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Articles 1 - 30 of 55
Full-Text Articles in Law
Legal Introspection Towards The Development Of Right To Privacy As Fundamental Right In India, Payal Thaorey
Legal Introspection Towards The Development Of Right To Privacy As Fundamental Right In India, Payal Thaorey
Indonesia Law Review
Privacy of the individual is an essential aspect of dignity. The ability of the individual to protect a zone of privacy enables the realization of the full value of life and liberty. Liberty has a broader meaning of which privacy is a subset. All liberties may not be exercised in privacy. Yet others can be fulfilled only within a private space. Privacy enables the individual to retain the autonomy of the body and mind. The autonomy of the individual is the ability to make decisions on vital matters of concern to life. The journey of right to privacy has been …
Transnational Legal Process: An Evolving Theory And Methodology, Regina Jefferies
Transnational Legal Process: An Evolving Theory And Methodology, Regina Jefferies
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
Harold Koh introduced Transnational Legal Process in 1996 as a constructivist theory of international legal compliance which draws lessons from international legal theory and the discourse between international law and international relations scholarship. This article situates Transnational Legal Process (TLP) within the broader literature on international legal compliance and traces the theory’s evolution over the years, highlighting scholarship which addresses three critical theoretical limitations: (1) insufficient description of the actors and processes of norm internalization; (2) insufficient explanation of why States internalize certain norms; and (3) insufficient identification and description of norm-creation processes. This article uses the legal origins of …
Gulf Of Guinea And Maritime (In)Security: Musings On Some Implications Of Applicable Legal Instruments, Edwin E. Egede
Gulf Of Guinea And Maritime (In)Security: Musings On Some Implications Of Applicable Legal Instruments, Edwin E. Egede
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
The Gulf of Guinea (GoG) is an enormous and diverse region consisting of approximately 6,000 km of coastline extending from Senegal to Angola. It is a maritime area of strategic importance because it is resource-rich with hydrocarbons, fish and other resources. Also, it is important as a vital maritime transit hub. Unlike certain other shipping lanes that have been identified as chokepoints, the GoG, because of its width, is not susceptible to blockades and major shipping accidents. Previously the maritime (in)security in the GoG had not received the same high-profile attention from the international community as the situation in the …
Autonomous Weapons Systems And The Procedural Accounta- Bility Gap, Afonso Seixas-Nunes
Autonomous Weapons Systems And The Procedural Accounta- Bility Gap, Afonso Seixas-Nunes
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
The development and well-established principles of Internationla Humanitarian Law have been progressively establishing limits to the means and methods of warfare. Those principles and rules are necessarily applicable to future autonomous weapon systems (AWS), but questions regarding liability for violations of IHL caused by AWS have been looming the international debate. This article has two parts. The first part aims to identify a technical dimension of AWS that has been neglected by international lawyers: States responsibility for IHL violations caused by errors in AWS’ software. This article argues that “errors” can neither be identified with “malfunctions” nor attributed to human …
High Time For A Change: How The Relationship Between Signatory Countries And The United Nations Conventions Governing Narcotic Drugs Must Adapt To Foster A Global Shift In Cannabis Law, Alexander Clementi
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
Since the early 1970’s, the inclusion of cannabis and its byproducts in the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs has mandated a strict prohibition on cultivation and use of the substance, which has led to a largely global practice of criminalization and imprisonment of anyone found to be in its possession. Yet recently, mostly in response to growing public health concerns, countries like Uruguay, Portugal, The Netherlands, Canada, and the United States have enacted laws which seek to decriminalize or even legalize cannabis use and possession. Yet, cannabis remains classified as a Schedule IV narcotic under the Single Convention, …
The Status Of State And Nonstate Actors In Postwar Hostilities: Restoring The Rule Of Law To Us Targeted Killing Operations, Claire Finkelstein
The Status Of State And Nonstate Actors In Postwar Hostilities: Restoring The Rule Of Law To Us Targeted Killing Operations, Claire Finkelstein
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
With the killing of Iranian general Qassim Soleimani, the United States crossed a new frontier in the use of extrajudicial lethal operations outside of armed conflict. As a state actor, Soleimani once would have been entirely off-limits as a target outside the context of a formal armed conflict between the United States and Iran. The Trump administration's choice to conduct a one-off strike on a state military leader indicates that conflicts among state adversaries are increasingly fought using the hybridized tools of the war on terror. This Article will argue that the increasing use of such techniques and the perceived …
Swartbooi And Another V Speaker Of The National Assembly (Sa 38-2021) [2021] Nasc (4 August 2021), Dunia P. Zongwe
Swartbooi And Another V Speaker Of The National Assembly (Sa 38-2021) [2021] Nasc (4 August 2021), Dunia P. Zongwe
SAIPAR Case Review
In Swartbooi, the Supreme Court of Namibia failed to give flesh, blood and bones to a theory that could unify the cases that dealt with the separation of powers in Namibia. Though few lawyers would disagree with the outcome of its judgment, the Court nonetheless achieved this outcome by retreating into its legalistic shell.
