value Clauses, Wendy G. Gerzog
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The Wandry decision extends the application of defined value clauses beyond those family limited partnership cases that transfer any excess value to a charity. In Wandry, the Tax Court reads Procter narrowly and ignores the fundamental rationale of Robinette.
The Connection Between Competitiveness And International Taxation, Michael S. Knoll
The Connection Between Competitiveness And International Taxation, Michael S. Knoll
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The term “competitiveness” is a highly elastic concept that has been used in a myriad of different ways. However, in discussions of the connection between international taxation and competitiveness, there are two conceptions of competitiveness that are frequently used, but are not always clearly distinguished from one another. One conception emphasizes the competition between firms to be profitable and grow by acquiring productive assets. The other conception focuses on the competition between states to attract investment capital and people by varying their regulations.
Those two conceptions of competitiveness each imply a distinct definition of a domestic industry and a different …
Defined Value Clauses And Fair Market Value, Wendy G. Gerzog
Defined Value Clauses And Fair Market Value, Wendy G. Gerzog
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In Hendrix the Tax Court considered the issues of whether defined value clauses were the result of arm’s-length transactions and whether they were void as against public policy. The underlying dispute was whether the taxpayers’ transfers of the John H. Hendrix Co. stock were valued at fair market value. With a decision favoring the taxpayers, the defined value clauses in both McCord and Hendrix impede the accurate valuation of taxable gifts to family members and of deductible charitable gifts.
Boomer-Ang Eldercare: Deductible Claim?, Wendy G. Gerzog
Boomer-Ang Eldercare: Deductible Claim?, Wendy G. Gerzog
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In this article, Gerzog discusses Estate of Olivo, in which the Tax Court determined the deductibility under section 2053 of a claim against the decedent’s estate for eldercare services provided by a family member.
Schedularity In U.S. Taxation, Its Effect On Tax Distribution, Comparison With Sweden, Henry Ordower
Schedularity In U.S. Taxation, Its Effect On Tax Distribution, Comparison With Sweden, Henry Ordower
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The United States derives from a global income tax model under which it taxes it citizens and permanent residents on all their worldwide income without regard to the source of that income. Under a pure global model, the United States would combine income and deductions in a single tax computation. Other countries including Germany and Sweden originate in schedular income tax models under which the tax system classifies income by type, matches it with deductions from the same class, and computes a separate tax on each class. Neither the United States’ global model nor Germany’s or Sweden’s schedular models are …