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Race, Space And Place: The Internal Critique Of The Empowerment Zones Program, Audrey Mcfarlane
Race, Space And Place: The Internal Critique Of The Empowerment Zones Program, Audrey Mcfarlane
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This Article examines the extent to which the Empowerment Zones Program is properly viewed as a neutral, rational, and beneficial program for poor, inner-city communities and their residents by exploring the limits and potential of its chief mechanism, economic development, as a tool to achieve social justice for the inner cities. This Article grounds its exploration within the contested terrain of the city, not simply as a legal or juridical concept, but in terms of its reality as a lived place on the eve of the 21st century.
Empowerment Zones: Urban Revitalization Through Collaborative Enterprise, Audrey Mcfarlane
Empowerment Zones: Urban Revitalization Through Collaborative Enterprise, Audrey Mcfarlane
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The federal government recently designated six empowerment zones in selected urban areas as an urban revitalization demonstration program. The program is derived from the enterprise zone strategy promoted by former HUD Secretary Jack Kemp that sought to address urban poverty by encouraging business growth through deregulation and tax incentives. The Clinton administration modified the original concept and now refers to the target areas as empowerment zones. As the definitions of "enterprise" and "empower" indicate, renaming the zones reflects a significant shift in emphasis-from a focus on stimulating business enterprise through reducing regulation to one in which regulation is used to …