At the same time, the Swaartbooi case completed a triangle that plotted all the possible relationships between the three organs of state in Namibia. After Ex parte in re: the Constitutional Relationship Between the Attorney-General and the Attorney-General (hereinafter referred to as ‘AG and PG’) addressed …
Limits Of The Rule Of Law: Negotiating Afghan "Traditional" Law In The International Civil Trials In The Czech Republic, Tomas Ledvinka, James M. Donovan
Limits Of The Rule Of Law: Negotiating Afghan "Traditional" Law In The International Civil Trials In The Czech Republic, Tomas Ledvinka, James M. Donovan
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
Drawing on ethnographic research of judicial cases in the Czech Republic which involve the law in migrants' countries of origin, this Article outlines how multiple strategies handle encounters with the legal-cultural differences of Afghanistan in order to neutralize what may be called the "alterity" of law. The Article suggests that far from being analytical tools, concepts such as "context," "culture," and "customary" are strategically used by courts to neutralize unsettling aspects of foreign Afghan legalities. Further, it applies Leopold Pospisil's ethnological concept of legal authority as a vehicle for reinterpreting the contextual differentiation of Afghan "traditional" law as an alternative …
Revocation And Retribution, Jacob Schuman
Revocation And Retribution, Jacob Schuman
Washington Law Review
Revocation of community supervision is a defining feature of American criminal law. Nearly 4.5 million people in the United States are on parole, probation, or supervised release, and 1/3 eventually have their supervision revoked, sending 350,000 to prison each year. Academics, activists, and attorneys warn that “mass supervision” has become a powerful engine of mass incarceration.
This is the first Article to study theories of punishment in revocation of community supervision, focusing on the federal system of supervised release. Federal courts apply a primarily retributive theory of revocation, aiming to sanction defendants for their “breach of trust.” However, the structure, …
Corpus Linguistics And The Law: Extending The Field From A Statistical Perspective, Stefan Th. Gries
Corpus Linguistics And The Law: Extending The Field From A Statistical Perspective, Stefan Th. Gries
Brooklyn Law Review
During the last 5–10 years, corpus-linguistic applications have slowly become more widespread in matters of legal interpretation; specifically, we see more court cases in which corpus-linguistic data are brought to bear on the (original) ordinary/public meaning of expressions in legal texts (in briefs and judicial opinions), but also more academic research focusing on if/how corpus-linguistic methods can shed light on the plain/ordinary meaning of words in a legal text.While this development is welcome, it also comes with shortcoming/risks, some of which are now hotly debated in recent and forthcoming law review articles. In particular, there is a whole family of …
Two Types Of Empirical Textualism, Kevin Tobia, John Mikhail
Two Types Of Empirical Textualism, Kevin Tobia, John Mikhail
Brooklyn Law Review
Modern textualist and originalist theories increasingly center interpretation around the “ordinary” or “public” meaning of legal texts. This approach is premised on the promotion of values like publicity, fair notice, and democratic legitimacy. As such, ordinary meaning is typically understood as a question about how members of the general public understand the text—an empirical question with an objective answer. This essay explores the role of empirical methods, particularly experimental survey methods, in these ordinary meaning inquiries. The essay expresses optimism about new insight that empirical methods can bring, but it also cautions against the view that these methods will deliver …
