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Full-Text Articles in Law
Investing And Pretending, Anita Krug
Investing And Pretending, Anita Krug
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One of the more prominent components of Dodd–Frank’s regulatory changes was Title VII, providing for the regulation of the over-the-counter derivatives known as “swaps.” A swap is a financial instrument whose value is based on an asset—the “reference asset”—that is wholly unrelated to the swap itself. Although there was much ado about swap regulation immediately after Dodd–Frank’s enactment, the same cannot be said of the many rules that the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) has subsequently adopted pursuant to its authority under Title VII. This Article critically evaluates the CFTC’s “swap rules” and identifies the regulatory vision that they reflect. …
Downstream Securities Regulation, Anita Krug
Downstream Securities Regulation, Anita Krug
All Faculty Scholarship
Securities regulation wears two hats. Its “upstream” side governs firms in connection with their obtaining financing in the securities markets. That is, it regulates firms’ and issuers’ offers and sales of securities, whether in public offerings to retail investors or in private offerings to institutional investors. Its “downstream” side, by contrast, governs financial services providers, who assist with investors’ activities in those markets. Their services include providing advice regarding securities investments, as investment advisers do; aggregating investors’ assets for purposes of enabling those investors to invest their assets collectively, as mutual funds do; and acting as “middlemen” between buyers and …
Escaping Entity-Centrism In Financial Services Regulation, Anita Krug
Escaping Entity-Centrism In Financial Services Regulation, Anita Krug
All Faculty Scholarship
In the ongoing discussions about financial services regulation, one critically important topic has not been recognized, let alone addressed. That topic is what this Article calls the “entity-centrism” of financial services regulation. Laws and rules are entity-centric when they assume that a financial services firm is a stand-alone entity, operating separately from and independently of any other entity. They are entitycentric, therefore, when the specific requirements and obligations they comprise are addressed only to an abstract and solitary “firm,” with little or no contemplation of affiliates, parent companies, subsidiaries, or multi-entity enterprises. Regulatory entity-centrism is not an isolated phenomenon, as …
Institutionalization, Investment Adviser Regulation, And The Hedge Fund Problem, Anita Krug
Institutionalization, Investment Adviser Regulation, And The Hedge Fund Problem, Anita Krug
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This Article contends that more effective regulation of investment advisers could be achieved by recognizing that the growth of hedge funds, private equity funds, and other private funds in recent decades is a manifestation of institutionalization in the investment advisory context. That is, investment advisers today commonly advise these “institutions,” which have supplanted other, smaller investors as advisory clients. However, the federal securities statute governing investment advisers, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, does not address the role of private funds as institutions that now intermediate those smaller investors’ relationships to investment advisers. Consistent with that failure, investment adviser regulation …
Private Fund Adviser Registration Act Hr-3818, Anita Krug
Private Fund Adviser Registration Act Hr-3818, Anita Krug
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This paper comments on the Obama administration's 2009 proposal for the regulation of hedge fund investment advisers.
Financial Regulatory Reform And Private Funds, Anita Krug
Financial Regulatory Reform And Private Funds, Anita Krug
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This white paper comments on the Obama administration's June 2009 proposal for the regulation of hedge fund investment advisers.
The Regulatory Response To Madoff, Anita Krug
The Regulatory Response To Madoff, Anita Krug
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This white paper evaluates investor protection mechanisms in the securities regulatory regime at the time the Madoff fraud was exposed. It considers whether the post-Madoff call for additional regulation of hedge funds and/or their managers - and/or their respective activities - was warranted.
The Hedge Fund Transparency Act Of 2009, Anita Krug
The Hedge Fund Transparency Act Of 2009, Anita Krug
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This white paper provides a review and critique of a bill introduced by Senators Charles Grassley (R-Iowa) and Carl Levin (D-Mich.) in the Senate in early 2009 that, if enacted, would have imposed certain registration and disclosure requirements on hedge funds and certain other private funds.