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Full-Text Articles in Law

Criminal Usury And Its Impact On New York Business Transactions, Christopher Basile Jan 2020

Criminal Usury And Its Impact On New York Business Transactions, Christopher Basile

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.


Recent Development: Garner V. State: The Unit Of Prosecution For Use Of A Handgun In The Commission Of A Crime Of Violence Is The Crime Of Violence, Not The Victim Or Criminal Transaction; The Evidence Corroborated Two Separate Handgun Convictions; And The Trial Court's One-Year Sentence For The Second Use Of A Handgun Conviction Was Illegal, Ashlyn J. Campos Jan 2015

Recent Development: Garner V. State: The Unit Of Prosecution For Use Of A Handgun In The Commission Of A Crime Of Violence Is The Crime Of Violence, Not The Victim Or Criminal Transaction; The Evidence Corroborated Two Separate Handgun Convictions; And The Trial Court's One-Year Sentence For The Second Use Of A Handgun Conviction Was Illegal, Ashlyn J. Campos

University of Baltimore Law Forum

The Court of Appeals of Maryland held that the unit of prosecution for Section 4-204 of the Maryland Code, Criminal Law Article (“section 4-204”) is the individual crime of violence, not the victim or criminal transaction. Garner v. State, 442 Md. 226, 230, 112 A.3d 392, 394 (2015). The court of appeals further held that separate handgun convictions are permitted when evidence supports multiple crimes or felonies. Id. at 244, 112 A.3d at 402. Finally, the court held that a trial court does not possess the discretion to impose a sentence less than the mandatory five year minimum prescribed by …


Turning Back The Clock: The California Supreme Court's Decision In Mcclung V. Employment Development Department And The Difficulty Of Determining Legislative Intent In Retroactive Rulemaking , Jeffrey R. Groendal Apr 2013

Turning Back The Clock: The California Supreme Court's Decision In Mcclung V. Employment Development Department And The Difficulty Of Determining Legislative Intent In Retroactive Rulemaking , Jeffrey R. Groendal

Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary

Against the backdrop of McClung, this note will explore the principle of retroactivity, tracing its development at the national level in the U.S. Supreme Court and at the state level with respect to California courts. Part II of this note addresses the history and development of jurisprudence on retroactivity, focusing on the traditional roles of the Judicial and Legislative Branches and the major cases of both the U.S. Supreme Court and California courts on retroactivity. Part III sets out the facts of McClung. Part IV analyzes and critiques the court's opinions in McClung, with a separate analysis of the history …


Preemption And Choice-Of-Law Coordination, Erin O'Hara O'Connor, Larry E. Ribstein Mar 2013

Preemption And Choice-Of-Law Coordination, Erin O'Hara O'Connor, Larry E. Ribstein

Michigan Law Review

The doctrine treating federal preemption of state law has been plagued by uncertainty and confusion. Part of the problem is that courts purport to interpret congressional intent when often Congress has never considered the particular preemption question at issue. This Article suggests that courts deciding preemption cases should take seriously a commonly articulated rationale for the federalization of law: the need to coordinate applicable legal standards in order to facilitate a national market or to otherwise provide clear guidance to parties regarding the laws that apply to their conduct. In situations where federal law can serve a coordinating function but …


Legislative Intent And Legislative History In Michigan, Kincaid C. Brown Jan 2011

Legislative Intent And Legislative History In Michigan, Kincaid C. Brown

Law Librarian Scholarship

Determining legislative intent is one of the key roles that the judicial system plays in Michigan, and legislative history can be a useful tool for evaluating the intent of the legislature when enacting a law. However, legislative history resources can be difficult to gather and some resources may not be persuasive in Michigan courts. This article provides a brief description of the Michigan legislative process, the court’s view of using legislative history to determine legislative intent, and a list of Michigan legislative history resources.


The Upc Addresses The Class-Gift And Intestacy Rights Of Children Of Assisted Reproduction Technologies, Lawrence W. Waggoner, Sheldon F. Kurtz Jan 2009

The Upc Addresses The Class-Gift And Intestacy Rights Of Children Of Assisted Reproduction Technologies, Lawrence W. Waggoner, Sheldon F. Kurtz

Articles

Editor's Synopsis: Recent years' advances in assisted reproduction technology have enabled the conception of children in ways in addition to the traditional way. The Uniform Probate Code was amended last year to address the status of children born from assisted reproductive technologies for intestacy and class-gift purposes. This article discusses the relevant UPC provisions and offers several hypothetical cases to show how they operate. The article concludes expressing the hope that states will consider the new UPC approach.