The Role Of Expropriation Clauses In Protection And Promotion Of Foreign Investments In Renewable Energy: An Essential But Overlooked Legal Consideration, Moosa Akefi Ghaziani, Mohammad Akefi Ghaziani
The Role Of Expropriation Clauses In Protection And Promotion Of Foreign Investments In Renewable Energy: An Essential But Overlooked Legal Consideration, Moosa Akefi Ghaziani, Mohammad Akefi Ghaziani
Indonesia Law Review
Today the world is tackling climate change. The global threat of energy poverty along with the growing need for energy has escalated this crisis. The promotion of renewable energy sources is widely known as the main solution to this challenge. Many International and regional agreements address various aspects of renewable energy development such as trade, transit, security, and investment. Foreign investment is recognised as a crucial prerequisite for the global deployment of renewable energy, since not all States have the financial and technological potentials to develop this sector. Various investment agreements are signed to facilitate and promote investments. These instruments …
A Taxonomy On Constitutional Court Appointment Mechanisms In Federal Countries, Molly Madden
A Taxonomy On Constitutional Court Appointment Mechanisms In Federal Countries, Molly Madden
Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design
This paper provides a taxonomy of how federal countries appoint judges to their highest courts. Appointment mechanisms involve (1) little or no meaningful input from state government, (2) the states acting in an indirect role, or (3) substantial state government input. Within-group one, countries that allow for little to no meaningful input from state governments, some countries require that one federal body check another federal body during the appointment process, such as the federal executive’s nominees are confirmed by the federal senate. I first evaluate which court or entity in each country answers federalism questions, whether that is a Constitutional …
Constitutional Court Landscape Post - Arab Spring: A Survey Of Design, Dane Kirchoff-Foster
Constitutional Court Landscape Post - Arab Spring: A Survey Of Design, Dane Kirchoff-Foster
Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design
This is a case study seeking to survey the landscape of constitutional courts in the MENA region after the Arab Spring. To accomplish this, the case study identifies the traditional functions of constitutional courts, then analyzes the design features present in post-Arab Spring constitutional courts to determine how and to what extent these design features help – or hinder – each court in fulfilling its traditional functions. Analysis of design features will focus on (1) which (and how many) constitutional matters the court is empowered to decide (court jurisdiction), (2) the processes by which a court is presented a …
Polish Road Toward An Illiberal State: Methods And Resistance, Adam Bodnar
Polish Road Toward An Illiberal State: Methods And Resistance, Adam Bodnar
Indiana Law Journal
Since 2015, Poland has experienced a backsliding in democratic and rule of law standards. The ruling party, “Law and Justice,” has adopted a series of legislative changes affecting the independence of courts and checks and balances mechanisms. Some reforms were copied from Hungary, which, as the first Member State of the European Union, started the way toward illiberal democracy in contemporary Europe. Despite pressure from international organizations, the process of changes in Poland did not stop. However, it is important to look at methods implemented to dismantling democracy, as they can be used in other countries. This paper also analyzes …
Russian Symphonia Vs. Rule Of Law?, Mikhail Antonov
Russian Symphonia Vs. Rule Of Law?, Mikhail Antonov
BYU Law Review
No abstract provided.
Law, Lawyers And Sustainable Development: Reflections Of A Fellow Traveler, Muna B. Ndulo
Law, Lawyers And Sustainable Development: Reflections Of A Fellow Traveler, Muna B. Ndulo
Southern African Journal of Policy and Development
At the national level, the rule of law is necessary to create an environment for providing sustainable livelihoods and eradicating poverty. Poverty often stems from disempowerment, exclusion and discrimination. The rule of law fosters development through strengthening the voices of individuals and communities, by providing access to justice, ensuring due process and establishing remedies for the violation of rights. Security of livelihoods, shelter, tenure and contracts can enable and empower the poor to defend themselves against violations of their rights. Legal empowerment goes beyond the provision of legal remedies and supports better economic opportunities. In order for the rule of …
Benevolent Exclusion, Anna Offit
Benevolent Exclusion, Anna Offit
Washington Law Review
The American jury system holds the promise of bringing common sense ideas about justice to the enforcement of the law. But its democratizing effect cannot be realized if a segment of the population faces systematic exclusion based on income or wealth. The problem of unequal access to jury service based on socio-economic disparities is a longstanding yet under-studied problem—and one which the uneven fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic only exacerbated. Like race- and sex-based jury discrimination during the peremptory challenge phase of jury selection, the routine dismissal of citizens who face economic hardship excludes not only people but also the …
Talking Back In Court, M. Eve Hanan
Talking Back In Court, M. Eve Hanan
Washington Law Review
People charged with crimes often speak directly to the judge presiding over their case. Yet, what can be seen in courtrooms across the U.S. is that defendants rarely “talk back” in court, meaning that they rarely challenge authority’s view of the law, the crime, the defendant, the court’s procedure, or the fairness of the proposed sentence.
With few exceptions, legal scholars have treated the occasions when defendants speak directly to the court as a problem to be solved by appointing more lawyers and better lawyers. While effective representation is crucial, this Article starts from the premise that defendants have important …
Getting Away With Murder: How California State Law Determined Recovery In First Roundup Cancer Case Johnson V. Monsato Co., Eliza L. Quattlebaum
Getting Away With Murder: How California State Law Determined Recovery In First Roundup Cancer Case Johnson V. Monsato Co., Eliza L. Quattlebaum
Villanova Environmental Law Journal
No abstract provided.
The Saddest Show On Earth: The Endangered Species Act As Applied To Captive, Endangered Mammals In People For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals Inc. V. Miami Seaquarium, Anne Ringelestein
The Saddest Show On Earth: The Endangered Species Act As Applied To Captive, Endangered Mammals In People For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals Inc. V. Miami Seaquarium, Anne Ringelestein
Villanova Environmental Law Journal
No abstract provided.
In Whose Custody? Miranda, Emergency Medical Care & Criminal Defendants, Kayley Berger
In Whose Custody? Miranda, Emergency Medical Care & Criminal Defendants, Kayley Berger
UC Irvine Law Review
“Respect for the rule of law in all its dimensions is critical to the fair administration of justice, public order, and protection of fundamental freedoms.” The rule of law surrounding the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination will not be respected by the police or public at large until major loopholes that allow the police “to take advantage of indigence in the administration of justice” are closed. The major loophole this Note tackles is the “in custody” requirement for Miranda warnings, which allows officers to question suspects without providing them with a Miranda warning. Specifically, this Note focuses on the damage …
The Limits Of Deliberation About The Public's Values, Mark Seidenfeld
The Limits Of Deliberation About The Public's Values, Mark Seidenfeld
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Public's Law: Origins and Architecture of Progressive Democracy by Blake Emerson.
Etika Bisnis Pelaku Usaha Yang Merugikan Konsumen Dalam Hukum Persaingan Usaha, Hirmawati Fanny Tainpubolon
Etika Bisnis Pelaku Usaha Yang Merugikan Konsumen Dalam Hukum Persaingan Usaha, Hirmawati Fanny Tainpubolon
"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI
Competition between business actors has been carried out in ways that are unfair so that there will be consumers who are hammed. This is because there is no honesty regarding the quality of goods offered for circulation by certain business actors by stating that the products they offer are of the highest class quality even though there are hidden defects covered, if this situation occurs in a protracted manner, consumers will suffer a lot of losses. Through the study of juridical analysis and using library research, the author examines two main issues, namely how business competition and business ethics among …
The Democracy Principle In State Constitutions, Jessica Bulman-Pozen, Miriam Seifter
The Democracy Principle In State Constitutions, Jessica Bulman-Pozen, Miriam Seifter
Michigan Law Review
In recent years, antidemocratic behavior has rippled across the nation. Lame-duck state legislatures have stripped popularly elected governors of their powers; extreme partisan gerrymanders have warped representative institutions; state officials have nullified popularly adopted initiatives. The federal Constitution offers few resources to address these problems, and ballot-box solutions cannot work when antidemocratic actions undermine elections themselves. Commentators increasingly decry the rule of the many by the few.