A Presumption Against Agency Preemption, Nina A. Mendelson Jan 2008

A Presumption Against Agency Preemption, Nina A. Mendelson

Articles

Federal agencies are increasingly taking aim at state law, even though state law is not expressly targeted by the statutes the agencies administer. Starting in 2001, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) issued several notices saying that state laws would apply to national bank operating subsidiaries (incorporated under state law) to the same extent as those laws applied to the parent national bank. In 2003, the OCC specifically mentioned state consumer protection laws and took the position that the state laws were preempted and did not apply to mortgage lenders owned by national banks. In December 2006, …


2003 Texas House Bill 4: Unanimous Exemplary Damage Awards And Texas Civil Jury Instructions., Patricia F. Miller Jan 2006

2003 Texas House Bill 4: Unanimous Exemplary Damage Awards And Texas Civil Jury Instructions., Patricia F. Miller

St. Mary's Law Journal

Lawmakers and other supporters of tort reform generally describe enacted tort reform legislation as having a positive effect on consumers. But tort reform can create new hurdles for plaintiffs seeking damage awards in civil litigation. The Texas Legislature’s 2003 House Bill 4 (H.B. 4) amendment to the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code (Code) represents the most recent example of major tort reform in Texas. It has yet to be seen whether H.B. 4 will meet promised expectations. What is clear is H.B. 4 will adversely affect Texas plaintiffs seeking exemplary (punitive) damages from a jury. The H.B. 4 amendment …


The Evolution Of Government Liability Under Section 1983., Christopher J.M. Pettit Jan 1992

The Evolution Of Government Liability Under Section 1983., Christopher J.M. Pettit

St. Mary's Law Journal

The Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides in order to enforce the law, Congress shall have the power to pass enabling legislation. In the exercise of this power, Congress enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1871, to implement the prohibition of slavery as required by the Thirteenth Amendment. Although the Thirteenth Amendment abolished the institution of slavery, discriminatory actions by private citizens remained prevalent. During the period following reconstruction, congressional legislation shifted focus from prohibiting state action to prohibiting the actions of private individuals who violated the civil liberties of others. Through the passage of the Civil Rights …


Assumption Of Risk In New York Under Cplr 1411: Complete Bar Or Comparative Fault?, Thomas P. Lalor Jan 1990

Assumption Of Risk In New York Under Cplr 1411: Complete Bar Or Comparative Fault?, Thomas P. Lalor

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.


Legislative History In Washington, Arthur C. Wang Jan 1984

Legislative History In Washington, Arthur C. Wang

Seattle University Law Review

This Comment begins with an examination of court usage of Washington State legislative history and illustrates the lack of consistent judicial standards for acceptance of evidence of legislative intent. It then describes a systematic process that lawyers may use to identify and obtain relevant legislative history in Washington, and at the same time, points out defects in the record-keeping system. It concludes with recommendations to the Washington State Legislature to improve the accessibility and usefulness of state legislative history. Adoption of these recommendations would not only aid the legal researcher, but also provide the legislature with a better means to …


Defining A Fair Share: The Proposed Revision To Florida's Corporate Profits Tax, Miranda Franks, William Mcvey Smith Jul 1978

Defining A Fair Share: The Proposed Revision To Florida's Corporate Profits Tax, Miranda Franks, William Mcvey Smith

Florida State University Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Search For Intent: Aids To Statutory Construction In Florida, Robert M. Rhodes, John Wesley White, Robert S. Goldman Apr 1978

The Search For Intent: Aids To Statutory Construction In Florida, Robert M. Rhodes, John Wesley White, Robert S. Goldman

Florida State University Law Review

No abstract provided.


Zoning - Construction Of Ordinance Restricting District To Residences - Rooming House As Business, S. R. Stroud Apr 1939

Zoning - Construction Of Ordinance Restricting District To Residences - Rooming House As Business, S. R. Stroud

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff purchased the property in question on January 26, 1934. The property was subject to restrictive covenants, running with the land until January 26, 1930, which prohibited use for "any trade or business whatsoever or any boarding house." On August 18, 1922, a temporary zoning ordinance of the city of Long Beach was adopted to retain the advantages secured by the restrictive covenants. This was followed by a permanent zoning ordinance on July 8, 1930. Under the permanent zoning ordinance the property in question was included in "Residence A" district which was restricted to "a one family detached house for …


Constitutional Limitations On Legislative Procedure In West Virginia, Frank Edward Horack Jr. Jan 1933

Constitutional Limitations On Legislative Procedure In West Virginia, Frank Edward Horack Jr.

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.


Legislation In Vague Or General Terms, Ralph W. Aigler Jan 1923

Legislation In Vague Or General Terms, Ralph W. Aigler

Articles

FOR some reason, probably in part the increasing complexity of our life and relationships, but more largely, perhaps, the growing tendency to regulate everybody and everything by positive law, the courts have been called upon with increasing frequency to pass upon the effectiveness of statutes and ordinances phrased in indefinite terms. In a very interesting and valuable paper, Professor Freund has pointed out the weakness and strength, on the one hand, of legislation in general terms, and on the other hand, legislation in which the rule of conduct is attempted to be laid down with precision. His interest apparently lay …