This Article argues that a vital response has been neglected. State constitutions embody a deep commitment to democracy. Unlike the federal Constitution, they were drafted—and have been repeatedly rewritten and amended— to empower …
Ending Corporate Anonymity: Beneficial Ownership, Sanctions Evasion, And What The United Nations Should Do About It, Vineet Chandra
Ending Corporate Anonymity: Beneficial Ownership, Sanctions Evasion, And What The United Nations Should Do About It, Vineet Chandra
Michigan Journal of International Law
In the vast majority of jurisdictions around the world, there is a generous array of corporate forms available to persons and companies looking to do business. These entities come with varying degrees of regulation regarding how much information about the businesses’ principal owners must be disclosed at the time of registration and how much of that information is subsequently available to the public. There is little policy harmonization around the world on this matter. Dictators and despots have long taken advantage of this unintended identity shield to evade sanctions which target them; in July of 2019, the Center for Advanced …
Can The Liberal Order Be Sustained? Nations, Network Effects, And The Erosion Of Global Institutions, Bryan H. Druzin
Can The Liberal Order Be Sustained? Nations, Network Effects, And The Erosion Of Global Institutions, Bryan H. Druzin
Michigan Journal of International Law
A growing retreat from multilateralism is threatening to upend the institutions that underpin the liberal international order. This article applies network theory to this crisis in global governance, arguing that policymakers can strengthen these institutions by leveraging network effect pressures. Network effects arise when networks of actors—say language speakers or users of a social media platform—interact and the value one user derives from the network increases as other users join the network (e.g., the more people who speak your language, the more useful it is because there are more people with whom you can communicate). Crucially, network effect pressures produce …
The Values Of The Administrative State: A Reply To Seidenfeld, Blake Emerson
The Values Of The Administrative State: A Reply To Seidenfeld, Blake Emerson
Michigan Law Review Online
I appreciate the opportunity to continue the conversation on democracy in the administrative state that I hoped The Public’s Law would inspire. In his review, Mark Seidenfeld critiques some of the book’s legal reform proposals. He argues that I am too optimistic about the general public’s ability to participate in the administrative process, about administrators’ competence to reason about social values, and about courts’ capacity to police such reasoning.
The aspects of my argument Seidenfeld criticizes come at the conclusion of the book’s broader study of the intellectual and institutional history of the administrative state. This history is meant to …
Beyond Qualified Immunity, Fred O. Smith Jr.
Beyond Qualified Immunity, Fred O. Smith Jr.
Michigan Law Review Online
I never watched the video. The descriptions themselves have always felt like enough. Traumatizing enough. Invasive enough. George Floyd, father of two, laying on the ground, as an unfazed officer kneeled on his neck for at least eight minutes and forty-six seconds. He pleaded for his life and cried out to his deceased mother until he met his inevitable death. His name should be said for the record before saying almost anything else. The recording of the chilling final minutes of his life is, in all probability, one of the impetuses for this multi-journal Reckoning and Reform Symposium.
The Wolf We Feed: Democracy, Caste, And Legitimacy, Benjamin Justice, Tracey L. Meares
The Wolf We Feed: Democracy, Caste, And Legitimacy, Benjamin Justice, Tracey L. Meares
Michigan Law Review Online
Procedure is central to American public legal discourse. From the soaring rhetoric of the Declaration of Independence to the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, the American legal tradition rests on the principle that law must be both derived and applied according to fair process. Consider that in the 2020 election the Trump Administration resorted to fervent and false allegations of widespread voter fraud—that the election process was fundamentally unfair—in order to weaponize Republican voters’ ostensible commitments to fairness against what was, objectively, one of the least procedurally unfair elections in history. Yet the four-year period of the Trump …